André Viard's[1] Le Cuisinier Impérial[2] (Paris: J.-N. Barba, 1806) was a culinary encyclopedia that passed through at least thirty-two editions in its long career as the essential reference work for the French professional chef during the nineteenth century.[3] During its long run it was a staple of its publisher, J.-N. Barba, who warned potential literary pirates, in an age before the enforcement of copyright, of his intention to prosecute any editors of cookbooks who took, in whole or part, any recipes from the publication.[4]
André Viard, who called himself "Homme de Bouche",[5] was the chef de cuisine to Louis Philippe, comte de Ségur and Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater.[6] The cookbook appeared under various titles that reflected regime changes: with the restoration of the Bourbons it became Le Cuisinier Royal (Paris: Barba, 1817) in its ninth edition,[4] and in 1852, in its twenty-second edition, Le Cuisinier National. The co-author Fouret appeared in editions of the 1820s. Its last edition appeared in 1875.
Viard's rival in French kitchens was Marie-Antoine Carême's L'Art de la cuisine française au dix-neuvième siècle, the first volume of which appeared in 1833.
A German translation was published as Viard und Fourets Universal-Kochbuch (Stuttgart, Carl Hoffmann, 1827).[7] A second edition was credited to Catharina Löffler, Pariser Kochbuch (Stuttgart, Weise and Stoppani, 1829).[8]
An earlier, unrelated cookbook with a similar name, François Massialot's Le Cuisinier Royal et Bourgeois, one of the first French cookbooks, consisted of recipes from Louis XIV's kitchens and marked the beginning of haute cuisine.
Notes
edit- ^ A. Viard (1759-1834) is incorrectly described sometimes as Alexandre (Bibliothèque Nationale de France)
- ^ Full title: Le cuisinier impérial, ou l’Art de faire la cuisine et la pâtisserie pour toutes les fortunes, avec la manière de servir une table depuis vingt jusqu’à soixante couverts.
- ^ "The most popular work published by a professional in the nineteenth century" according to Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson, Accounting for Taste: The Triumph of French Cuisine 2004:76.
- ^ a b Le Cuisinier royal, Barba, Paris, 1817 (warning of the publisher Barba p. 11).
- ^ M. Fouret, who added 850 articles to the tenth edition (1820), is described on that title page "ex-Officier de Bouche du Roi d'Espagne" (copy at the New York Public Library).
- ^ French Cooks and Cookery, The New Monthly Magazine, 1842, p. 10-12.
- ^ Subtitled "Ein vollständiges Handbuch der Kochkunst. Nach den Regeln der englischen, französischen und deutschen Küche. Für alle Stände. Nach dem Französischen der Herren Vicard [sic] und Fouret, Mundköchen König Ludwigs des XVIII. von Frankreich mit eigenen Recepten vermehrt von Catherina Löfflerin."
- ^ Gastronomia, note 3
References
edit- French Cooks and Cookery, The New Monthly Magazine, Colburn, 1842, p. 10-12.
- Kansas State University: Le Cuisinier Royal, Paris 1817.
- Bibliographie culinaire
- William Carew Hazlitt, Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine The "introductory" describes twelfth edition incorrectly dated 1805.
External links
edit- A. Viard, Le Cuisinier impérial, ou l’art de faire la cuisine et la pâtisserie pour toutes les fortunes, Barba, Paris, 1806
- A. Viard, Le Cuisinier royal, ou l’art de faire la cuisine et la pâtisserie pour toutes les fortunes, Barba, Paris, 1817