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Last Mountain Lake

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Last Mountain Lake,[3] also known as Long Lake, is a prairie lake formed from glaciation 11,000 years ago. It is located in south central Saskatchewan, Canada, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-west of the city of Regina. It flows into the Qu'Appelle River via Last Mountain Creek,[4] which flows past Craven. It is approximately 93 km (58 mi) long, and 3 km (1.9 mi) across at its widest point. It is the largest naturally occurring body of water in southern Saskatchewan. Only Lake Diefenbaker, which is man-made, is larger. The lake is a popular resort area for residents of south-eastern Saskatchewan.[5]

Last Mountain Lake
Image of Last Mountain Lake
Last Mountain Lake
Last Mountain Lake is located in Saskatchewan
Last Mountain Lake
Last Mountain Lake
Location in Saskatchewan
Last Mountain Lake is located in Canada
Last Mountain Lake
Last Mountain Lake
Last Mountain Lake (Canada)
Location Saskatchewan
Coordinates51°10′N 105°15′W / 51.167°N 105.250°W / 51.167; -105.250
Lake typePrairie lake
Primary inflowsLanigan Creek, Lewis Creek, Arm River
Primary outflowsLast Mountain Creek
Basin countries Canada
Max. length93 km (58 mi)
Max. width3 km (1.9 mi)
Surface area215 km2 (83 sq mi)[1]
Average depth35 m (115 ft)
Max. depth40 m (130 ft)
Surface elevation490 m (1,610 ft)
Islands
  • Bird Island
  • Royal Island
SettlementsRegina Beach, Saskatchewan Beach, Wee Too Beach, Buena Vista
Designated24 May 1982
Reference no.239[2]

History

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In the late 1800s, access to the area for farming and settlement was opened up by the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Company which also operated steamships on the lake.[6]

Last Mountain Lake is named in honour of a Plains Cree legend about the Great Spirit shovelling dirt from the valley the lake now occupies and forming Last Mountain Hills, east of Duval and Strasbourg.

Last Mountain House

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Main article: Last Mountain House Provincial Park

"Last Mountain House" was a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) trading post from 1869 to 1871. It was a branch of Fort Qu'Appelle 75 kilometres (47 mi) east and was about 85 kilometres (53 mi) south-west of Touchwood Hills Post. It was founded in part to compete with the increasing number of independent traders in the area and because the buffalo had moved south from Touchwood Hills. Some time after the second season the post was completely destroyed by fire and was not rebuilt. The House was located on the east side of Last Mountain Lake, about 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) north of the lake's outlet, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north-west of Craven, and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-west of Regina. The area is now part of Last Mountain House Provincial Park[7] and on the Canadian Register of Historic Places.[8]

Geographical features

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NASA satellite image of Last Mountain Lake

Several creeks and rivers flow into the lake, including Arm River, Lewis Creek, and Lanigan Creek. Last Mountain Creek flows out of the lake at the southern most point and into the Qu'Appelle River. During years in which the Qu'Appelle River's level is high, the Last Mountain Creek can reverse direction and flow back into Last Mountain Lake.[9] The gates at Craven Dam on the Qu'Appelle River can be opened or closed for water level control measures. When they're closed, it can backflood water up Last Mountain Creek and into Last Mountain Lake.[10]

Named islands at the northern end of the lake include Royal Island, Bird Island, and Coney Island.[11]

Near the southern end, on the west side of the lake, is Little Arm Bay, which the Arm River flows into. Directly across from the bay is Pelican Point.[12] The community of Pelican Pointe is located there.[13]

Last Mountain Lake Sub-basin

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The Qu'Appelle River watershed is divided into two main basins, the Wascana & Upper Qu’Appelle Watersheds and the Lower Qu'Appelle Watershed. Craven Dam at the village of Craven is the dividing point between the upper and lower watersheds of the Qu'Appelle River. The upper watershed is divided into four sub-basins and the Moose Jaw River Watershed,[14] of which Last Mountain Lake Sub-basin is one. The other three sub-basins include Lanigan-Manitou Sub-basin, Wascana Creek Sub-basin, and Upper Qu’Appelle Sub-basin. Last Mountain Lake Sub-basin includes all the land that drains into the lake from the east and west sides of the lake, including Arm River and Lewis Creek. Lanigan Creek at the north end is part of the Lanigan-Manitou Sub-basin and Last Mountain Creek at the south end is part of the Upper Qu’Appelle Sub-basin. The total size of all four sub-basins and the Moose Jaw River Watershed combined is 23,443 km2 (9,051 sq mi).[15]

Communities

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Glen Harbour, Last Mountain Lake pre-1910

Eight different rural municipalities border at least part of the lake. Clock-wise from the north, RMs include Wreford, Last Mountain Valley, McKillop, Longlaketon, Lumsden, Dufferin, Sarnia, and Big Arm.

Resort communities such as Kannata Valley, Arlington Beach, Grandview Beach, Eldora Beach, Regina Beach, Saskatchewan Beach, Buena Vista, Glen Harbour, Alice Beach, Wee Too Beach, Alta Vista, Colesdale Park, Spring Bay, Pelican Pointe, Sunset Cove, Island View, Sorensen Beach, Etters Beach, Mohr's Beach, North Colesdale Park, and Sarnia Beach are on the shores of the lake.[16]

Beside Regina Beach, around Little Arm Bay, is Last Mountain Lake 80A Indian reserve.[17]

Parks and recreation

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Camping on Last Mountain Lake pre-1910

About 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the town of Strasbourg, along the lake's eastern shore, lies Rowan's Ravine Provincial Park. This park includes a marina, a full-service campground, restaurant, mini-golf, beach, and an outfitters. The beach is along a point and is one of Saskatchewan's longest, natural sand beaches. The marina there is often used by recreational boaters travelling from Regina Beach as a stop-over or refuelling point and large fishing tournament called Last Mountain Fall Walleye Classic is held there every September.[18] Last Mountain House Provincial Park is located on the south-east shore and provides tours of historical the Last Mountain House, which was built by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869.

At the northern end of the lake, on the eastern shore is Last Mountain Regional Park. The park offers camping, swimming, and golf. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Govan, off Highway 20.

At the southern end of the lake, where Last Mountain Creek starts, is the Valeport Recreation Site and Valeport Marsh. The area is protected by a 900-acre conservation project called Valeport Wildlife Management Area Trails.[19] It is in conjunction with Ducks Unlimited and part of the Valeport Marsh (SK 061) Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada. Along the west side of the Management Area is a Nature Conservancy of Canada property called Big Valley. Big Valley is protected and managed for bird and wildlife habitat.[20]

The United Church of Canada's Lumsden Beach Camp is "[a] short drive from Regina, ... hugging the south shore of Last Mountain Lake." Founded in 1905, it is the oldest summer camp in Western Canada.[21]

Last Mountain Lake Bird Sanctuary

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Main article: Last Mountain Lake Bird Sanctuary

The Last Mountain Lake Bird Sanctuary, the first federal bird sanctuary in North America, was established here in 1887. As the first such wildlife reserve of this kind on the continent, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1987.[22] Over 280 bird species have been recorded. The lake contains appropriate habitat for nine of Canada's 36 species of vulnerable, threatened and endangered birds, such as the peregrine falcon, piping plover, burrowing owl, and whooping crane.

The northern end of the lake is very shallow and contains wetlands. Part of this area of the lake and surrounding area has been set aside as the Last Mountain Lake National Wildlife Area,[23] which is a site of regional importance in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network.[24][25]

Fish species

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The lake contains a host of fish species including walleye, yellow perch, northern pike, burbot, lake whitefish, cisco, bigmouth buffalo, white sucker, and common carp.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Last Mountain Lake". Angler's Atlas. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Last Mountain Lake". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  3. ^ Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. "Place names - Last Mountain Lake". www4.rncan.gc.ca.
  4. ^ Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. "Place names - Last Mountain Creek". www4.rncan.gc.ca.
  5. ^ Lewry, Marilyn. "Last Mountain Lake". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. University of Regina. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  6. ^ "A History of Regina in Photographs". Regina Public Library. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  7. ^ "Last Mountain House Provincial Historic Park". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  8. ^ "Last Mountain House Provincial Park". Canada's Historic Places. Parks Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  9. ^ "WSA working to raise low water levels in Last Mountain Lake ahead of summer | Globalnews.ca".
  10. ^ Foster, Scott. "Water diverted to Last Mountain". Reginacity. Regina Leader Post. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  11. ^ Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. "Place names - Coney Island". www4.rncan.gc.ca.
  12. ^ Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. "Place names - Pelican Point". www4.rncan.gc.ca.
  13. ^ Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. "Place names - Pelican Pointe". www4.rncan.gc.ca.
  14. ^ "Our Watershed". Moose Jaw River Watershed Stewards. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  15. ^ "Our Watershed". WUQWATR. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  16. ^ "Atlas of Canada Toporama". Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  17. ^ Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. "Place names - Last Mountain Lake 80A". www4.rncan.gc.ca.
  18. ^ "Fishing Events | Tourism Saskatchewan".
  19. ^ "Valeport Wildlife Management Area Trails". Tourism Saskatchewan. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Valeport Marsh Craven Saskatchewan". IBA Canada. Birds Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  21. ^ "Welcome". Lumsden Beach Camp. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  22. ^ Last Mountain Lake Bird Sanctuary. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  23. ^ "Last Mountain Lake National Wildlife Area". Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Government of Canada. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  24. ^ "Saskatchewan's Environmental Champions (Last Mountain Lake Bird Sanctuary)". Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  25. ^ "Last Mountain Lake National Wildlife Area: Site Description". Manomet Center For Conservation Sciences. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  • Elizabeth Browne Losey, Let Them be Remembered: The Story of the Fur Trade Forts, 1999, pages 668-672
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