Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman Rockefeller (September 9, 1839 – March 12, 1915)[1] was an American abolitionist, philanthropist, school teacher, and prominent member of the Rockefeller family. Her husband was Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller. Spelman College in Atlanta and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial were named for her.[2]
Laura Spelman Rockefeller | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Laura Celestia Spelman September 9, 1839 Wadsworth, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | March 12, 1915 (aged 75) |
| Resting place | Lake View Cemetery Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Elizabeth, Alice, Alta, Edith, and John Jr. |
| Relatives | See Rockefeller family |
Early life
editLaura Celestia Spelman was born in Wadsworth, Ohio to Puritan descendant Harvey Buell Spelman (1811–1881) and Lucy Henry (1818–1897), Yankees who had moved to Ohio from Massachusetts. Laura's maternal step-grandmother, as well as her two aunts, were members of the Yale family, relatives of inventor Caroline Ardelia Yale.[3][4]
Laura's father Harvey was an abolitionist who was active in the Congregationalist Church, the Underground Railroad, and in politics. The Spelmans eventually moved to Cleveland. Laura had an elder adopted sister, Lucy Maria "Lute" Spelman (c. 1837–1920).[5] Laura was the valedictorian of her graduating class at Central High School in Cleveland at the age of 14.[6]
Personal life and career
editIn Cleveland, Lute and Laura Spelman met John Davison Rockefeller while attending accounting classes together. He was the eldest son of William Avery "Bill" Rockefeller (1810–1906) and Eliza Davison (1813–1889).[7]
Laura Spelman later attended Oread Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts and planned to become a schoolteacher. After moving to Ohio to teach, she married John Rockefeller in 1864. After the wedding, Spelman remained active in the church (she joined Rockefeller's congregation, the Northern Baptists) and with her family. As the family business, Standard Oil, began to thrive, she further devoted her time to philanthropy and her children.[8]
They were the parents of five children:
- Elizabeth ("Bessie") (August 23, 1866 – November 14, 1906),
- Alice (July 14, 1869 – August 20, 1870),
- Alta (April 12, 1871 – June 21, 1962),
- Edith (August 31, 1872 – August 25, 1932), and
- John Jr. (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960).[9]
Throughout their lives, the Rockefeller family continued to donate ten percent of their income to charity, including substantial donations to Spelman College, founded to educate Black women.[2] Laura Spelman Rockefeller died on March 12, 1915, at 75 of a heart attack, at the family estate Kykuit in Pocantico Hills, New York near the Hudson River.[1][10]
Legacy
editJohn D. Rockefeller established the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund. He donated large amounts to the fund and charitable organizations then shifted his focus to giving to social sciences.[11] Spelman College was named after Laura Spelman Rockefeller due to her significant financial contribution to the institution. Throughout her life, she was dedicated to social and educational causes, particularly for women and African Americans.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Mrs. Rockefeller Dies at Pocantico: Succumbs to Heart Attack After Taking a Glass of Milk from Her Nurse. Mr. Rockefeller in South: Expected to Arrive Here Today with Son – Oil Man Attributed His Success to Wife" (PDF). The New York Times. March 13, 1915. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
- ^ a b Klein, Maury (April 11, 2003). The Change Makers: From Carnegie to Gates, How the Great Entrepreneurs Transformed Ideas Into Industries. Macmillan. p. 248. ISBN 9780805069143. Retrieved March 3, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Rodney Horace Yale (1908). "Yale Genealogy and History of Wales". Milburn & Scott Company. pp. 195–282–283.
- ^ Henry genealogy : the descendants of Samuel Henry of Hadley and Amhers, Mass, Press of T.R. Marvin & Son, Boston, 1915, p. 74-75
- ^ "Lucy Maria Spelman | Sister-in-Law of John D. Rockefeller Dies at Pocantico Hills" (PDF). The New York Times. February 9, 1920. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
- ^ "Laura Spelman Rockefeller 1839-1915" (PDF). New York City Trust. May 2009. p. 2. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
...Miss Laura Celestia Spelman took her place on the stage of the Cleveland, Ohio, Central High School and delivered the valedictory address.
- ^ Segall, Grant (February 8, 2001). John D. Rockefeller: Anointed with Oil. Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780195121476. Retrieved March 3, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Stasz, Clarice. The Rockefeller Women: Dynasty of Piety, Privacy, and Service. New York: St. Martin's Press. (1995).
- ^ "J.D. Rockefeller Jr. Dead at Age of 86; Philanthropist Who Made Career of Giving Millions Succumbs in Tucson" (PDF). The New York Times. May 12, 1960. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
- ^ "Mrs. Rockefeller Leaves $1,500,000 Will Bequeathes $450,000 to Relatives and Remainder to Seven Institutions. Many Legacies of Jewels Husband, Son, and Daughter, as Trustees and Executors, to Apportion Gifts to Charity" (PDF). The New York Times. April 18, 1915. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
- ^ "Legitimizing the Social Sciences: The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial in the 1920s".