Wikipedia

St. Louis Lambert International Airport

(Redirected from Lambert Airport)
"Lambert Field" redirects here. For the former baseball stadium at Purdue University, see Lambert Field (Purdue University).

St. Louis Lambert International Airport (IATA: STL, ICAO: KSTL, FAA LID: STL) is the primary international airport serving metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Commonly referred to as Lambert Field or simply Lambert, it is the largest and busiest airport in the state of Missouri. The airport covers 3,793 acres (1,535 ha)[2][3] of land. STL is located 14 miles (23 km) northwest of downtown St. Louis in unincorporated St. Louis County between Berkeley and Bridgeton. The airport provides nonstop service to airports throughout the United States and to the Caribbean, Mexico, Canada, and Europe. In 2019, it served nearly 16 million passengers. In 2023 there were more than 270 daily departures to 80 nonstop domestic and international locations.[4]

St. Louis Lambert International Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorCity of St. Louis Government
Serves
LocationBerkeley and Bridgeton, Missouri, U.S.
OpenedFebruary 27, 1928; 96 years ago (1928-02-27)
Elevation AMSL605 ft / 184 m
Coordinates38°44′50″N 090°21′41″W / 38.74722°N 90.36139°W / 38.74722; -90.36139
Websitewww.flystl.com
Maps
FAA airport diagram
FAA airport diagram
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
12R/30L 11,020 3,359 Concrete
12L/30R 9,013 2,747 Concrete
11/29 9,000 2,743 Concrete
6/24 7,603 2,317 Concrete
Statistics (2023)
Aircraft operations162,113
Total passengers14,886,000
Source: St. Louis Lambert International Airport[1]

Named for Albert Bond Lambert, an Olympic medalist and prominent St. Louis aviator, the airport rose to international prominence in the 20th century thanks to its association with Charles Lindbergh, its groundbreaking air traffic control (ATC), its status as the primary hub of Trans World Airlines (TWA), and its iconic terminal.[5]

St. Louis Lambert International Airport is connected by the MetroLink mass transportation rail system to other parts of the St. Louis metropolitan area, including a future connection to the region's secondary commercial airport, MidAmerica St. Louis Airport about 37 miles (60 km) to the east.[6]

History

edit

Beginnings

edit
 
Aerial view of Naval Air Station St. Louis in the mid-1940s

The airport had its beginnings in 1909, when the Aero Club of St. Louis created a balloon launching base called the "Permanent Aviation Field and Dirigible Harbor" in Kinloch Park, a suburban development of the 1890s.[7] In October 1910, the airfield hosted the first International Air Meet, attracting "many famous persons," including the Wright brothers, who brought six airplanes and their Exhibition Team. President Theodore Roosevelt accepted the club's telegraphed invitation to attend, and after initially ruling out a flight,[8] took off on October 11 with pilot Arch Hoxsey, becoming the first U.S. president to fly.[9] The following year, the airfield—generally called "Kinloch Field"—was the takeoff point for what is generally regarded as the first parachute jump from an airplane.[10] The club's lease on the land expired in 1912, and the field was closed and its grandstand demolished. Efforts to revive the facility were unsuccessful.[9]

In June 1920, a nearby 170-acre field[9] was leased to the Missouri Aeronautical Society,[11] which named its facility the "St. Louis Flying Field." Among the Society's leading members was Albert Bond Lambert, an Olympic silver medalist golfer in the 1904 Summer Games, president of Lambert Pharmaceutical Corporation (which made Listerine),[12] and the first person to receive a pilot's license in St. Louis. So vigorous was Lambert in his efforts to promote St. Louis aviation that in 1923 the field was renamed "Lambert-St. Louis Flying Field."[9] "Major" Lambert (his "rank" was given by the Aero Club and not the military) purchased the field outright in February 1925, and added hangars and a passenger terminal.[11] In the late 1920s, the airport became the first with an air traffic control system–albeit one that communicated with pilots via waving flags. The first controller was Archie League.[13]

Charles Lindbergh's first piloting job was flying airmail for Robertson Aircraft Corporation from the airfield. He stopped at the airport during his cross-country San Diego to New York flight about a week before his record-breaking flight to Paris in 1927. In February 1928, the City of St. Louis leased the airport for $1. Later that year, Lambert sold the airport to the city after a $2 million bond issue was passed, making it one of the first municipally owned airports in the United States.[5][14]

In 1925, the airport became home to Naval Air Station St. Louis, a Naval Air Reserve facility that became an active-duty installation during World War II.[15]

In 1930, the airport was officially christened "Lambert–St. Louis Municipal Airport" by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd. The first terminal building opened in 1933,[14] and within the decade, the airport was served by Robertson Air Lines, Marquette Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, and Transcontinental & Western Air (later renamed TWA).[14][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

In August 1942, voters passed a $4.5 million bond issue to expand the airport by 867 acres (351 ha) and build a new terminal.[14]

During World War II, the airport became a manufacturing base for the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation (later McDonnell Douglas, now Boeing) and Curtiss-Wright.[23][24]

After World War II: expansion, Ozark Air Lines hub

edit
 
Terminal 1 as it originally appeared
 
Ozark DC-9 at Lambert

After the war, NAS St. Louis reverted to a reserve installation, supporting carrier-based fighters and land-based patrol aircraft. When it closed in 1958, most of its facilities were acquired by the Missouri Air National Guard and became "Lambert Field Air National Guard Base." Some other facilities were retained by non-flying activities of the Naval Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve, while the rest was redeveloped to expand airline operations at the airport.[15]

Ozark Air Lines began operations at the airport in 1950.[14]

To handle increasing passenger traffic, Minoru Yamasaki was commissioned to design a new terminal, which began construction in 1953. Completed in 1956 at a total cost of $7.2 million, the three-domed design preceded terminals at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York City and Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport.[5][14] A fourth dome was added in 1965 following the passage of a $200 million airport revenue bond.[25][26][14]

The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 44 weekday TWA departures; American, 24; Delta, 16; Ozark, 14; Eastern, 13; Braniff, 6 and Central, 2. The first scheduled jet was a TWA 707 to New York on July 21, 1959.[27][28]

In 1971, the airport became "Lambert–St. Louis International Airport."[24]

In the 1970s, St. Louis city officials proposed to replace Lambert with a new airport in suburban Illinois. After Missouri residents rejected that, Lambert in 1977 received a $290-million expansion that lengthened the runways, increased the number of gates to 81, and boosted its capacity by half. (In 1997, MidAmerica St. Louis Airport would open in Mascoutah, Illinois, far from the site proposed in the 1970s.) Concourse A and Concourse C were rebuilt into bi-level structures with jet bridges as part of a $25 million project in the mid-1970s designed by Sverdrup. The other concourses were demolished. Construction began in the spring of 1976 and was completed in September 1977.[29] A $20 million, 120,000-square-foot (11,000 m2) extension of Concourse C for TWA and a $46 million, 210,000-square-foot (20,000 m2) Concourse D for Ozark Air Lines (also designed by Sverdrup) were completed in December 1982.[30][31]

Ozark established its only hub at Lambert in the late 1950s. The airline grew rapidly, going from 36 million revenue passenger miles in 1955, to 229 million revenue passenger miles in 1965. The jet age came to Ozark in 1966 with the Douglas DC-9-10 and its network expanded to Denver, Indianapolis, Louisville, Washington, D.C., New York City, Miami, Tampa, and Orlando. With the addition of jets, Ozark began its fastest period of growth, jumping to 653 million revenue passenger miles in 1970 and 936 million revenue passenger miles in 1975;[32] Ozark soon faced heavy competition in TWA's new hub at Lambert.

In 1979, the year after airline deregulation, STL's dominant carriers were TWA (36 routes) and Ozark (25), followed by American (17) and Eastern (12).[33] In April 1980, British Caledonian began a nonstop flight to London's Gatwick Airport using a Boeing 707. This was the airport's first transatlantic service.[34] The company later partnered with Ozark so that the latter's network could feed the flights.[35] British Caledonian severed the link in October 1984.[36][37]

Trans World Airlines hub

edit
 
TWA L-1011 at Lambert

After airline deregulation in 1978, airlines began to change their operations to a hub and spoke model. Trans World Airlines (TWA) was headquartered in New York City but its main base of employment was at Kansas City International Airport (KCI) and had large operations at Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD) as well as St. Louis. TWA deemed Kansas City's terminals unsuitable to serve as a primary hub. TWA reluctantly ruled out Chicago, as its Chicago operation was already losing $25 million a year under competition from American Airlines and United Airlines. This meant that St. Louis was the carrier's only viable option. TWA downsized in Chicago and built up in St. Louis, swapping three Chicago gates for five of American's St. Louis gates. By December 1982, St. Louis accounted for 20% of TWA's domestic capacity. Lambert's terminal was initially too small for this operation, and TWA was forced to use temporary terminals, mobile lounges and airstairs to handle the additional flights.[38] Concourse D was completed in 1985.[39] In April 1985, TWA began service from Lambert to London-Gatwick, Frankfurt, and Paris. It operated the flight to London with Boeing 747s and the ones to Paris and Frankfurt with 767s.[40][41]

TWA's hub grew again in 1986 when the airline bought Ozark Air Lines, which operated its hub from Lambert's B, C, and D concourses. In 1985, TWA had accounted for 56.6% of boardings at STL while Ozark accounted for 26.3%, so the merged carriers controlled over 80% of the traffic.[42] The carriers were merged on October 26, 1986 at which time TWA served STL with nonstop service to 84 cities, an increase from 80 cities served by TWA and/or Ozark in 1985, before the merger.

Lambert again grew in importance for TWA after the airline declared bankruptcy in 1992 and the following year moved its headquarters to St. Louis from Mount Kisco, New York.[43] TWA increased the number of cities served and started routing more connecting passengers through its hub at Lambert. The total number of passengers departing Lambert jumped almost 20% in a year, from 19.9 million passengers in 1993 to 23.4 million in 1994. Growth continued, to 27.3 million by 1997 and the airport's all-time peak of 30.6 million in 2000.[44]

By September 1999, Lambert was TWA's main hub, with 103 destinations served by 515 daily flights: 352 on TWA mainline aircraft and 163 on Trans World Express flights operated by its commuter airline partners. Lambert became the eighth-busiest U.S. airport by flights. Congestion caused delays during peak hours and was exacerbated when bad weather reduced the number of usable runways from three to one, and traffic projections made in the 1980s and 1990s predicted enough growth to strain the airport and the national air traffic system.[45] As a result, city leaders decided to build a 9,000-foot (2,700 m) runway, dubbed Runway 11/29, parallel to the two larger existing runways. At $1.1 billion, it was the costliest public works program in St. Louis history.[46] It required moving seven major roads and destroying about 2,000 homes, six churches, and four schools in Bridgeton.[46][47][48] Work began in 1998 and continued even as traffic at the airport declined after the 9/11 attacks, the collapse of TWA and its subsequent purchase by American, and American's flight reductions several years later.[49][50]

American Airlines and hub closure

edit
 
American MD-83 at Lambert
 
F-15s flying over the Air National Guard base

As TWA entered the new millennium, its financial condition deteriorated; it was purchased by American Airlines in April 2001.[51] The last day of operations for TWA was December 1, 2001, including a ceremonial last flight to TWA's original and historic hometown of Kansas City before returning to St. Louis one final time. The following day, TWA was officially absorbed into American Airlines.[52][53] The plan for Lambert was to become a reliever hub for the existing American hubs at Chicago–O'Hare and Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW). American was looking at something strategic with its new St. Louis hub to potentially offload some of the pressure on O'Hare as well as provide a significant boost to the airline's east/west connectivity.[54][55]

The September 11 attacks depressed air service nationwide: total airline industry domestic revenue passenger miles dropped 20% in October 2001 and 17% in November 2001.[56] Overnight, American no longer had the same need for a hub that bypassed its hubs at Chicago and Dallas/Fort Worth, which suddenly became less congested.[57] As a result of this and the ongoing economic recession, service at Lambert was reduced to 207 flights by November 2003.[58][59][60] Total passenger traffic dropped to 20.4 million that same year.[44] On the international front, American dropped flights to London-Gatwick in October 2003, leaving St. Louis without transatlantic service.[61][62]

In 2006, the United States Air Force (USAF) announced plans to turn the 131st Fighter Wing of the Missouri Air National Guard into the 131st Bomb Wing. The wing's 20 F-15C and F-15D aircraft were moved to the Montana Air National Guard's 120th Airlift Wing at Great Falls International Airport/Air National Guard Base, Montana and the Hawaii Air National Guard's 154th Wing at Hickam AFB, Hawaii. The pilots and maintainers moved to Whiteman AFB, Missouri to fly and maintain the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber as the first Air National Guard wing to fly the aircraft. Lambert Field Air National Guard Base formally shut down on June 13, 2009, when the final two F-15C Eagles did a low approach over the field and then flew away, ending an 86-year chapter of Lambert's history.[63][64]

2006 also saw the completion of the W-1W airport expansion after eight years of work. The culmination of this program was the opening of Runway 11/29, the airport's fourth, on April 13, 2006, when American Airlines Flight 2470 became the first commercial airliner to land on the new runway.[65][50]

In 2008, Lambert's position as an American Airlines hub faced further pressure due to increased fuel costs and softened demand because of a depressed economy. American cut its overall system capacity by over 5% during 2008.[66] At Lambert, American shifted more flights from mainline to regional.[67] Total passengers enplaned fell 6% to 14.4 million in 2008, then fell another 11% to 12.8 million passengers in 2009.[44] In 2009, American announced that as a part of the airline's restructuring, it would close its St. Louis hub by reducing its operations from about 200 daily flights to 36 daily flights by summer 2010.[68] American's closure of the St. Louis hub coincided with its new "Cornerstone" plan, wherein the airline would concentrate itself in several major markets: Chicago, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, New York, and Los Angeles.[69][70] A 12-gate section of Concourse D closed in 2009 as a result of the hub closure.[71] Further flight reductions led to the closure of Concourse B and the rest of Concourse D in 2010 (though some gates at the east end of Concourse D are now part of Concourse E).[72]

Recent years

edit
 
Terminal 1 windows boarded up after the 2011 tornado
 
Terminal 1 departures hall in 2017 after renovation

In the aftermath of the American hub closure, Southwest Airlines boosted daily departures from 74 to 83, adding six new destinations for a total of 31. Southwest quickly replaced American as the carrier with the most daily flights, and continues to dominate the airport to this day.[73][74] Southwest Airlines had been growing steadily at Lambert since the mid-1990s. In 1998, the East Terminal (known today as Terminal 2) and Concourse E opened to accommodate Southwest's growth, where they operate today.[75]

On April 22, 2011, a tornado (rated EF4 nearby but not at the airport itself) struck the airport's Terminal 1, destroying jetways and breaking more than half of the windows.[76][77][78][79] The wind damaged a Southwest Airlines aircraft by pushing a baggage conveyor belt into it. Four American Airlines aircraft were damaged, including one that was buffeted by 80 mph (130 km/h; 70 kn) crosswinds while taxiing after landing.[80] Another aircraft, with passengers still on board, was moved away from its jetway by the storm.[81] The FAA closed the airport at 8:54 pm CDT, and reopened it the following day at temporarily lower capacity.[82] The damage to Concourse C even forced the airport to temporarily reopen some of Concourses B and D for additional gate space.[83] Concourse C underwent renovations and repairs and reopened on April 2, 2012.[83]

In late 2016, officials with the City of St. Louis announced that brand researchers had found that travelers might be confused by the name "Lambert–St. Louis International Airport".[84] They said they might rename it St. Louis International Airport at Lambert Field to freshen up the airport's image and emphasize "St. Louis" in the name. Descendants of Albert Bond Lambert opposed the change, arguing that it de-emphasized the importance of Maj. Lambert to the airport's history and the history of aviation. The proposal was amended, and the St. Louis Airport Commission voted unanimously to change the name to St. Louis Lambert International Airport.[85][86]

In May 2018, Wow Air began flights between St. Louis and Reykjavík on an Airbus A321. This was the airport's first service to Europe since 2003.[87][88] Despite strong sales, Wow ended the route in January 2019 amid financial struggles.[88][89] In June 2022, Lufthansa commenced nonstop service to Frankfurt using Airbus A330s. German firms like Bayer and the Merck Group have a significant presence in St. Louis.[90][91]

In early 2022, airport officials released a plan that would consolidate both existing terminals into one, at the existing Terminal 1 site.[92] The proposal would gradually demolish Concourses A, B, C and build a single new concourse with 62 gates in its place, while retaining the iconic domed terminal building.[93] Following the completion, Terminal 2 would be demolished or repurposed.[92]

Facilities

edit
 
Interior of Concourse E

Terminals

edit

The airport has two terminals, five concourses, and 54 gates.

  • Terminal 1 contains 36 gates across two concourses, lettered A and C.[94] It also has an American Airlines Admirals Club and one of the nation's largest USO facilities.[95]
  • Terminal 2 contains 18 gates across one concourse, lettered E.[94] It also has a public lounge operated by Wingtips.[96] All international flights without border preclearance are processed in Terminal 2.

Inter-terminal transfers/connections can be made by Terminal Shuttle Buses or on the Metro rail between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 (rail connection is free between the terminals as of July 2024)

Runways

edit
 
STL control tower

The airport has four runways: three parallel and one crosswind. The crosswind runway, 6/24, is the shortest of the four at 7,607 feet (2,319 m). The newest runway is 11/29, completed in 2006 as part of a large expansion program.[2][97]

Runway Length Width
12R/30L 11,020 feet (3,360 m) 200 feet (61 m)
12L/30R 9,013 feet (2,747 m) 150 feet (46 m)
11/29 9,000 feet (2,700 m) 150 feet (46 m)
6/24 7,603 feet (2,317 m) 150 feet (46 m)

The airport's current ~156-foot (48-meter) control tower opened in 1997 at a cost of about $15 million.[98][99]

Ground transportation

edit
 
MetroLink station at Terminal 1

The airport is served by MetroLink, the light rail transportation system serving Greater St. Louis. The Red Line has stations at Terminal 1 and Terminal 2.[100] The Metro lines serve the city of St. Louis, along with cities in St. Louis County, and Illinois suburbs in St. Clair County.

The airport is served by I-70; eastbound leads to downtown St. Louis and Illinois with a north–south connection at I-170 immediately east of the airport, while westbound leads to St. Louis exurbs in St. Charles County with a north–south connection at I-270 immediately west of the airport.

Art and historical pieces

edit
 
The Monocoupe 110 Special in Terminal 2

Black Americans in Flight is a mural that depicts African American aviators and their contributions to aviation since 1917. It is located in Terminal 1 / Main Terminal on the lower level near the entrance to gates C and D and baggage claim. The mural consists of five panels and measures 8 feet (2.4 m) tall and 51 feet (16 m) long. The first panel includes Albert Edward Forsythe and C. Alfred Anderson, the first black pilots to complete a cross-country flight; the Tuskegee Institute and the Tuskegee Airmen; Eugene Bullard; Bessie Coleman; and Willa Brown, the first African American woman commercial pilot. The second panel shows Benjamin O. Davis Jr., Clarence "Lucky" Lester, and Joseph Ellesberry. The third panel shows Gen. Daniel "Chappie" James, Capt. Ronald Radliff, and Capt. Marcella Hayes. The fourth and fifth panels show Ronald McNair, who died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986, Guion Bluford, who in 1983 became the first African American in space, and Mae Jemison, the first African American woman in space. Spencer Taylor and Solomon Thurman created the mural in 1990.[101][102] The mural had a re-dedication ceremony in 2012.[103]

One aircraft from the Missouri History Museum currently hangs from Lambert's ceilings. This aircraft, a red Monocoupe 110 Special manufactured in St. Louis in 1931, hangs in the ticketing hall of Terminal 2.[104] The airport has also played host to two other aircraft. A Monocoupe D-127 hung near the eastern security checkpoint in Terminal 1. Charles Lindbergh bought it in 1934 from the Lambert Aircraft Corporation and flew it as his personal aircraft. It was removed in 2018 and returned to the Missouri Historical Society, from which the aircraft had been on loan since 1979, for preservation purposes.[105] Until 1998, a Ryan B-1 Brougham, a replica of the Spirit of St. Louis, hung next to the D-127.[106]

Airlines and destinations

edit

Passenger

edit
AirlinesDestinationsReferences
Air Canada Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau,[107] Toronto–Pearson (resumes May 1, 2025)[108] [109]
Air Canada Express Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau,[110] Toronto–Pearson [109]
Alaska Airlines Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: Puerto Vallarta (begins January 25, 2025)[111] 		[112]
American Airlines Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Washington–National
Seasonal: Cancún 		[113]
American Eagle Boston, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Washington–National [113]
Avelo Airlines New Haven[114] [115]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Salt Lake City [116]
Delta Connection New York–LaGuardia [116]
Frontier Airlines Cancún, Dallas/Fort Worth,[117] Denver, Las Vegas, Orlando
Seasonal: Montego Bay, Punta Cana		 [118]
Lufthansa Frankfurt [119]
Southern Airways Express Burlington (IA), Jackson (TN) (ends November 30, 2024),[120] Jonesboro, Quincy [121]
Southwest Airlines Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Boston, Burbank,[122] Cancún, Charlotte, Chicago–Midway, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Dallas–Love, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Houston–Hobby, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Las Vegas, Little Rock, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Oakland, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco,[123] San Jose (CA), Sarasota, Tampa, Tulsa, Washington–National, Wichita
Seasonal: Charleston (SC), Destin/Fort Walton Beach, Montego Bay, Myrtle Beach, Norfolk,[124] Panama City (FL), Pensacola, Portland (OR), Punta Cana, San José del Cabo, San Juan, Savannah,[124] Seattle/Tacoma,[123] West Palm Beach (FL)		 [125]
Spirit Airlines Las Vegas, Orlando
Seasonal: Fort Lauderdale		 [126]
Sun Country Airlines Seasonal: Minneapolis/St. Paul [127]
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, San Francisco[128] [129]
United Express Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles [129]

Cargo

edit
AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Amazon Air Baltimore, Ontario, San Bernardino [130]
DHL Aviation Cincinnati, Omaha
FedEx Express Indianapolis, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul
UPS Airlines Boise, Chicago/Rockford, Kansas City, Louisville, Portland (OR)
Domestic Destinations Map
 
 
St. Louis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
class=notpageimage|
Domestic destinations from STL (excludes Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. Territories). Red dots represent year-round destinations; Green dots represent seasonal destinations; Blue dots represent future destinations.
International Destinations Map
class=notpageimage|
International destinations from STL (includes Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. Territories). Red dots represent year-round destinations; Green dots represent seasonal destinations; Blue dots represent future destinations.

Statistics

edit

Top destinations

edit
Busiest domestic routes from STL (August 2023 – July 2024)[131]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1   Denver, Colorado 516,300 Frontier, Southwest, United
2   Atlanta, Georgia 465,560 Delta, Southwest
3   Orlando, Florida 341,770 Frontier, Southwest, Spirit
4   Las Vegas, Nevada 297,930 Frontier, Southwest, Spirit
5   New York–LaGuardia, New York 296,270 American, Delta, Southwest
6   Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona 282,590 American, Southwest
7   Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 263,630 American, United
8   Charlotte, North Carolina 259,540 American, Southwest
9   Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 257,010 American, Frontier
10   Dallas–Love, Texas 231,910 Southwest
Busiest international routes from STL (July 2023 – June 2024)[132]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1   Cancún, Mexico 217,344 American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit
2   Frankfurt, Germany 37,063 Lufthansa
3   Punta Cana, Dominican Republic 35,789 Frontier
4   Montego Bay, Jamaica 10,844 Frontier, Southwest
5   Toronto–Pearson, Canada 7,673 Air Canada

Airline market share

edit
Busiest airlines serving STL
(August 2023 – July 2024)[131]
Rank Airline Passengers Share
1 Southwest Airlines 9,667,000 64.75%
2 American Airlines 1,613,000 10.80%
3 Delta Air Lines 1,308,000 8.76%
4 United Airlines 657,000 4.40%
5 Frontier Airlines 350,000 2.34%
6 Others 1,334,000 8.94%

Airport traffic

edit
Annual passenger traffic at STL airport. See Wikidata query.

Annual traffic

edit
Historical Passenger Activity at STL 1990-Present[133][134]
Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers
1990 20,065,737 2000 30,558,991 2010 12,331,426 2020 6,302,402
1991 19,151,278 2001 26,695,019 2011 12,526,150 2021 10,351,533
1992 20,984,782 2002 25,626,114 2012 12,688,726 2022 13,665,517
1993 19,923,774 2003 20,431,132 2013 12,570,128 2023 14,886,000
1994 23,362,671 2004 13,396,028 2014 12,384,015 2024
1995 25,719,351 2005 14,697,263 2015 12,752,331 2025
1996 27,274,846 2006 15,205,944 2016 13,959,126 2026
1997 27,661,144 2007 15,384,557 2017 14,730,656 2027
1998 28,700,622 2008 14,431,471 2018 15,632,586 2028
1999 30,188,973 2009 12,796,302 2019 15,878,527 2029

Accidents and incidents

edit

Accidents

edit
  • August 5, 1936: Chicago and Southern Flight 4, a Lockheed 10 Electra headed for Chicago, crashed after takeoff, killing all eight passengers and crew. The pilot became disoriented in fog.[135]
  • January 23, 1941: a Douglas DC-3 of Transcontinental & Western Air crashed 0.4 miles west of St. Louis Municipal Airport during a landing attempt in adverse weather, killing two occupants out of the 14 on board.[136]
  • August 1, 1943: during a demonstration flight of an "all St. Louis-built glider", a Waco CG-4A, USAAF serial 42-78839, built by sub-contractor Robertson Aircraft Company, lost its starboard wing due to a defective wing strut support and plummeted vertically to the ground at Lambert Field, killing all on board, including St. Louis Mayor William D. Becker; Maj. William B. Robertson and Harold Krueger, both of Robertson Aircraft; Thomas Dysart, president of the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce; Max Doyne, director of public utilities; Charles Cunningham, department comptroller; and Henry Mueller, St. Louis Court presiding judge.[137] The failed component had been manufactured by Robertson subcontractor Gardner Metal Products Company, of St. Louis, which, coincidentally, had been a casket maker.[138]
  • September 6, 1944: the starboard engine of the sole completed McDonnell XP-67 prototype, USAAF serial 42-11677, caught fire during a test flight. Test pilot E.E. Elliot executed an emergency landing at Lambert Field and escaped, but the fire rapidly spread, destroying the aircraft. This was a crippling setback to the XP-67 program, which had been plagued by delays and technical problems, and the second prototype was only 15% complete, so flight testing could not promptly resume. The United States Army Air Forces deemed the XP-67 unnecessary and canceled the program.[139]
  • May 24, 1953: a Meteor Air Transport Douglas DC-3 crashed on approach to the airport, killing six of the seven people on board.[140]
  • February 28, 1966: astronauts Elliot See and Charles Bassett – the original crew of the Gemini 9 mission – were killed in the crash of their T-38 trainer while attempting to land at Lambert Field in bad weather. The aircraft crashed into the same McDonnell Aircraft Corporation building (adjacent to the airport) where their spacecraft was being assembled.[141]
  • March 20, 1968: a McDonnell F-4 Phantom II jet fighter crashed on takeoff during a test flight. The aircraft pitched up and stalled almost immediately after lifting from the runway; both crewmen were able to eject and were not seriously injured. The aircraft was destroyed in the ensuing explosion and fire. The crash was allegedly caused by a wrench socket, mistakenly left in the cockpit by maintenance crews, becoming lodged inside the control stick well on takeoff, jamming the stick in the full aft position.[142]
  • March 27, 1968: Ozark Air Lines Flight 965, a Douglas DC-9-15, collided with a Cessna 150F on a local training flight approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of the airport while both aircraft were on approach to runway 17. The Cessna was destroyed and both of its occupants were killed. The DC-9 sustained light damage and was able to land safely; none of its 44 passengers or five crewmembers were injured. The accident was attributed to inadequate visual flight rules (VFR) procedures in place at the airport, the failure of the DC-9 crew to spot the other aircraft in time, the Cessna crew's deviation from their traffic pattern instructions, and poor communications between the Cessna pilots and air traffic control.[143]
  • July 23, 1973: while on the approach to land at St. Louis International Airport, Ozark Air Lines Flight 809 crashed near the University of Missouri – St. Louis, killing 38 of the 44 persons on board. Wind shear was cited as the cause. A tornado had been reported at Ladue, Missouri, about the time of the accident but the National Weather Service did not confirm that there was a tornado.[144]
  • July 6, 1977: a Fleming International Airways Lockheed L-188 Electra, a cargo flight, crashed during the takeoff roll; all three occupants were killed.[145]
  • January 9, 1984: Douglas DC-3 registration C-GSCA of Skycraft Air Transport crashed on take-off, killing one of its two crew members. The aircraft was on an international cargo flight to Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canada. Both engines lost power shortly after take-off. The aircraft had been fueled with jet fuel instead of avgas.[146]
  • April 8, 1990: A Missouri Air National Guard F-4 Phantom II veered off the runway during takeoff, crashed, and burst into flames. The pilot suffered minor injuries after his ejection seat failed to deploy and he was forced to exit the burning wreckage while the weapons officer fractured his left leg when he ejected from the aircraft.[147]
  • November 22, 1994: TWA Flight 427 collided with a Cessna 441 Conquest, registration N441KM, at the intersection of runway 30R and taxiway Romeo. The TWA McDonnell Douglas MD-82 was taking off for Denver and had accelerated through 80 knots (150 km/h; 92 mph) when the collision occurred. The MD-82 sustained substantial damage during the collision. The Cessna 441, operated by Superior Aviation, was destroyed. The pilot and the passenger were killed. The investigation found the Cessna 441 had entered the wrong runway for its takeoff.[148]
edit

Television

edit

Film

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "CY2023 Passenger & Operation Statistics" (PDF). St. Louis: St. Louis City Airport Commission. February 2, 2024. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  2. ^ a b FAA Airport Form 5010 for STL PDF. Effective October 31, 2024.
  3. ^ "STL airport data at skyvector.com". skyvector.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  4. ^ Departure Statistics (Report). St. Louis: St. Louis City Airport Commission. January 29, 2019. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  5. ^ a b c "The History of Lambert – St. Louis International Airport". Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. 2005. Archived from the original on February 4, 2005. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  6. ^ Schlinkmann, Mark. "Illinois to pay for long-sought MetroLink extension to MidAmerica Airport". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis: Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
  7. ^ Gonzales, Daniel (January 2, 2018). "At St. Louis' Kinloch Field, Theodore Roosevelt became the first U.S. President to travel by plane". St. Louis Magazine. St. Louis. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  8. ^ Wright, John Aaron (2000). Kinloch: Missouri's First Black City. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-0777-4. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d Gonzales, Daniel (January 2, 2018). "At St. Louis' Kinloch Field, Theodore Roosevelt became the first U.S. President to travel by plane". www.stlmag.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  10. ^ Reichhardt, Tony. "Berry's Leap". Air & Space/Smithsonian. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  11. ^ a b "Lambert History". Lambert-Saint Louis International Airport. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
  12. ^ Christensen, Lawrence O. (1999). Dictionary of Missouri Biography. University of Missouri Press. p. 469. ISBN 0-8262-1222-0. Archived from the original on June 30, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  13. ^ Mola, Roger. "Aircraft Landing Technology". Washington: Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "Lambert – St. Louis International Airport > About Lambert > History > Timeline". July 22, 2012. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  15. ^ a b "The Navy at Lambert Field, 1925–1958 by George Everding, LCDR USN (ret)". Usgennet.org. Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  16. ^ "Robertson Air Lines". www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  17. ^ "Robertson Air Lines". www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  18. ^ "Timetable" (JPG). www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on August 15, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  19. ^ "Timetable" (JPG). www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on August 15, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  20. ^ "Timetable" (JPG). www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  21. ^ "Timetable" (JPG). www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  22. ^ "Timetable" (JPG). www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  23. ^ "Curtis Wright airline factory" (PDF). Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  24. ^ a b "History – St. Louis Lambert International Airport". St. Louis: St. Louis City Airport Commission. July 12, 2016. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  25. ^ "Lambert expansion: the never-ending story". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis: Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  26. ^ Hampel, Paul. "Main Lambert terminal gets shiny, new roof". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis: Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  27. ^ St Louis Post-Dispatch 22 July 1959 p3
  28. ^ "Facility Orientation Guide – St. Louis Air Traffic Control Tower" (PDF). Washington: Federal Aviation Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2017 – via Point Sixty Five.
  29. ^ Continuing Progress at Lambert. City of St. Louis Airport Authority. 1977.
  30. ^ "Timeline". City of St. Louis Airport Authority. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  31. ^ "Lambert International: Architectural Creativity in Steel" (PDF). Modern Steel Construction. 26 (1). Chicago: American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.: 5–9 1986. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  32. ^ Handbook of Airline Statistics (biannual CAB publication)
  33. ^ "Airlines and Aircraft Serving Saint Louis Effective November 15, 1979". DepartedFlights.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  34. ^ Swayzee II, Cleon (May 1, 1980). "Non-stop London flights begin with pomp, ballyhoo". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  35. ^ Freeman, Gregory B. (September 27, 1983). "British Caledonian, Ozark team up for non-stop flights to London". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  36. ^ Sanford, Robert (October 12, 1984). "Non-stop flights from St. Louis to London to be ended Oct. 28". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  37. ^ Wagman, Paul (April 22, 1985). "TWA puts Lambert back on European flight plans". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  38. ^ "STL: How To Build A Hub". TWA Mainliner. October 11, 1982. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  39. ^ "History". Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. Archived from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  40. ^ Kohn, Edward H. (April 21, 1985). "TWA is set for St. Louis-Europe non-stop". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. pp. 1D, 10D.
  41. ^ Smith, Bill (April 29, 1985). "International flights off with officials leading way". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  42. ^ Fare and Service Changes at St. Louis Since the TWA-Ozark Merger Archived August 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, United States General Accounting Office. September 21, 1988. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  43. ^ "TWA to relocate headquarters to St. Louis". Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  44. ^ a b c "Historical Passenger Statistics Since 1990" (PDF). www.flystl.com. STL Airport. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  45. ^ "The Expansion Story". Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  46. ^ a b Stoller, Gary (January 9, 2007). "St. Louis' Airports Aren't Too Loud: They're Too Quiet". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 18, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  47. ^ "Airport/Mass Transit November 2005 – Feature Story". Engineering News-Record. November 1, 2005. Archived from the original on February 16, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  48. ^ "Airports and Cities: Can they coexist?". SD Earth Times. Archived from the original on March 16, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  49. ^ "Historical Operation Statistics by Class for the Years: 1985–2006". Lambert–St. Louis International Airport. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  50. ^ a b "New $1 Billion Runway Opens This Week, But It's Not Needed Anymore". USA Today. April 11, 2006. Archived from the original on August 30, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  51. ^ Hirschfeld, Simon (April 10, 2001). "AMR's Takeover of TWA Finalized". Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2018 – via LA Times.
  52. ^ "TWA's Last Flight". twaseniorsclub.org. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  53. ^ "Stories" (PDF). www.bizjournals.com. December 24, 2001. Archived from the original on August 30, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  54. ^ "The Last Day of TWA – A Sad Day For Aviation — Avgeekery.com – News and stories by Aviation Professionals". www.avgeekery.com. August 18, 2016. Archived from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  55. ^ "TWA to be bought by American – Jan. 10, 2001". money.cnn.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  56. ^ "Bureau of Transportation Statistics". Bureau of Transportation. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  57. ^ "American Airlines, a History of Unsuccessful Mergers". Dallas News. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  58. ^ "AA to cut back St. Louis operations: Travel Weekly". www.travelweekly.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  59. ^ "Info" (PDF). www.airtimes.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  60. ^ Grant, Elaine X. (July 28, 2006). "TWA – Death Of A Legend". Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  61. ^ "Info" (PDF). www.airtimes.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  62. ^ O'Neil, Tim (July 17, 2003). "How cuts will affect air travel". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  63. ^ "Last two F-15's leave Lambert". St. Louis Public Radio. June 15, 2009. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  64. ^ "Missouri Air National Guard celebrates End of Era with final F-15 departure". Whiteman AFB Home Page. July 6, 2016. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  65. ^ "American Airlines Flight 2470 – First Commercial Airliner to Land on …". February 22, 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  66. ^ Hinton, Christopher. "American Airlines to trim capacity, add new bag fee". Marketwatch. Archived from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  67. ^ USA Today, Fuel-Cost Fallout: American Airlines is the latest carrier to cut routes, flights, retrieved July 26, 2013 Archived March 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  68. ^ Mutzabaugh, Ben (September 18, 2009). "With AA's Cuts, St. Louis Will Fall From the Ranks of Hub Cities". USA Today. St. Louis: Gannett. Archived from the original on May 24, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
  69. ^ "American Airlines' "cornerstone" worldview". Archived from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  70. ^ Maxon, Terry (April 26, 2012). "Consultants: We studied possibility of closing down one of American Airlines 'cornerstone' cities". The Dallas Morning News. Dallas. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  71. ^ "STL To Close D-Concourse Link Between Terminals". Aero News. December 8, 2008. Archived from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  72. ^ "St Louis: The Incredible Shrinking Airport". Cranky Flier. February 22, 2010. Archived from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  73. ^ Moseley, Jace (August 7, 2017). "The Near Death and Resurgence of St. Louis International Airport". AirlineGeeks.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  74. ^ "Thirty years since arriving at Lambert, Southwest's dominance takes hold". January 25, 2015. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  75. ^ "History". St. Louis Lambert International Airport. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  76. ^ April 22nd Tornadic Supercell Greater St. Louis Metropolitan Area Archived April 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri. (April 23, 2011).
  77. ^ Held, Kevin (April 23, 2011). "St. Louis Airport Storm Caught on Camera". KSDK. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  78. ^ Gay, Malcolm; Harris, Elizabeth A. (April 23, 2011). "Tornadoes Tear Through St. Louis, Shutting Down the Airport". The New York Times. St. Louis. Archived from the original on October 27, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  79. ^ Bowers, Cynthia (April 23, 2011). "Residents: St. Louis Was "Bedlam" During Tornado". CBS News. St. Louis. Archived from the original on April 25, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  80. ^ Salter, Jim; Suhr, Jim (April 23, 2011). "Tornado Cleanup Starts Quickly in St. Louis Area". Yahoo! News. St. Louis. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  81. ^ Moore, Bryce (April 23, 2011). "Lambert Passengers Watch Plane Move, Then Evacuate Terminal". Archived from the original on April 25, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  82. ^ Mann, Jennifer (April 23, 2011). "UPDATE: Lambert Reopening Today, Expects to Be at 70 Percent Capacity Sunday". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis: Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on April 25, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  83. ^ a b Leiser, Ken. "Lambert Opens Refurbished C Concourse After Twister". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Archived from the original on July 6, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  84. ^ "Retrieved September 9, 2016". Bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  85. ^ Post-Dispatch store (September 7, 2016). "Retrieved September 9, 2016". Stltoday.com. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  86. ^ On Air 9:52AM (September 7, 2016). "Retrieved September 9, 2016". Ksdk.com. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  87. ^ Mutzabaugh, Ben (August 23, 2017). "WOW Air, known for $99 Europe fares, adds four new U.S. cities". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 24, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  88. ^ a b Thorsen, Leah. "Wow, that was quick: Wow Air to end flights from Lambert in January". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Archived from the original on October 16, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
  89. ^ Lambert, St Louis (October 15, 2018). "Announcement Regarding WOW air – St. Louis Lambert International Airport". Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  90. ^ Barker, Jacob (December 21, 2021). "Germany's Lufthansa to launch nonstop service from St. Louis to Frankfurt". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis: Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021.
  91. ^ Stefanescu, Victor (June 2, 2022). "Behind the scenes at Lambert's first Lufthansa flight". St. Louis Magazine. Archived from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  92. ^ a b Bush, Mike (January 6, 2022). "Proposed plan would get rid of Terminal 2 at St. Louis Lambert Airport". Archived from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  93. ^ "Airport Layout Plan Update" (PDF) (Press release). St. Louis: St. Louis City Airports Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  94. ^ a b "STL Airport Diagram" (PDF). St. Louis: St. Louis City Airports Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  95. ^ James S. McDonnell USO Archived January 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  96. ^ Clever, Boxing (January 4, 2018). "Wingtips St. Louis Lounge Opens in STL's Terminal 2 – St. Louis Lambert International Airport" (Press release). St. Louis: St. Louis City Airports Commission. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
  97. ^ "AirNav: KSTL – St Louis Lambert International Airport". www.airnav.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  98. ^ "World's sky-high civilian air traffic control towers". wordpress.com. February 22, 2014. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  99. ^ "Lambert St. Louis Airport Control Tower, Bridgeton". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  100. ^ "MetroLink". Metrostlouis.org Site. April 8, 2019. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  101. ^ Brownlee Jr., Henry T. (February 2010). "Linking the Past to the Future" (PDF). Chicago: The Boeing Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 12, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  102. ^ "Many St. Louis Sites Significant in Black History: "Black Americans in Flight" Mural". St. Louis Convention & Visitors Commission. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  103. ^ Gooden, Christian (February 16, 2012). "Lambert rededicates its "Black Americans In Flight" mural". Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  104. ^ "Charles Lindbergh's Monocoupe – St. Louis, MO – Static Aircraft Displays". Groundspeak, Inc. December 15, 2008. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
  105. ^ "Lindbergh Monocoupe Exhibit Ending its Run at STL Airport". Lambert Airport. June 7, 2018. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  106. ^ Mullen, Robert; Smith, Sharon (Spring 2008). "Midnight Maintenance: Caring for Lindbergh's Monocoupe". Missouri History Museum. Archived from the original on April 19, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
  107. ^ "STL welcomes increased Air Canada service and routes this summer". stlouis-mo.gov. May 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  108. ^ "Air Canada reveals major US route changes for summer 2025". Inside Flyer. Retrieved November 24, 2024.
  109. ^ a b "Air Canada flight schedules". Air Canada. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
  110. ^ "STL welcomes increased Air Canada service and routes this summer". stlouis-mo.gov. May 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  111. ^ "Alaska Airlines expands winter travel options with 18 exciting new sun and ski routes". Alaska Airlines. July 10, 2024.
  112. ^ "Alaska Airlines flight timetable". alaskaair.com. Alaska Airlines. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
  113. ^ a b "American Airlines flight schedules and notifications". aa.com. American Airlines. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  114. ^ Zaretsky, Mark (March 20, 2024). "Avelo announces 3 new routes from Tweed New Haven Airport: Houston, St. Louis and Traverse City, Mich". New Haven Register. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  115. ^ "Destinations". Avelo Airlines. Archived from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  116. ^ a b "Flight schedules for Delta". Delta Air Lines. Archived from the original on June 21, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  117. ^ "Frontier Airlines Schedules Additional 8 Routes From June 2024". Aeroroutes. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  118. ^ "Frontier Airlines schedule". Frontier Airlines. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
  119. ^ "Timetable & flight status | Lufthansa". Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  120. ^ https://www.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-2000-7857-0313 [bare URL]
  121. ^ "Southern Route Map". Southern Airways Express. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  122. ^ "Southwest Airlines Extends Flight Schedule With New International Options And Most-Ever Departures". October 26, 2023. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  123. ^ a b "Southwest's Latest STL Schedule Update Expands/Resumes Routes". August 3, 2023. Archived from the original on August 4, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  124. ^ a b "Southwest Airlines to add West Coast stop from Lambert airport, more flights". Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  125. ^ "Southwest Flight schedules". Southwest Airlines. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  126. ^ "St. Louis Nearly Doubles its Nonstop Options with Spirit Airlines as Spirit Celebrates First Flight with Expansion Announcement" (Press release). Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  127. ^ "Sun Country Expands Minneapolis Network in NS23". Aeroroutes. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  128. ^ "Airline adding flights at Lambert Airport to key destination". KSDK. April 22, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  129. ^ a b "United Airlines timetable". United Airlines. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  130. ^ "ABX Air 3943 ✈ FlightAware". Flightaware.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  131. ^ a b "Bureau of Transportation Statistics – St. Louis International Airport". BTS. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  132. ^ "RITA – BTS – Transtats". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  133. ^ "Historical Passenger Activity at STL 1990-Present" (PDF). flystl.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
  134. ^ "December 2023 Final Air Traffic Activity Report for STL Airport" (PDF). flystl.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
  135. ^ "Accident description for NC16022 at aviation-safety.net". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
  136. ^ Accident description for NC17315 at the Aviation Safety Network
  137. ^ Bowers, Peter M., "Breezing Along with the Breeze", Wings, Granada Hills, California, December 1989, Volume 19, Number 6, p. 19.
  138. ^ Diehl, Alan E., PhD, "Silent Knights: Blowing the Whistle on Military Accidents and Their Cover-ups", Brassey's, Inc., Dulles, Virginia, 2002, Library of Congress card number 2001052726, ISBN 978-1-57488-412-8, pages 81–82.
  139. ^ Mesko, Jim (2002). FH Phantom/F2H Banshee in action. Carrollton, Texas, United States: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc. pp. 4–5. ISBN 0-89747-444-9.
  140. ^ Accident description for N53596 at the Aviation Safety Network
  141. ^ "Losing The Moon". St. Louis Magazine. May 2006. Archived from the original on March 19, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  142. ^ CriticalPast (May 6, 2014). "US Navy F-4J Phantom II aircraft takeoff and crash in St. Louis, Missouri; Fireme...HD Stock Footage". Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2019 – via YouTube.
  143. ^ "Accident report" (PDF). 1968. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  144. ^ St. Louis, MO Airliner Crashes On Landing, July 1973 | GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods Archived May 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. .gendisasters.com. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
  145. ^ Accident description for N280F at the Aviation Safety Network
  146. ^ "C-GSCA Accident Description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  147. ^ "F-4 crashes; no fatalities". UPI. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  148. ^ Aircraft Accident Report, Runway Collision Involving Trans World Airlines Flight 427 And Superior Aviation Cessna 441, Bridgeton, Missouri, November 22, 1994 (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. August 30, 1995. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
  149. ^ a b c Williams, Joe (December 11, 2009). "Clooney Was Here: St. Louis Locations in 'Up in the Air'". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on December 30, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
  150. ^ a b c d Dohack-McCrary, Caroline (March 13, 2011). "Missouri Boasts a Proud History of Being on the Silver Screen". Columbia Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
  151. ^ Williams, Joe (January 28, 2009). "Steven Soderbergh, Film Revolutionary". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
  152. ^ Rubin, Ann (December 12, 2008). "George Clooney to Film Next Movie in St. Louis". KSDK. Retrieved December 29, 2008.
  153. ^ "Official Information for the St. Louis film "Up in the Air"". Missouri Film Commission Project Hotline. January 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2009.
  154. ^ Reker, Bill (December 12, 2009). ""Up in the Air" Movie Opens: Lambert Airport Has Prominent Role". KMOX. Archived from the original on December 18, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
  155. ^ Fleming Jr., Mike (March 25, 2015). "Lea Michele, Kate Upton, William H. Macy Team For Road Trip Comedy 'The Layover'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lambert-St. Louis International Airport.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Louis_Lambert_International_Airport&oldid=1259421432"