Layla Al-Attar (Arabic: ليلى العطار; May 7, 1944 – June 27, 1993) was an Iraqi artist and painter who became the Director of the Iraqi National Art Museum. Through her art, al-Attar expressed ideals that attempted to recognize the importance of women in all spheres of society.[1] She said of her work, "I am trying to bring into the society the role of women, the dignity of their existence, and their humanity by means of lines blended with waves of color, sincere feelings, and true wishes ..."[2]
Layla Al-Attar | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | May 7, 1944 |
| Died | June 27, 1993 (aged 49) Baghdad, Iraq |
Life and career
editAl-Attar graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Baghdad in 1965, and was among the first female graduates from that program. She became the Director of the Center for National Art (now the Iraqi Museum of Modern Art), a post she held until her death in 1993.[3]
Al-Attar held five one-woman shows in Iraq, and took part in all national and other collective exhibitions held in the country and abroad. Al-Attar also took part in the Kuwait Biennial (1973), the first Arab Biennial (Baghdad 1974), the second Arab Biennial (1976), the Kuwait Biennial (1981), and won the Golden Sail Medal in the Cairo Biennial (1984).
Al-Attar’s artwork depicted women, forests, and references to Iraqi heritage including the ancient King Gilgamesh, Mesopotamia, and the Garden of Eden which was believed to have been located in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq).[4]
Her sister, Suad al-Attar, is also an artist who now lives and works in London.
Death
editOn 27 June 1993, Al-Attar, her husband, and their housekeeper were killed by a U.S. missile attack on the Iraqi Intelligence main building which was just behind her house, ordered by U.S. President Bill Clinton. The building was hit by 24 rockets. Two misfired and hit their house accidentally, per her son's testimony. The attack also blinded Al-Attar's daughter. There are some rumours the misfire was intended due to an unflattering mosaic of President George H. W. Bush, possibly designed by Al-Attar, laid onto the floor at the entrance to the Al-Rashid Hotel in Baghdad. Additionally, some allege that Al-Attar used pieces of her destroyed home during the American bombings in 1991 to create this controversial mosaic.[5] The idea was that nobody would be able to get into the hotel, where most foreign visitors to Iraq stayed in the 1990s, without stepping on Bush’s face. The mosaic was removed when Baghdad was captured on 9 April 2003.[6][7]
It is contested that Al-Attar either designed or oversaw the commissioning of the Bush mosaic, with Al Jazeera reporting that she was the designer of the mosaic.[8] Al-Attar’s artwork did not include ceramics nor portraits but others claim she commissioned an artist to do it.[9] The Wall Street Journal pointed out that the mosaic is signed by two marble cutters, brothers Mohsen and Majid Tabani. However, many believe that she either designed the mosaic, commissioned it, or at least oversaw its production. Her successor as director of the Saddam Art Center (also known as the Fine Art Center in Baghdad) Mukhallad al-Mukhtar maintained that she oversaw the work on it.[10]
Her death was met with an angry response in Baghdad.[11]
Legacy
editThe character Layal in the play Nine Parts of Desire is based on Al-Attar.[12] Author Heather Raffo, stated that she saw a painting by Al-Attar in an art gallery and was curious about it. This inspired her to write the play. While the Al-Attar character is central in it, the character is written as fictional and does not depict any specific relation to the real Layla Al Attar[12]
Kris Kristofferson dedicated and wrote a song about Al-Attar, called "The Circle", which appears on his live album Broken Freedom Song: Live from San Francisco. In the live introduction to the song on that CD, Kristofferson explains that it covers both the death of Layla Al-Attar and the problem of Los desaparecidos, the Argentines who "disappeared." They were secretly arrested and murdered by the Argentinian dictatorial government. He states that he linked the two as examples of governments taking no responsibility for the deaths of non-combatants.
Marta Gomez later covered the song on a tribute album, The Pilgrim. A celebration of Kris Kristofferson,[13] adding a verse in Spanish, later, she wrote a song named Layla inspired in her.
-
Untitled painting by al-Attar
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Nusair, Isis. “The Cultural Costs of the 2003 US-Led Invasion of Iraq: A Conversation with Art Historian Nada Shabout.” Feminist Studies, vol. 39, no. 1, 2013, pp. 119–148. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23719300.
- ^ Nusair, Isis (2013). "The Cultural Costs of the 2003 US-Led Invasion of Iraq: A Conversation with Art Historian Nada Shabout". Feminist Studies. 39 (1): 119–148. ISSN 0046-3663. JSTOR 23719300.
- ^ Nusair, I., "The Cultural Costs of the 2003 US-Led Invasion of Iraq: A Conversation with Art Historian Nada Shabout," Feminist Studies, Vol. 39, No. 1 (2013), p. 128 Online:
- ^ "Layla Al Attar". Barjeel Art Foundation. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ Romanska, Magda. "Trauma and testimony: Heather Raffo's 9 Parts of Desire." Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, no. 30, 2010, p. 211+. Gale Academic Onefile, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A229226870/AONE?u=cuny_laguardia&sid=AONE&xid=9cbb7f55 . Accessed 14 Dec. 2019.
- ^ Pope, H., "Artist's Rendering: After Painter Dies, A Myth is Born in Insular Iraq? Baghdadis Believe Ms. Attar Was Target of US Missiles," Asian Wall Street Journal June 3, 2002 Online:
- ^ Cockburn, Patrick (April 20, 2016). "Mission creep: Baghdad after the fall of Saddam Hussein". The Independent. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- ^ Morrison, Kenneth. "The Al Rasheed Hotel: 40 years of an iconic Baghdad landmark". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ Namou, Team (2015). Iraqi Americans : the lives of the artists. Hermiz Publishing. pp. x. ISBN 9780977679010.
- ^ Journal, Hugh PopeStaff Reporter of The Wall Street. "Iraqi Artists Believe U.S. Targeted Painter Because of Bush Portrait - WSJ". WSJ. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ "Raid on Baghdad: The Iraqi Capital; On Baghdad Streets, Angry Demands for Revenge". The New York Times. Reuters. June 28, 2003. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- ^ a b Sandler, Lauren. "An American and Her Nine Iraqi Sisters." The New York Times. October 17, 2004. Retrieved on April 13, 2014.
- ^ Marta Gómez: De dulce by Carles Gracia Escarp 21/06/2013 for cancioneros.com. Accessed online using Google Translate on June 25, 2015.
External links
edit- Layla Al Attar at Iraqiart.com - digital archive of reproductions of artworks, many of which were stolen or damaged during the 2003 lootings and not accessible via any other reliable public source