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The Estonian Song Festival (in Estonian: Eesti Üldlaulupidu, or simply laulupidu)[1] held since 1869, is one of the largest choral events in the world, a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.[2] It is held every five years in July, and starting from 1928 always on the same designated site: the Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) in Kadriorg, Tallinn.[3] The joint choir has comprised more than 30,000 singers performing to an audience of 80,000.[3][4]
| Estonian Song Festival Üldlaulupidu | |
|---|---|
.jpg) A moment before the opening of the 25th Estonian Song Festival (2009) | |
| Genre | Choral festival |
| Date(s) | July |
| Frequency | Five-year |
| Venue | Tallinn Song Festival Grounds |
| Location(s) | Tallinn, Estonia |
| Inaugurated | 1869 |
| Website | https://www.laulupidu.ee |
| Baltic song and dance celebrations | |
|---|---|
| Country | Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania |
| Reference | 00087 |
| Region | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2008 (3rd session) |
| List | Representative |
History
editThe tradition of the song festival was born along with Estonian national awakening. The first national song festival was held in Tartu in the summer of 1869.[3] One of the organisers of the first song festival was Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In the first three festivals only men's choirs and brass orchestras participated. 822 singers and 56 brass players participated in the first festival. Starting with the fourth festival, mixed choirs were also participating. Starting with the sixth festival in 1896, the festival tradition moved to Tallinn.
The Dance and Gymnastic Festival (part of the first Estonian Games held in 1934) was the predecessor of subsequent Estonian Dance Festivals which are now held, by tradition, at the same time with the Song Festival in Tallinn.[5]
During all the Song Festivals from 1947 to 1985, the Soviet occupation authorities forced Soviet and communist songs into the repertoire. For example, it was mandatory in all events to perform the state anthems of USSR and Estonian SSR, The Internationale, along with songs mandatorily glorifying the Soviet Communist Party and its leaders Lenin and Stalin.[3] Because of the inclusion of children's and boys' choirs the total number of participants rose to 25,000 – 30,000 people.
Since 1990, almost every Song Festival has featured famous Estonian songs "Mu isamaa on minu arm", "Ta lendab mesipuu poole", and the national anthem "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm".
In 2019, the number of visitors to the song festival reached its maximum. Nearly 60,000 tickets were sold from the pre-sale for the XXVII song festival "Minu arm"("My love") concert, and together with the 35,000 singers and musicians participating, a situation had been reached where the pre-sale of tickets was suspended by the decision of the organizers for the safety and security of people.
List of Song Festivals
edit| Song Festival | Year | Place | Choirs | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I Song Festival | 1869 | Tartu | 51 | 845 |
| II Song Festival | 1879 | Tartu | 64 | 1,272 |
| III Song Festival | 1880 | Tallinn | 48 | 782 |
| IV Song Festival | 1891 | Tartu | 179 | 2,700 |
| V Song Festival | 1894 | Tartu | 263 | 3,951 |
| VI Song Festival | 1896 | Tallinn | 410 | 5,681 |
| VII Song Festival | 1910 | Tallinn | 527 | 10,000 |
| VIII Song Festival | 1923 | Tallinn | 386 | 10,562 |
| IX Song Festival | 1928 | Tallinn | 436 | 15,049 |
| X Song Festival | 1933 | Tallinn | 500 | 16,500 |
| XI Song Festival | 1938 | Tallinn | 569 | 17,501 |
| XII Song Festival | 1947 | Tallinn | 703 | 25,760 |
| XIII Song Festival | 1950 | Tallinn | 1,106 | 31,907 |
| XIV Song Festival | 1955 | Tallinn | 893 | 30,321 |
| XV Song Festival | 1960 | Tallinn | 875 | 29,273 |
| XVI Song Festival | 1965 | Tallinn | 690 | 25,806 |
| XVII Song Festival | 1969 | Tallinn | 771 | 30,230 |
| XVIII Song Festival | 1975 | Tallinn | 641 | 28,537 |
| XIX Song Festival | 1980 | Tallinn | 627 | 28,969 |
| XX Song Festival | 1985 | Tallinn | 677 | 26,437 |
| XXI Song Festival | 1990 | Tallinn | 690 | 28,922 |
| XXII Song Festival | 1994 | Tallinn | 811 | 25,802 |
| XXIII Song Festival | 1999 | Tallinn | 856 | 24,875 |
| XXIV Song Festival | 2004 | Tallinn | 850 | 22,759 |
| XXV Song Festival | 2009 | Tallinn | 864 | 26,430 |
| XXVI Song Festival | 2014 | Tallinn | 1,046[7] | 33,025[7] |
| XXVII Song Festival | 2019 | Tallinn | 1,020 | 32,302 |
| XXVIII Song Festival | 2025 | Tallinn | N/A | N/A |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Estonian pronunciation: [ˈlɑu.luˈpi.du]
- ^ "Estonian song and dance celebration". VisitEstonia.com. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d Estonian Song and Dance Celebrations Estonian Song and Dance Celebration Foundation
- ^ Lauluväljakul oli teisel kontserdil 110 000 inimest (110,000 people in the Song Festival Grounds during the second concert. In Estonian). Delfi
- ^ Dance Festival – Invented Tradition? Archived 10 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine by Marika Plakso. Estonian Institute
- ^ "Peod aastani 2029" (in Estonian). Laulu- ja Tantsupeo SA. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
- ^ a b Uudiskirjad Archived 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Eesti Laulu- ja Tantsupeo SA.
External links
edit
- Official web site
- Cultural identity, nationalism and changes in singing traditions by Kristin Kuutma
- The Estonian song festival: a chameleon strategy by Evi Arujärv
- Estonian Punk Song Festival Archived 8 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine
- To Breathe As One, video about the event
- QTVR fullscreen panoramas of the Estonian Song Festival