Lebanese Canadians are Canadians of Lebanese origin. According to the 2016 census there were 219,555 Canadians who claimed Lebanese ancestry, showing an increase compared to the 2006 census,[8] making them by far the largest group of people with Arabic-speaking roots. As of the 2016 census, they are also one of the largest communities of Asian origin in the country.[9]
 Population distribution of Lebanese Canadians by census division, 2021 census | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 210,605 (by ancestry, 2021 census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Ontario | 80,345[2] |
 Quebec | 78,210[3] |
 Alberta | 28,480[4] |
 British Columbia | 8,440[5] |
| Languages | |
| Canadian English, Canadian French, Lebanese Arabic, Lebanese French, Armenian | |
| Religion | |
| |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Arab Canadians, other Asian Canadians including West Asian Canadians | |
History
editLebanese immigration began in 1882. The first Lebanese immigrant to Canada was Abraham Bounadere (Ibrahim Abu Nadir) from Zahlé in Lebanon who settled in Montreal.[10] Because of situations within Lebanon and restrictive Canadian laws these immigrants were 90 percent Christian. These immigrants were mostly economic migrants seeking greater prosperity in the New World.
In more recent years this pattern has changed, and large numbers of Lebanese Muslims and Druze have come to Canada.[11] Immigration laws were liberalized after the Second World War, and immigration steadily increased in the 1950s and 1960s.
The greatest influx of Lebanese was during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), and this period saw a number of Lebanon's wealthiest and best educated move to Canada to flee the violence in their homeland. Canada and Australia were the only Western countries to set up special programs to enable Lebanese to more easily emigrate. Canada set up an office in Cyprus to process Lebanese refugees.
The media has reported that as many as 50,000 of Lebanese-Canadians were in Lebanon during the summer of 2006, with about half of them permanently residing there.[12] During 2006 Lebanon War the large number of Canadians caught in the crossfire led to a major effort to evacuate them from the war zone. It also led some to accuse some of those holding Canadian citizenship of being Canadians of convenience.
Demography
editLanguage
editMany Lebanese speak French and prefer to settle in francophone Montreal.
Religion
edit| Religious group | 2021[13][a] | |
|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | |
| Christianity | 104,945 | 49.83% |
| Islam | 63,255 | 30.03% |
| Irreligion | 36,465 | 17.31% |
| Judaism | 785 | 0.37% |
| Buddhism | 95 | 0.05% |
| Hinduism | 40 | 0.02% |
| Indigenous spirituality | 10 | 0% |
| Other | 5,010 | 2.38% |
| Total Lebanese Canadian responses | 210,605 | 100% |
Geographical distribution
editAbout half of the Lebanese-Canadian community is located in and around Montreal, and most Lebanese-Canadian organizations, especially religious ones, are based in that city.
Lebanese Canadians account for a larger share of the population of Ottawa than that of any other census metropolitan area across the country, constituting over 2 percent of the total population of the National Capital Region. Canadians of Lebanese origin also made up more than 1 percent of the total populations of both Montreal and Halifax, while the figure was close to 1 percent in both Calgary and Edmonton. In Toronto, people of Lebanese origin made up less than half of one per cent of the total population.[14] There are also substantial Lebanese populations in Vancouver, Windsor, London, Edmonton, Fredericton, and Charlottetown.
Halifax is in particular known for its strong Lebanese community, which hosts two different festivals.[15][16]
Prominent Canadians of Lebanese descent
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See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ Religious breakdown proportions based on "Lebanese" ethnic or cultural origin response on the 2021 census.[13]
References
edit- ^ Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
- ^ Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population. Profile Table Ontario
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Quebec [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
- ^ Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population. Profile Table Alberta
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - British Columbia [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
- ^ "The Lebanese Community in Canada". Statistics Canada. August 28, 2007.
- ^ Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022), Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts, Government of Canada, doi:10.25318/9810034201-eng, Table: 98-10-0342-01, retrieved May 10, 2023
- ^ Statistics Canada (May 8, 2013). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". Retrieved February 11, 2014.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (June 17, 2019). "Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- ^ "History of Recent Arab Immigration to Canada". www.canadianarabcommunity.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
- ^ Bessonov, Ania (November 18, 2018). "Dating Druze: The struggle to find love in a dwindling diaspora". CBC News. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- ^ Canada and Lebanon, a special tie from CBC 1 August 2006
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (May 10, 2023). "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
- ^ "The Lebanese Community in Canada". www.statcan.gc.ca.
- ^ "The tiny Lebanese village that changed the face of Halifax | Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21". pier21.ca. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
- ^ S, Desi (June 12, 2019). "How The Lebanese Community Influenced Halifax Culture". 961. Retrieved July 11, 2023.