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Las Piñas

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Las Piñas (Tagalog: [las ˈpiɲɐs], officially the City of Las Piñas (Filipino: Lungsod ng Las Piñas), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 606,293 people.[3]

Las Piñas
Highly urbanized city
Left to right from top: Las Piñas City Hall, Alabang–Zapote Road, Bamboo Organ, Plaza Rizal Las Piñas
Official seal of Las Piñas
Seal
Nickname: 
Home of the Bamboo Organ
Motto(s): 
Las Piñas, Our Home
Map of Metro Manila with Las Piñas highlighted
Map of Metro Manila with Las Piñas highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Las Piñas is located in Philippines
Las Piñas
Las Piñas
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°27′N 120°59′E / 14.45°N 120.98°E / 14.45; 120.98
CountryPhilippines
RegionNational Capital Region
Provincenone
District Lone district
Founded1762 or 1797
Annexation to ParañaqueOctober 12, 1903
CharteredMarch 27, 1907
Cityhood and HUCMarch 26, 1997
Barangays20 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • mayor of Las PiñasImelda Aguilar (NP)
 • Vice MayorApril T. Aguilar-Nery (NP)
 • RepresentativeCamille Lydia A. Villar (NP)
 • Councilors
List
 • Electorate291,074 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total
32.69 km2 (12.62 sq mi)
Elevation
25 m (82 ft)
Highest elevation
119 m (390 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total
606,293
 • Density19,000/km2 (48,000/sq mi)
 • Households
156,899
DemonymLas Piñero
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence
2.50
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 3,532 million (2020), 1,671 million (2012), 1,777 million (2013), 3,913 million (2014), 2,245 million (2015), 2,326 million (2016), 2,731 million (2017), 2,978 million (2018), 3,376 million (2019), 3,743 million (2021), 4,131 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 13,299 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 2,519 million (2020), 1,418 million (2012), 1,521 million (2013), 3,015 million (2014), 1,536 million (2015), 1,632 million (2016), 1,985 million (2017), 2,265 million (2018), 2,401 million (2019), 3,083 million (2021), 3,133 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 3,603 million (2020), 741.1 million (2012), 658.2 million (2013), 4,830 million (2014), 1,460 million (2015), 1,624 million (2016), 1,888 million (2017), 2,868 million (2018), 3,178 million (2019), 4,032 million (2021), 4,034 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityManila Electric Company (Meralco)
 • WaterMaynilad Water Services
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (PST)
PSGC
137601000
IDD : area code +63 (0)02
Native languagesTagalog
Websitewww.laspinascity.gov.ph

Las Piñas was sixth in MoneySense Philippines "Best Places To Live" report in 2008.[5] Attractions include Evia Lifestyle Center, SM Southmall, Robinsons Place Las Piñas and Las Piñas - Parañaque Wetland Park.

Etymology

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The story about the true origin of the city's name, "Las Piñas", varies. One version mentioned, that traders from the province of Cavite and Batangas shipped their first piñas (Spanish for pineapples) for sale to this town before they were distributed to nearby markets. Another version related that it was "Las Peñas" (the rocks), evident by the quarrying of stones and adobe which were used to construct buildings and bridges. The old church bell from St. Joseph Parish Church founded by Diego Cera has been preserved inside the church museum. An inscription on the bell states, "Siendo cura del pueblo de Laspeñas el M.R.P. Padre Diego Cera se fundió este equilón año de 1820," showing that even during the time of Diego Cera, the town's first parish priest, the town was called "Las Peñas", for some time and eventually was renamed "Las Piñas".[6]

History

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Production of sea salt by solar evaporation of water from the brine of the sea circa 1940

Spanish colonial era

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See also: Salt industry in Las Piñas

Las Piñas was one of the earliest fishing settlements on the shores of Manila Bay. It was proclaimed as a province of Manila either in 1762 or 1797. Agustin,[7] a Spanish historian, and Fr. Juan de Medina[8] placed it at 1762. Las Piñas was formerly called "Las Pilas" due to its separation from Parañaque due to tribal conflicts. On the other hand, Manuel Buzeta recorded the date at 1797.[9] Felix Timbang was the first gobernadorcillo in 1762, while Mariano Ortiz was the first municipal president of the town of Las Piñas.[10]

Las Piñas is famous for its Bamboo Organ, which was built by Fr. Diego Cera and completed in 1824. In 1880, the city experienced an outbreak of cholera and smallpox leading to the loss of many lives. Years later, Las Piñas also became a central battleground between Spanish and Philippine forces during the Philippine Revolution.[11]

The town of Las Piñas was also a major war theater during the 1896 Philippine Revolution, as it was occupied by forces of General Emilio Aguinaldo.

American invasion era

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In 1901, the municipality of Las Piñas, previously a part of the province of Manila, was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal pursuant to the Philippine Commission Act No. 137. On October 12, 1903, in accordance with Act No. 942, it was combined with the town of Parañaque, with the latter as the seat of a new municipal government.[12]

It was separated from Parañaque to become an independent municipality again on March 27, 1907, by virtue of Philippine Commission Act No. 1625.[13]

Japanese occupation era

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The town was occupied by the Japanese during World War II and liberated by the combined American and Filipino forces.

Philippine independence

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On November 7, 1975, through Presidential Decree No. 824, Las Piñas was excised from the province of Rizal to form Metro Manila. Las Piñas became one of the municipalities making up the region.[14]

In the 1980s, economic growth erupted due to the advent of the construction of Coastal Road. Las Piñas currently serves as the proper gateway to Calabarzon.[11]

In the 1990s, Las Piñas was known for its rampant illegal drug trade.[15][16] In an October 1989 privileged speech, Senator Ernesto F. Herrera shared the National Bureau of Investigation's findings that an estimated 40% of Las Piñas' police force was connected with a drug cartel.[17] In 1995, then-Councilor Yoyoy Villame criticized the town's image as the "Drug Capital of the Philippines",[18] while NCR Command Director Job Mayo alleged upon his appointment in early 1996 that the town's police force had the most drug-dependent police officers in the metropolis.[19]

Cityhood

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Further information: Cities of the Philippines

On February 12, 1997, President Fidel V. Ramos signed the bill which elevated Las Piñas from municipality into a city. A plebiscite held a month after approved the city status by its residents, and Las Piñas became the 10th city of Metro Manila on March 26, 1997.[20] It has been a city for 27 years.

2024 plebiscite and later events

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In 2023, the Sangguniang Panlungsod enacted City Ordinance No. 1941-23 Series of 2023 which sets the territorial boundaries of the 20 barangays Department of Environment and Natural Resources' based on the March 2015 Cadastre survey. Accordingly, the Commission on Elections scheduled the plebiscite for the Ordinance Ratification on June 29, 2024. It also set the gun control from May 28 until July 6, the alcohol ban on June 28 to 29, and the 20 barangays "pulong-pulong" from May 28 to June 27.[21][22]

On June 30, the Commission on Elections reported that 41,493 (67%) registered voters voted “yes” while 19,498 said “no” against City Ordinance No. 1941-23. The City Plebiscite Board of Canvassers proclaimed the ratification by the majority of the votes cast on June 29. However, voter turnout was only 61,237 or 20% of the 308,059 registered voters.[23]

Geography

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Las Piñas is bounded to the northeast by Parañaque; to the southeast by Muntinlupa; to the west by Bacoor; to the southwest by Dasmariñas; and to the northwest by Manila Bay. Half of its land area is residential and the remaining half is used for commercial, industrial and institutional purposes. The present physiography of Las Piñas consists of three zones: Manila Bay, coastal margin and the Guadalupe Plateau.

Climate

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Climate data for Las Piñas
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29
(84) 		30
(86) 		32
(90) 		34
(93) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		30
(87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21
(70) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		22
(72) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		23
(73)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10
(0.4) 		10
(0.4) 		12
(0.5) 		27
(1.1) 		94
(3.7) 		153
(6.0) 		206
(8.1) 		190
(7.5) 		179
(7.0) 		120
(4.7) 		54
(2.1) 		39
(1.5) 		1,094
(43)
Average rainy days 5.2 4.5 6.4 9.2 19.7 24.3 26.9 25.7 24.4 21.0 12.9 9.1 189.3
Source: Meteoblue[24]

Districts and barangays

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Las Piñas is politically subdivided into 20 barangays. These barangays are grouped into two legislative districts, each with its own set of representatives in the city council. District 1 comprises the northwestern half of the city while District 2, the remaining half.

 
Political map of Las Piñas
Barangays District Population[25]
(2020) 		Area (km2) Density[26] (/km2)

(2020)

Zip Code[27]
Almanza Uno 2nd 36,232 2.341 15,479 1748, 1750
Almanza Dos 2nd 37,432 4.849 7,720 1750, 1751
BF International Village 1st 81,739 2.394 34,150
Daniel Fajardo 1st 10,629 0.3204 33,170
Elias Aldana 1st 10,275 0.4077 25,205
Ilaya 1st 7,103 0.1404 50,591
Manuyo Uno 1st 14,794 1.095 13,511 1744
Manuyo Dos 1st 44,351 1.691 26,234 1744, 1745
Pamplona Uno 1st 19,085 0.8223 23,209
Pamplona Dos 2nd 9,141 1.127 8,113 1741
Pamplona Tres 1st 35,098 2.343 14,979 1740, 1746
Pilar 2nd 29,780 1.934 15,397
Pulang Lupa Uno 1st 38,405 1.428 26,888 1742
Pulang Lupa Dos 1st 32,485 1.989 16,333 1742
Talon Uno 1st 42,505 1.197 35,502 1747
Talon Dos 2nd 43,978 4.100 10,726 1747
Talon Tres 2nd 32,963 1.493 22,074 1747
Talon Kuatro 2nd 20,763 0.7103 29,233 1747, 1749
Talon Singko 2nd 38,684 1.764 21,933 1747
Zapote 1st 20,851 0.5971 34,920 1742

Demographics

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Population census of Las Piñas
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 2,762—    
1918 2,872+0.26%
1939 6,822+4.21%
1948 9,280+3.48%
1960 16,093+4.69%
1970 45,732+11.00%
1975 81,610+12.32%
1980 136,514+10.83%
1990 297,102+8.09%
1995 413,086+6.37%
2000 472,780+2.94%
2007 532,330+1.65%
2010 552,573+1.37%
2015 588,894+1.22%
2020 606,293+0.57%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[28][29][30][31]

Language

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The native language of Las Piñas is Tagalog, but the majority of the residents understand and speak English.

Religion

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See also: Religion in the Philippines and List of Roman Catholic churches in Metro Manila

People in Las Piñas are mainly Roman Catholic. Catholic churches in Las Piñas fall under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Parañaque. Las Piñas is home of the 2 prominent pilgrim Catholic Shrine: Diocesan Shrine of St. Joseph Parish and Diocesan Shrine of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ.

Other religions in Las Piñas include Members Church of God International (MCGI)[32] various Protestant denominations, Jehovah's Witnesses, Iglesia ni Cristo, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam.

Economy

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Coconout livelihood

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Coconut shells and husks, which were discarded by coconut vendors, previously blocked the rivers of Las Piñas and Zapote. Currently, coco coir nets are being utilized for lining the riverbanks.

This efficient natural alternative for flood prevention is 80% more cost-effective than traditional riprap techniques such as cement and stone and is also effective for stopping soil erosion.

Like a beehive comb, the net is woven to create openings for plant growth within the cells, allowing their long roots to help secure the soil. The coco coir net is more resistant to sun and water damage compared to plastic nets, making it more durable. Additionally, it is eco-friendly because the material breaks down gradually into tiny pieces that enrich the soil.

Additional applications for coir fiber involve utilizing it as a potting material for horticulture purposes, in hydroponic systems, and for managing erosion.

The different ways in which it is used have led to a higher need for the coconet, providing a means of income for several Las Piñas locals who turn coconut husks into nets through weaving.

The Las Piñas city officials have given out twining and weaving tools and offered electrical assistance to its residents who have turned coconet weaving into their personal family venture. [33]

Salt-making industry

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Main article: Salt industry in Las Piñas

During the 18th century, the fishing village of Las Piñas adopted salt-making techniques with the use of solar dry beds. Over the years, numerous hectares encircling the ancient town were transformed into salt beds named "irasan".

Afterwards, clay tiles or gibak were transported from as distant as Vigan to cover the salt beds. This kept the salt from touching the ground, resulting in the salt turning as white as snow and making Las Piñas known as a hub for salt production.

At the time of harvesting, Las Piñas was adorned with small white crystal pyramids. The salt was sorted and categorized into tertia, segunda, and primera grades.

Tertia salt was the darkest in color and had the highest amount of impurities. Dry ice was combined with this salt to keep ice cream fresh.

Segunda salt was utilized for the purpose of preserving fresh fish. Navotas and Malabon were the primary purchasers of segunda salt among the wholesale seafood trading communities.

However, Las Piñas was renowned for its high-quality salt, also known as primera, rumored to be as white as snow. The initial batch of salt was delivered to every public market in Manila and utilized to enhance the taste of gourmet meals.

The bay area's restoration and the resulting Coastal Road construction caused interference with salt production. The dredging and construction activities hindered fishermen from venturing out to the ocean. Most of the salt being produced started entering the cheaper segunda and tertia categories. Salt that was brought in from countries such as China and India was available for purchase at reduced costs. The salt production industry in Las Piñas has come to an end and is now just a reminiscence of the past.

In 2005, an Irasan Center was constructed where visitors could view a salt bed demonstration in commemoration of Las Piñas’ once much celebrated industry.[34]

Poverty incidence of Las Piñas

1
2
3
4
2006
3.90
2009
2.75
2012
1.37
2015
2.92
2018
1.69
2021
2.50

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]

Government

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Las Piñas City Hall

Local government

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Further information: Sangguniang Panlungsod

Las Piñas, like other cities of the Philippines, is a local government unit whose powers and functions are specified by the Local Government Code of the Philippines. In general, as a city, Las Piñas is headed by a mayor who heads the city's executive function and the vice mayor who heads the city's legislative function, which is composed of twelve councilors, six each from the city's two city council districts.[43] For representation, the city is considered as one district, and therefore one representative, in the country's House of Representatives.

Additionally, like other cities and municipalities, Las Piñas is subdivided into barangays.

List of mayors

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Main article: Mayor of Las Piñas

Education

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There are a total of 14 colleges, 21 private high schools, 18 public high schools, and 22 elementary schools that were built to accommodate the growing number of the enrollees every year.

To date, there are 77 day care centers with feeding programs in 20 barangays within Las Piñas.

Colleges

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Public high schools

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  • Las Piñas City National Science High School
  • Las Piñas National High School - Almanza Uno
  • Las Piñas East National High School - Verdant
  • Equitable Village National High School (formerly Las Piñas East National High School - Equitable Village Annex II)
  • Talon Village National High School (formerly Las Piñas East National High School - Talon Village Annex II)
  • Las Piñas North National High School- Vergonville Subd., PulanLupa Dos
  • Las Piñas National High School – Gatchalian Annex
  • Las Piñas City Technical-Vocational High School (formerly Rizal Experimental Station and Pilot School of Cottage Industries – Las Piñas)
  • Las Piñas City National Senior High School – Doña Josefa Campus
  • Las Piñas City National Senior High School – Talon Dos Campus
  • Las Piñas City National Senior High School – CAA Campus
  • Las Piñas City National Senior High School – Manuyo Campus
  • Las Piñas National High School – Senior High School
  • CAA National High School - Main
  • CAA National High School – Annex
  • Golden Acres National High School
  • Las Piñas North National High School
  • Lydia Aguilar National High School (T.S. Cruz High School)

Private high schools

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  • Academy of Jesus
  • Almanza Baptist Christian Academy
  • Augustinian Abbey School
  • Blessed Trinity School of Las Piñas
  • Bloomfield Academy Center for Science and Technology
  • Bethany School of Las Piñas
  • Camella Homes Montessori Child Development Center
  • Camella School INC
  • Centro Escolar Las Piñas
  • Don Carlo Cavina School
  • Divine Light Academy
  • Holy Rosary Academy of Las Piñas City
  • Saint Joseph's Academy
  • St. Rose of Lima (Las Piñas) School Inc.
  • St. Michael's School, Inc.
  • Sto. Niño De Eucharistia Academy
  • St. Therese School
  • Schola de Vita, Inc.
  • Southville International School and Colleges
  • Elizabeth Seton School
  • Young Achievers International School
  • Westfield Science-Oriented School and Colleges[44]
  • APEC Schools (Affordable Private Education Center)[45]
  • Father Angelico Lipani School- Annex
  • Merry Treasure School
  • Mary Immaculate Parish Special School
  • Operation Brotherhood Montessori Center
  • Our Lady of the Pilar Montessori Center
  • Montessori De Manila

Healthcare

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Free hospitalisation via Green Card

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Each legitimate inhabitant is eligible for complimentary medical care valued at PhP 30,000 supported by the municipal administration. The hospitalization plan covers small surgeries and stays approved at Las Piñas Doctors Hospital, San Juan De Dios Hospital, and Philippine General Hospital and Medical Center. This is in addition to being able to receive free medical and dental care at 30 state-of-the-art health centers in the city. The Las Piñas Maternity Clinic provides superior maternal and child health care for mothers and their children.

The Green Card Program started in 2000 and currently has over 80,000 Green Card holders. It has greatly helped in making health care more accessible to the city's residents and improving their overall quality of life.

The city government's prioritization of health care, which includes improving health facilities and implementing sustainable health programs, was acknowledged by the Department of Health (DOH) with the Sentrong Sigla Award. [46]

See also: List of hospitals in Metro Manila

Transportation

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Railway

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Las Piñas is part of the route of the extension of the LRT Line 1, the South Extension Project.[47] The actual construction officially started on Tuesday, May 7, 2019[48] because the Right-of-way is "free and clear" from obstructions. Once it is fully operational, Las Piñas will be served by the LRT Line 1 through the Las Piñas station and Zapote station.[47]

As of April 30, 2024, phase 1 is 98.2% complete. Department of Transportation Executive Assistant Jonathan Gesmundo announced the construction of 8 additional stations to the current 20 LRT-1 stations with operations of LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1 are expected by mid-November 2024. Meanwhile, phases 2 and 3 will begin operations by 2031.

Road network

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Map of Las Piñas
 
Alabang-Zapote Road (N411) in 2011. The road continually suffers from perennial traffic congestion resulting from increasing traffic.

The road network of Las Piñas are radial in nature, and primarily relies on the Alabang–Zapote Road (N411), which serves as the city's road network backbone. The Manila-Cavite Expressway (formerly Coastal Road, and numbered E3), a toll expressway serves as the major traffic route towards Manila. Daang Hari, which hugs near the boundary with Muntinlupa, and the Aguinaldo Highway (N62) are the major traffic routes toward Cavite. The Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway (MCX), which leads to South Luzon Expressway, supplements Daang Hari as an alternative to the congested Alabang-Zapote Road over Alabang and Ayala Alabang in Muntinlupa.

The road network in Las Piñas suffers from traffic jams, especially on the primary artery, Alabang-Zapote Road, which carried more than 70,000 vehicles daily as of 2016. Public transport, like buses and jeepneys, fill up Alabang-Zapote Road, therefore causing further congestion. The city government petitioned the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) to suspend issuing of franchises on bus and jeepneys routes that uses Alabang-Zapote Road.

The Las Piñas Friendship Route network serves as the alternate routes on the congested routes, but motorists have to obtain and display a sticker on their vehicle to use these routes, as most roads of the network are located in privately owned subdivisions (gated communities), like BF Homes, Pilar Village, and BF Resort.

Public transport

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Jeepneys and buses form the major public transport system, and most of their routes follow the Alabang-Zapote Road. Most jeepneys through Las Piñas travel between Alabang and Zapote, within the city, or Baclaran, in Parañaque. Buses usually form routes between Alabang or SM Southmall and destinations in Manila. Buses and jeepneys are blamed for the worsening congestion on Alabang-Zapote Road.

Culture

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See also: List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila
 
Saint Joseph Parish Church
 
Las Piñas Bamboo Organ located inside Parish Church of St. Joseph

On February 22, 1995, then President Fidel V. Ramos signed Republic Act 8003 into a law – declaring Las Piñas Church and Bamboo Organ, Las Piñas Bridge, Asinan Area, Father Diego Cera Bridge, and Old District Hospital as tourist spots of Las Piñas.[49][50]

Las Piñas is famous for its Bamboo Organ located inside the St. Joseph Parish Church in the old district of the city. Built in 1824 by a Catholic priest, Fr. Diego Cera, it is the only organ of its kind in the world with organ pipes mostly made out of bamboo.

Las Piñas is also the home of the only church dedicated to the Five Wounds of Jesus Christ in the Philippines and in Asia. The Diocesan Shrine of the Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the first Diocesan Shrine in Las Piñas is located in District 2 of the City.

Las Piñas Historical Corridor

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The Las Piñas Historical Corridor Project was a program laid to restore the Old Town of Las Piñas. It was launched at the Malacañan Heroes' Hall on November 13, 1997. The project aims to educate the people of Las Piñas along the tourist corridor.[49]

Las Piñas Town Fiesta

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The town fiesta of Las Piñas is celebrated every first Sunday of May each year to honor its patron saint, Saint Joseph. Saint Joseph's Day celebration is centered in St. Joseph Parish Church in the old poblacion of Las Piñas in Barangay Daniel Fajardo on Padre Diego Cera Ave. (Quirino Ave.). Las Piñas was also the home of Mary Immaculate Parish Church, popularly known as the Nature Church, designed by Architect Francisco "Bobby" Mañosa.[51]

Las Piñas is also home to unique festivals such as:

  • International Bamboo Organ Festival – a music festival held in February celebrating the music of the unique Bamboo Organ with performances by local and foreign classical artists[52]
  • Waterlily Festival – every July 27[53]
  • "Parol" or Lantern Festival – celebrated during Christmas season[54]
  • Las Piñas Historical Festival – celebrated every March to commemorate significant historical events that happened in the city

Notable personalities

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See also: List of people from Metro Manila

Sister cities

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Local

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International

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See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^  City of Las Piñas | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  5. ^ moneysense (April 1, 2008). "Best places to live". MoneySense Philippines. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  6. ^ Pransism (2011-11). "Las Piñas (St. Joseph Church): Home of the Bamboo Organ". Back Trails. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  7. ^ Cavada y Méndez de Vigo, Agustín de la (1876). Historia geográfica, geológica y estadiśtica de Filipinas. Con datos geográficos, geológicos y estadiśticos de las islas de Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao y Joló; y los que corresponden a las islas Batanes, Calamianes, Balabac, Mindoro, Masbate, Ticao y Burias, situadas al n. so. y s. de Luzon (PDF). Manila: Imp. de Ramirez y Giraudier.
  8. ^ de Medina, Juan S. (1893). Historia de los sucesos de la Orden de N. gran P. S. Agustín, de estas Islas Filipinas... / compuesta por el venerable Fray Juan de Medina. Sucesos que los religiosos de la Orden de N. P. S. Agustín han tenido en las Islas Filipinas... / compuesta por el Padre Pedro del Viva. Manila: Tipo-Litografía de Chofré y Comp. p. 486.
  9. ^ Buzeta, Manuel (1851). Diccionario geográfico, estadístico, histórico de las Islas Filipinas ... / por Manuel Buzeta y Felipe Bravo. Madrid: Imprenta de José C. de la Peña.
  10. ^ Salonga, Isayas R. (1934). Rizal Province Directory: History, Government and General Information with the Full Text of the Philippine Independence Law, Volume One. General Printing Press.
  11. ^ a b "A Brief History of Las Pinas". Alabang Bulletin. May 31, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  12. ^ An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen (942). October 12, 1903. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
  13. ^ 1625. March 27, 1907. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
  14. ^ Presidential Decree No. 824 (November 7, 1975), Creating The Metropolitan Manila And The Metropolitan Manila Commission And For Other Purposes, retrieved June 5, 2022
  15. ^ Evangelista, R. A. (September 25, 1994). "Narcs arrest six drug dealers". Manila Standard. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 7. Retrieved December 6, 2022. Las Piñas town became known as the drug trade center in Metro Manila...
  16. ^ Burdeos, B. (January 20, 1996). "Navarro relieves 2 officers". Manila Standard. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 14. Retrieved July 5, 2022. Bocalvos' relief, according to Navarro, was due to the DEU's failure to arrest any suspected drug pusher for the past several months despite persistent reports that drug-related activities are rampant in Las Piñas.
  17. ^ Herrera, Ernesto F. (July 1, 1990). "Extent of the drug problem in Metro Manila". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 6. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  18. ^ "Yoyoy vows to lead anti-drug campaign". Manila Standard. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. April 29, 1995. p. 16. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
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  38. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
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  40. ^ Error: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. Technical details:
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