Leonard Grey, Lord Deputy of Ireland (1479/1492 – 28 July 1541), known as Lord Leonard Grey prior to 1536, served as Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1536 to 1540.
Family
editLeonard Grey was a younger son of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset and Cecily Bonville, Baroness Harington and Bonville.[1]
Career
editOn receiving instructions from King Henry VIII, Grey commanded an army which he led in 1535 against Irish rebels who would not acknowledge Henry's supremacy as supreme head of the Church of England, and renounce the Pope. He was said to have been so cruel that he shortened the life of the Lord Deputy of Ireland, William Skeffington,[2] and succeeded him as Lord Deputy. Grey was created Viscount Grane in the Peerage of Ireland on 2 January 1536, but never assumed the title.
He was active in marching against the rebels and he presided over the parliament of 1536, but he was soon at variance with the powerful family of the Butlers and with some of the privy councillors, including the highly influential John Rawson, 1st Viscount Clontarf.[3]
On 11 July 1537, Grey as Lord Deputy visited Galway. This was the first visit of a King's Deputy to the town, and marked the start of closer relations between the town and the Anglo-Irish administration in Dublin. He was lavishly entertained and stayed for seven days.[citation needed]
Grey was accused of allowing the escape of his sister Elizabeth's son, the young Earl of Kildare to France in 1539, which he strenuously denied,[citation needed] and the quarrel with the Butlers became fiercer than ever.[3]
Grey was nevertheless tried and attainted of high treason, and subsequently executed at the Tower of London on 28 July 1541 by the orders of Henry VIII.[4]
Carrigogunnell massacre
editGrey was implicated in several massacres in Ireland; the most notorious took place at Carrigogunnell Castle in 1536 (then part of Thomond, it would later become part of County Limerick in the Kingdom of Ireland). As an active participant in the Tudor conquest of Ireland, he was one of the figures who brought a new element to Irish warfare, where the killing of non-combatants by Crown forces was seen as acceptable by the establishment.
The killings went beyond usual practice in Ireland; as Grey noted in his own account, there were women and children among those he had killed. It is the very fact that he included this information in his report to London, deeming it a piece of service fit to be recorded, that pinpoints his significance in the military history of sixteenth-century Ireland. Traditionally, Irish warlords only rejoiced in the killing of soldiers, and passed over the killing of non-combatants in silence. Grey (and other English officers of the time) saw all killing as virtuous, an achievement worthy of commemoration.
— David Edwards, Age of Atrocity: Violence and Political Conflict in Early Modern Ireland, 2010.[5]
Marriages and issue
editGrey is said to have married firstly Elizabeth Arundel, widow of Sir Giles Daubeney, and secondly Eleanor Sutton, daughter of Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley by Cecily Willoughby, daughter and coheiress of Sir William Willoughby; however, according to Lyons it is unclear whether Grey ever married.[6][7][4] He is mentioned in the will of his brother, Sir John Grey.[8]
References
edit- ^ Nicholas, Sir Nicholas Harris (1826). Testamenta Vetusta. Vol. 2. pp. 631–2.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. X, no. 298
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dorset, Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 431–432.
- ^ a b Lyons 2004.
- ^ Edwards 2010, p. 59.
- ^ Richardson II 2011, pp. 304–6.
- ^ Richardson IV 2011, pp. 50–1.
- ^ Challen 1963, p. 6.
Bibliography
edit- Challen, W.H. (January 1963). "Lady Anne Grey". Notes and Queries. 10 (1): 5–9. doi:10.1093/nq/10-1-5b.
- Edwards, David (2010). Age of Atrocity: Violence and Political Conflict in Early Modern Ireland. Four Courts Press. ISBN 978-1846822674.
- Hardiman's History of Galway: Chapter 4: From 1484 to the commencement of the Irish Rebellion in 1641 Archived 22 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- Lyons, Mary Ann (2004). "Grey, Leonard [known as Lord Leonard Grey], Viscount Graneyunlocked". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11551. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- The Church in Ireland during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. (1509–1553) from "History of the Catholic Church from the Renaissance to the French Revolution" by Rev. James MacCaffrey, S.J., 1914
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah. ISBN 978-1449966386.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah. ISBN 978-1460992708.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)