The Eurovision Song Contest 1971 was the 16th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1970 contest with the song "All Kinds of Everything" by Dana. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), the contest was held at the Gaiety Theatre on 3 April 1971, and was hosted by Irish television presenter Bernadette Ní Ghallchóir.
Eurovision Song Contest 1971 | |
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![]() | |
Dates | |
Final | 3 April 1971 |
Host | |
Venue | Gaiety Theatre Dublin, Ireland |
Presenter(s) | Bernadette Ní Ghallchóir |
Musical director | Colman Pearce |
Directed by | Tom McGrath |
Executive supervisor | Clifford Brown |
Host broadcaster | Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ) |
Website | eurovision |
Participants | |
Number of entries | 18 |
Debuting countries | ![]() |
Returning countries | |
Non-returning countries | None |
| |
Vote | |
Voting system | Two-member juries (one aged 16 to 25 and the other 25 to 55) rated songs between one and five points. |
Winning song | ![]() "Un banc, un arbre, une rue" |
Eighteen countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 1965 and 1966 editions. Austria returned after their two-year absence, while Finland, Norway, Portugal and Sweden all returned after having boycotted the competition the previous year. On the other hand, Malta competed for the first time.
The winner was Monaco with the song "Un banc, un arbre, une rue", performed by Séverine, written by Yves Dessca, and composed by Jean-Pierre Bourtayre. This was Monaco's first and only victory in the contest. This was also the only time in the contest's history, where the second and third-placed entrants were also awarded.
Location
editThe contest was held at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin, the capital and most populous city of Ireland.[1][2] This was the first time that the contest was held in Ireland. The Gaiety Theatre was selected as the venue for the 1971 contest as it was celebrating 100 years since its establishment in 1871.
Participating countries
editEurovision Song Contest 1971 – Participation summaries by country | |
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Malta made their début in this year's contest, while Austria, Finland, Norway, Portugal and Sweden all returned after a brief absence. This brought the total number of countries to eighteen.
Country | Broadcaster | Artist | Song | Language | Songwriter(s) | Conductor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | ORF | Marianne Mendt | "Musik" | German[a] |
|
Robert Opratko |
Belgium | BRT | Jacques Raymond and Lily Castel | "Goeie morgen, morgen" | Dutch |
|
Francis Bay |
Finland | YLE | Markku Aro and Koivisto Sisters | "Tie uuteen päivään" | Finnish | Rauno Lehtinen | Ossi Runne |
France | ORTF | Serge Lama | "Un jardin sur la terre" | French |
|
Franck Pourcel |
Germany | HR[b] | Katja Ebstein | "Diese Welt" | German |
|
Dieter Zimmermann |
Ireland | RTÉ | Angela Farrell | "One Day Love" | English |
|
Noel Kelehan |
Italy | RAI | Massimo Ranieri | "L'amore è un attimo" | Italian |
|
Enrico Polito |
Luxembourg | CLT | Monique Melsen | "Pomme, pomme, pomme" | French | Jean Claudric | |
Malta | MBA | Joe Grech | "Marija l-Maltija" | Maltese |
|
Anthony Chircop |
Monaco | TMC | Séverine | "Un banc, un arbre, une rue" | French |
|
Jean-Claude Petit |
Netherlands | NOS | Saskia and Serge | "Tijd" | Dutch | Dolf van der Linden | |
Norway | NRK | Hanne Krogh | "Lykken er..." | Norwegian | Arne Bendiksen | Arne Bendiksen |
Portugal | RTP | Tonicha | "Menina do alto da serra" | Portuguese |
|
Jorge Costa Pinto |
Spain | TVE | Karina | "En un mundo nuevo" | Spanish |
|
Waldo de los Ríos |
Sweden | SR | The Family Four | "Vita vidder" | Swedish | Håkan Elmquist | Claes Rosendahl |
Switzerland | SRG SSR | Peter, Sue and Marc | "Les Illusions de nos vingt ans" | French |
|
Hardy Schneiders |
United Kingdom | BBC | Clodagh Rodgers | "Jack in the Box" | English | Johnny Arthey | |
Yugoslavia | JRT | Krunoslav Slabinac | "Tvoj dječak je tužan" (Твој дјечак је тужан) | Serbo-Croatian |
|
Miljenko Prohaska |
Returning artists
editArtist | Country | Previous year(s) |
---|---|---|
Jacques Raymond | Belgium | 1963 |
Katja Ebstein | Germany | 1970 |
Format
editFor the first time, each participating broadcaster was required to televise all the songs in "previews" prior to the live final. Belgium's preview video featured Nicole and Hugo performing the song "Goeie morgen, morgen", but Nicole was struck with a sudden illness days before the contest final, with Jacques Raymond and Lily Castel stepping in at short notice to perform the entry in their place. Reports suggested that Castel had not even had enough time to buy a suitable dress for the show.
The BBC were worried about the possible audience reaction to the UK song due to the hostilities raging in Northern Ireland. They specifically selected a singer from Northern Ireland, Clodagh Rodgers, who was popular in both the UK and the Republic of Ireland, to ease any ill-feeling from the Dublin audience. However, Rodgers still received death threats from the IRA for representing the UK.[8]
Groups of up to six people were allowed to perform for the first time, with the rule in previous contests of performing either solo or as a duet abolished.[9]
This was only RTÉ's second outside broadcast in colour. The contest was broadcast in Iceland, the United States and Hong Kong several days later.[10]
In between each song, a film depicting the tourist highlights of each nation using stock footage provided by the participant tourism bureaus was seen, accompanied by a piece of organ music chosen to complement the country.
This is the only time in the contest's history where the second and third placing entrants were also awarded.
Contest overview
editR/O | Country | Artist | Song | Points | Place |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Austria | Marianne Mendt | "Musik" | 66 | 16 |
2 | Malta | Joe Grech | "Marija l-Maltija" | 52 | 18 |
3 | Monaco | Séverine | "Un banc, un arbre, une rue" | 128 | 1 |
4 | Switzerland | Peter, Sue and Marc | "Les Illusions de nos vingt ans" | 78 | 12 |
5 | Germany | Katja Ebstein | "Diese Welt" | 100 | 3 |
6 | Spain | Karina | "En un mundo nuevo" | 116 | 2 |
7 | France | Serge Lama | "Un jardin sur la terre" | 82 | 10 |
8 | Luxembourg | Monique Melsen | "Pomme, pomme, pomme" | 70 | 13 |
9 | United Kingdom | Clodagh Rodgers | "Jack in the Box" | 98 | 4 |
10 | Belgium | Jacques Raymond and Lily Castel | "Goeiemorgen, morgen" | 68 | 14 |
11 | Italy | Massimo Ranieri | "L'amore è un attimo" | 91 | 5 |
12 | Sweden | The Family Four | "Vita vidder" | 85 | 6 |
13 | Ireland | Angela Farrell | "One Day Love" | 79 | 11 |
14 | Netherlands | Saskia and Serge | "Tijd" | 85 | 6 |
15 | Portugal | Tonicha | "Menina do alto da serra" | 83 | 9 |
16 | Yugoslavia | Krunoslav Slabinac | "Tvoj dječak je tužan" | 68 | 14 |
17 | Finland | Markku Aro and Koivisto Sisters | "Tie uuteen päivään" | 84 | 8 |
18 | Norway | Hanne Krogh | "Lykken er..." | 65 | 17 |
Detailed voting results
editA new voting system was introduced in this year's contest: each country sent two jury members, one aged over 25 and the other under 25 (with at least ten years' difference between their ages), with both awarding each country (except their own) a score of between one and five points.
While this meant that no country could score fewer than 34 points (and in the event all eighteen scored at least 52), it had one major problem: some jury members tended to award only one or two points. Whether this was done to increase their respective countries' chances of winning is not known for sure, but this shortcoming was nonetheless plain.[9] However, the system remained in place for the 1972 and 1973 contests.
Total score
|
Austria
|
Malta
|
Monaco
|
Switzerland
|
Germany
|
Spain
|
France
|
Luxembourg
|
United Kingdom
|
Belgium
|
Italy
|
Sweden
|
Ireland
|
Netherlands
|
Portugal
|
Yugoslavia
|
Finland
|
Norway
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contestants
|
Austria | 66 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | |
Malta | 52 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||
Monaco | 128 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 10 | ||
Switzerland | 78 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||
Germany | 100 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 4 | ||
Spain | 116 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 8 | ||
France | 82 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | ||
Luxembourg | 70 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | ||
United Kingdom | 98 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | ||
Belgium | 68 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 4 | ||
Italy | 91 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 5 | ||
Sweden | 85 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 6 | ||
Ireland | 79 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | ||
Netherlands | 85 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 8 | ||
Portugal | 83 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | ||
Yugoslavia | 68 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | ||
Finland | 84 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 6 | ||
Norway | 65 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
10 points
editBelow is a summary of all perfect 10 scores that were given during the voting.
N. | Contestant | Nation(s) giving 10 points |
---|---|---|
6 | Monaco | Belgium, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia |
2 | Spain | France, Monaco |
Finland | Belgium, United Kingdom | |
1 | Portugal | Spain |
Broadcasts
editEach participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[14]
Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below. In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in Greece, Iceland, Morocco and Tunisia, in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania via Intervision, and in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Ethiopia, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Kenya, Mauritania, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda and the United States.[15][16]
Country | Broadcaster | Channel(s) | Commentator(s) | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Network 7 | [16] | ||
Czechoslovakia | ČST | ČST1[c] | [50] | |
Hungary | MTV | MTV[d] | [51] | |
Iceland | RÚV | Sjónvarpið[e] | Björn Matthíasson | [52] |
Poland | TP | Telewizja Polska[f] | [53] | |
United States | PBS[g] | [54][55] |
Notes
edit- ^ Specifically Viennese German
- ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[7]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 11 April 1971 at 22:55 (CET)[50]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 21 April 1971 at 11:00 (CET)[51]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 18 April 1971 at 21:25 (WET)[52]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 24 April 1971 at 22:15 (CEST)[53]
- ^ Delayed broadcast on 18 April 1971 at 22:00 EST (03:00 UTC)[54]
References
edit- ^ "The Growth and Development of Dublin" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ "Primate City Definition and Examples". Retrieved 21 October 2009.
- ^ "Participants of Dublin 1971". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ^ a b Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 51–64. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
- ^ "1971 – 16th edition". diggiloo.net. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ^ "Detailed overview: conductors in 1971". And the conductor is... Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ^ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ^ Boyd, Brian. "Eurovision in Dublin, 1971: hotpants, 'women's lib' and boycotts". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
- ^ a b "Eurovision Song Contest 1971". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
- ^ "Eurovision 1971 – Opening ceremony". 7 July 2010. Archived from the original on 18 June 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2012 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Final of Dublin 1971". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "Results of the Final of Dublin 1971". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "Eurovision Song Contest 1971 – Scoreboard". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ a b "A África também vai ver o Grande Prémio da Eurovisão". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. 3 April 1971. p. 6. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
- ^ a b c "programas: TVE" [programmes: TVE]. Mediterráneo (in Spanish). Castellón de la Plana, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 11. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica .
- ^ "Fernsehen – Erstes Programm" [Television – First programme]. Burgenländische Freiheit (in German). Wiener Neustadt, Austria. 25 March 1971. p. 23. Retrieved 24 June 2024 – via Austrian National Library.
- ^ Halbhuber, Axel (22 May 2015). "Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren" [A virtual dispute between Eurovision commentators]. Kurier (in German). Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- ^ "Teevee Programma's B.R.T. – zaterdag 3 april" [BRT TV Programmes – Saturday 3 April]. Gazet van Halle (in Dutch). Halle, Belgium. 2 April 1971. p. 9. Retrieved 5 July 2024 – via Krantencollectie.be.
- ^ a b c "samstag 3. april" [Saturday 3 April] (in French and German). Revue Agenda. 2 April 1971. pp. 78–79. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ "Radio ja televisio" [Radio and television]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 3 April 1971. p. 35. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ a b "TV – samedi 3 avril" [TV – Saturday 3 April]. Radio TV - Je vois tout (in French). No. 13. Lausanne, Switzerland: Héliographia SA. 1 April 1971. pp. 84–85. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via Scriptorium Digital Library.
- ^ 16ème Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1971 (catalog record). INAthèque (in French). Institut national de l'audiovisuel. CPF86622533. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "TV Today". The Irish Times. 3 April 1971. p. 19. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "Radio Today". The Irish Times. 3 April 1971. p. 19. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "sabato | TV | 3 aprile" [Saturday | TV | 3 April]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 48, no. 13. 28 March – 3 April 1971. pp. 80–81. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ "Radio | sabato 3 aprile" [Radio | Saturday 3 April]. Radiocorriere TV (in Italian). Vol. 48, no. 13. 28 March – 3 April 1971. pp. 82–83. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ Barry, Fred (7 April 1971). "Eurovision Song Contest Analysis – It was all in the game". Times of Malta. p. 11.
- ^ "Sound and Vision – Today's TV Log". Times of Malta. 3 April 1971. p. 10.
- ^ "Radio en televisieprogramma's" [Radio and television programmes]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). Rotterdam, Netherlands. 3 April 1971. p. 27. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via Delpher.
- ^ a b "Radio TV". Østlands-Posten (in Norwegian). Larvik, Norway. 3 April 1971. p. 2. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via National Library of Norway.
- ^ "Rádio | TV dia a dia" [Radio | TV day by day]. Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. 3 April 1971. p. 7. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
- ^ "Programas de Radio y TV" [Programs of Radio and TV]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 45. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- ^ "Programas de las emisoras locales" [Local radio programs]. Aragón expres (in Spanish). Aragon, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 14. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica .
- ^ "Programa de las emisoras castellonenses" [Castellón radio station programme]. Mediterráneo (in Spanish). Castellón de la Plana, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 4. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica .
- ^ "Programas de Televisión y Radio" [Television and Radio Programmes]. Los Sitios (in Spanish). Girona, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 3. Retrieved 23 August 2024 – via Gerona City Hall .
- ^ "Audiciones radiofónicas" [Radio auditions]. Línea (in Spanish). Region of Murcia, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 22. Retrieved 23 August 2024 – via Archivo Municipal de Murcia.
- ^ "Radio TV – Radio Rioja". Nueva Rioja (in Spanish). Logroño, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 18. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica .
- ^ "tv". La Voz de España (in Spanish). San Sebastián, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 15. Retrieved 23 August 2024 – via Koldo Mitxelena Cultural Center .
- ^ "Radio y Television – Radio Valladolid" [Radio and Television – Radio Valladolid]. Libertad (in Spanish). Valladolid, Spain. 3 April 1971. p. 4. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica .
- ^ Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna (in Swedish). Stockholm: Premium Publishing. pp. 88–89. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
- ^ "Fernsehen – Samstag 3. April 1971" [Television – Saturday April 3, 1971]. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Zürich, Switzerland. 3 April 1971. p. 28. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via E-newspaperarchives.ch.
- ^ "Sabato – TV svizzera italiana" [Saturday – Swiss Italian TV]. Popolo e Libertà (in Italian). Bellinzona, Switzerland. 3 April 1971. p. 8. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via Sistema bibliotecario ticinese .
- ^ "The Eurovision Song Contest for the Grand Prix 1971 – BBC1". Radio Times. 3 April 1971. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
- ^ "Eurovision Song Contest Grand Prix 1971 – BBC Radio 2". Radio Times. 3 April 1971. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
- ^ "Schedule – BBC Radio 1 – 3 April 1971". Radio Times. 3 April 1971. Retrieved 10 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
- ^ a b "Телевизија" [Television]. Borba (in Serbian). Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia. 3 April 1971. p. 16. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via Pretraživa digitalna biblioteka.
- ^ "Televizija – 3. aprila" [Television – 3 April] (PDF). Glas (in Slovenian). Kranj, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia. 3 April 1971. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- ^ "TV Zagreb – Subota 3• 4. 1971" [TV Zagreb – Saturday 3 April 1971]. Glas Podravine (in Serbo-Croatian). Koprivnica, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. 2 April 1971. p. 16. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ a b "ne 11. dubna" [Sun 11 April]. Rozhlasový týdeník (in Czech). No. 15. 29 March 1971. p. 11. Retrieved 19 May 2024 – via Kramerius .
- ^ a b "TV – szerda IV.21" [TV - Wednesday April 21]. Rádió- és Televízió-újság (in Hungarian). 19 April 1971. p. 7. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024 – via MTVA Archívum.
- ^ a b "Sjónvarp – Sunnudagur 18. apríl" [Television – Sunday 18 April]. Tíminn (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 18 April 1971. p. 21. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via Timarit.is.
- ^ a b "Telewizja" [Television]. Dziennik Polski (in Polish). Kraków, Poland. 24 April 1971. p. 6. Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Digital Library of Małopolska .
- ^ a b "Morning Viewing: Monday to Friday - Sunday Apr. 18". Windsor Star. Windsor, Ontario. 17 April 1971. p. 17. Retrieved 26 March 2024 – via Google Books.
- ^ "This Week on 5". Ocala StarBanner. Ocala, Florida. 15 April 1971. p. 14. Retrieved 26 March 2024 – via Google Books.
Bibliography
edit- The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History, John Kennedy O'Connor, Carlton Books Ltd, ISBN 1-84442-994-6