Lead(II) perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Pb(ClO4)2·xH2O, where is x is 0,1, or 3. It is an extremely hygroscopic white solid that is very soluble in water.[1]
_perchlorate.svg)
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_perchlorate_trihydrate.jpg) Trihydrate
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.736 |
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PubChem CID
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| UN number | 1470 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| Pb(ClO4)2 | |
| Molar mass | 406.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Density | 2.6 g/cm3 |
| Boiling point | 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) (decomposes) |
| 256.2 g/100 ml (25 °C) | |
| Vapor pressure | 0.36 Torr (trihydrate) |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
   
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| H272, H302, H332, H360Df, H373, H410 | |
| P210, P260, P273, P301+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313 | |
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Other cations
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Mercury(II) perchlorate; Tin(II) perchlorate; Cadmium perchlorate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Preparation
editLead perchlorate trihydrate is produced by the reaction of lead(II) oxide, lead carbonate, or lead nitrate by perchloric acid:
- Pb(NO3)2 + HClO4 → Pb(ClO4)2 + HNO3
The excess perchloric acid was removed by first heating the solution to 125 °C, then heating it under moist air at 160 °C to remove the perchloric acid by converting the acid to the dihydrate. The anhydrous salt, Pb(ClO4)2, is produced by heating the trihydrate to 120 °C under water-free conditions over phosphorus pentoxide. The trihydrate melts at 83 °C.[1] The anhydrous salt decomposes into lead(II) chloride and a mixture of lead oxides at 250 °C.[1][2] The monohydrate is produced by only partially dehydrating the trihydrate, and this salt undergoes hydrolysis at 103 °C.[3]
The solution of anhydrous lead(II) perchlorate in methanol is explosive.[1]
Applications
editLead perchlorate has a high nucleon density, making it a viable detector for hypothetical proton decay.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d H. H. Willard; J. L. Kassner (1930). "PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF LEAD PERCHLORATE". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 52 (6). ACS Publications: 2391–2396. doi:10.1021/ja01369a027.
- ^ Zinov'ev, A. A.; and Kritsov, N. V. (1960). Zhur. Neorg. Khim. issue 5: p. 1418, as cited in Giridharan, A. S.; Udupa, M. R.; Aravamudan, G. (February 1975). "Thermal behaviour of thallous perchlorate". Journal of Thermal Analysis. 7 (1): 65–71. doi:10.1007/BF01911626. ISSN 0022-5215.
- ^ A. V. Dudin (1993). "Water-vapor pressure and thermodynamics of the dehydration of manganese, nickel, cadmium, and lead perchlorate hydrates". Russian Chemical Bulletin. 42: 417–421. doi:10.1007/BF00698419.
- ^ Boyd, R. N.; Rauscher, T.; Reitzner, S. D.; Vogel, P. (2003-10-31). "Observing nucleon decay in lead perchlorate". Physical Review D. 68 (7). arXiv:hep-ph/0307280. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.074014. ISSN 0556-2821.