Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
The Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (French pronunciation: [diksjɔnɛːʁ də lakademi fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) is the official dictionary of the French language.
The Académie française is France's official authority on the usages, vocabulary, and grammar of the French language, although its recommendations carry no legal power. Sometimes, even governmental authorities disregard the Académie's rulings. As of 2021[update] the eighth edition of 1935 is the latest complete edition, with the ninth edition in progress, available online up to Sérénissime.[1]
Publication
editA special Commission (Commission du dictionnaire) composed of several (but not all) of the members of the Académie undertakes the compilation of the dictionary. It has published thirteen editions of the dictionary, of which three were preliminary, eight were complete, and two were supplements for specialised words.[2] The completed edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, the first official dictionary of the French language, was presented upon completion by the Académie to King Louis XIV. [3] on 24 August 1694.
Preliminary editions:
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (from A to Aversion), pre-edition, Frankfurt am Main, 1687
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (from A to Confiture), pre-edition, Frankfurt am Main, 1687
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (from A to Neuf), pre-edition, Paris, 1687
Complete editions:
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise dedié au Roy (1st edition), Paris, 1694
- Nouveau Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise dedié au Roy (2nd edition), Paris, 1718
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (3rd edition), Paris, 1740
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (4th edition), Paris, 1762
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise (5th edition), Paris, 1798
- Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (6th edition), Paris, 1835
- Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (7th edition), Paris, 1879
- Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (8th edition), Paris, 1932–1935
Supplementary editions for the sciences, arts, and technology:
- Corneille, Thomas, Le Dictionnaire des Arts et des Sciences, Paris, 1694
- Barré, Louis, Complément du Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, Paris, 1842
In 1778, the Académie attempted to compile a "historical dictionary" of the French language. The project was later abandoned, having failed to progress beyond the letter "A".
The 8th edition of 1935 contained approximately 35,000 words. The Académie continues work on the ninth edition, begun in 1986, of which the first volume (A to Enzyme) was published in 1992 (ISBN 2-213-62142-X), the second (Éocène to Mappemonde) in 2000 (ISBN 2-213-62143-8), and the third (Maquereau to Quotité) in 2011 (ISBN 2-213-66640-7). As the work goes on, additional parts of the Dictionnaire are published in the Documents administratifs of the Journal Officiel, and posted online. The finalised ninth edition is expected to contain about 28,000 new words (60,000 in total). In part because the current edition dates from 1935, other dictionaries (such as those published by Larousse and Le Robert) are more commonly used as everyday reference sources than that of the Académie.
The ninth edition was presented by the Académie Française to French president Emmanuel Macron on 14 November 2024.[4]
Encoding
editThe IETF language tags have registered fr-1694acad for Early Modern French, "17th century French, as catalogued in the "Dictionnaire de l'académie françoise", 4eme ed. 1694; frequently includes elements of Middle French, as this is a transitional period".[5]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Outil de consultation du Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française - 9e édition (de A à Sérénissime)" [Lookup tool for the Dictionary of the French Academy, 9th edition (from A to Sérénissime)]. academie.atilf.fr (in French). Retrieved 10 September 2022.
en cours de rédaction (work in progress)
- ^ "Dictionaries of the Académie française (17th to 20th century)". Classiques Garnier. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ^ Guillaume Massieu, Oeuvres de Mr de Tourreil (Brunet, 1721) Vol. I, pp. ix–x.
- ^ "France's new dictionary struggles to keep up with the times". BBC. 15 November 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ^ "IETF Language Subtag Registry". IANA. 2021-08-06. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
External links
editSearchable original texts
edit- University of Chicago, The ARTFL Project, Dictionnaires d'autrefois, Full text, searchable French dictionaries of the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Includes: Dictionnaire de L'Académie française: 1st (1694), 4th (1762), 5th (1798), 6th (1835), and 8th (1932–5) editions; Jean Nicot's Thresor de la langue française (1606), Jean-François Féraud's Dictionaire critique de la langue française (1787–1788), and Émile Littré's Dictionnaire de la langue française (1872–1877)
- Académie française, Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, 4th edition online, official site
- Académie française, Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, 8th edition online, official site
- Académie française, Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, 9th edition online, official site, work-in-progress with regular updates
Facsimile reproductions
editSource: Bibliothèque nationale de France:
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise dedié au Roy, 1st edition (1694), vol. 1, vol. 2
- Nouveau Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise dedié au Roy, 2nd edition (1718), vol.
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise, 3rd edition (1740), vol. 1, vol .2
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise, 4th edition (1762), vol. 1, vol. 2
- Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie françoise, 5th edition (1798), vol. 1, vol. 2
- Dictionnaire de L'Académie française, 6th edition (1835), vol. 1, vol. 2
- Dictionnaire de L'Académie française, 7th edition (1878), vol. 1, vol. 2