William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp

William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp, KG, KCMG, CB, KStJ, PC (20 February 1872 – 14 November 1938), styled Viscount Elmley until 1891, was a British Liberal politician. He was Governor of New South Wales between 1899 and 1901, a member of the Liberal administrations of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith between 1905 and 1915, and leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords between 1924 and 1931. When political enemies threatened to make his homosexuality public, he resigned from office to go into exile. Lord Beauchamp is generally considered to be the model for the character Lord Marchmain in Evelyn Waugh's novel Brideshead Revisited.

The Earl Beauchamp
Beauchamp c. 1900
First Commissioner of Works
In office
3 November 1910 – 6 August 1914
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterH. H. Asquith
Preceded byLewis Vernon Harcourt
Succeeded byThe Lord Emmott
Lord President of the Council
In office
16 June 1910 – 3 November 1910
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterH. H. Asquith
Preceded byThe Viscount Wolverhampton
Succeeded byThe Viscount Morley of Blackburn
In office
5 August 1914 – 25 May 1915
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterH. H. Asquith
Preceded byThe Viscount Morley of Blackburn
Succeeded byThe Marquess of Crewe
Lord Steward of the Household
In office
31 July 1907 – 16 June 1910
MonarchsEdward VII
George V
Prime MinisterSir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
H. H. Asquith
Preceded byThe Earl of Liverpool
Succeeded byThe Earl of Chesterfield
Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms
In office
18 December 1905 – 31 July 1907
MonarchEdward VII
Prime MinisterSir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Preceded byThe Lord Belper
Succeeded byThe Lord Denman
20th Governor of New South Wales
In office
18 May 1899 – 30 April 1901
MonarchsQueen Victoria
Edward VII
Preceded byThe Viscount Hampden
Succeeded byHarry Rawson
Personal details
Born(1872-02-20)20 February 1872
Died14 November 1938(1938-11-14) (aged 66)
New York City, New York, U.S.
NationalityBritish
Political partyLiberal
SpouseLady Lettice Grosvenor (1876–1936)
Children
Parents
Alma materChrist Church, Oxford

Background and education

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Beauchamp was the eldest son of Frederick Lygon, 6th Earl Beauchamp, by his first wife, Lady Mary Catherine, daughter of Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope.[citation needed] He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, University of Oxford, where he showed an interest in evangelism, joining the Christian Social Union.[1][2] Beauchamp's mentors included the Eton master Henry Luxmoore, who encouraged his pupils to "strive after what was best in all things", and Anglican minister the Rev. James Adderley, who believed in practical Christianity, and devoted his life to philanthropy in London's East End.[3]

Early career

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Beauchamp caricatured by Spy for Vanity Fair, 1899

Beauchamp succeeded his father in the earldom in 1891 at the age of 18, and was mayor of Worcester between 1895 and 1896.[citation needed] A progressive in his ideas, he was surprised to be offered the post of Governor of New South Wales in May 1899. Though he was good at the job and enjoyed the company of local artists and writers, he was unpopular in the colony for a series of gaffes and misunderstandings, most notably over his reference to the "birthstain" of Australia's convict origins.[1] His open association with the high church and Anglo-Catholicism caused increased perturbation in the Evangelical Council.[1]

In Sydney, William Carr Smith, rector of St James' Church was his chaplain.[4] Beauchamp returned to Britain in 1900, saying that his duties had failed to stimulate him.

Political career

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In 1902, Beauchamp joined the Liberal Party and the same year he married Lady Lettice Mary Elizabeth Grosvenor, the daughter of Victor Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor.[1] When the Liberals came to power under Henry Campbell-Bannerman in December 1905, Beauchamp was appointed Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms[5] and was sworn of the Privy Council in January 1906.[6] In July 1907, he became Lord Steward of the Household,[7] a post he retained when H. H. Asquith became Prime Minister in 1908. He entered the cabinet as Lord President of the Council in June 1910,[8] a post that he held until November of the same year, when he was appointed First Commissioner of Works.[9]

Identified with the radical wing of the Liberal Party, Beauchamp also chaired (in December 1913) the Central Land and Housing Council, which was designed to advance Lloyd George's Land Campaign.[10] He was again Lord President of the council from 1914 to 1915.[11] However, he was not a member of the coalition government formed by Asquith in May 1915. Lord Beauchamp never returned to ministerial office but was the Liberal leader in the House of Lords from 1924 to 1931, supporting the ailing party with his substantial fortune.[citation needed]

While serving in Parliament, Beauchamp also voiced his support for a range of progressive measures such as workmen's compensation,[12] an expansion in rural housing provision, an agricultural minimum wage,[13] improved safety standards[14] and reduced working hours for miners.[15]

Other public appointments

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Beauchamp as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 1920

Beauchamp was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 1st Worcestershire Royal Garrison Artillery (Volunteers) on 5 November 1902.[16]

He was made Lord Lieutenant of Gloucestershire in 1911, carried the Sword of State at the coronation of King George V, was made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports in 1913 and a Knight of the Garter in 1914. He was also Chancellor of the University of London and a Six Master (Governor of RGS Worcester).

In June 1901, Beauchamp received an honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree from the University of Glasgow.[17]

Sexuality and blackmail

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In 1931, Lord Beauchamp was "outed" as a homosexual.[18] Although Beauchamp's homosexuality was an open secret in parts of high society and one that his political opponents had refrained from using against him despite its illegality, Lady Beauchamp was oblivious to it and professed a confusion as to what homosexuality was when it was revealed.[2] At one stage she thought her husband was being accused of being a bugler.[19] He had numerous affairs at Madresfield and Walmer Castle, with his partners ranging from servants to socialites, including local men.[2]

In 1930, while on a trip to Australia, it became common knowledge in London society that one of the men escorting him, Robert Bernays, a member of the Liberal Party, was a lover.[2]

It was reported to King George V and Queen Mary by Beauchamp's Tory brother-in-law, the Duke of Westminster, who privately disliked Beauchamp and hoped to ruin both him and the Liberal Party through Beauchamp's downfall.[2] Homosexual practice was a criminal offence at the time, and the King was horrified, rumoured to have said, "I thought men like that shot themselves".[2]

The King had a personal interest in the case, as his sons Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Prince George, Duke of Kent, had visited Madresfield in the past. George was then in a relationship with Beauchamp's daughter Lady Mary, which was cut off by her father's outing.[2]

After sufficient evidence had been gathered by the Duke, Beauchamp was made an offer to separate from his wife Lettice, retire on a pretence and then leave the country. Beauchamp accepted and left the country immediately in June 1931, living a nomadic life in the global homosexual hotspots of the time.[20] Shortly afterwards, the Countess Beauchamp obtained a divorce.[2] There was no public scandal, but Lord Beauchamp resigned all his offices.[21] However, he held on to the sinecure of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports until 1934.[22] Following his departure for the continent, his brother-in-law sent him a note which read. "Dear Bugger-in-law, you got what you deserved. Yours, Westminster."[23]

Lord Beauchamp's last partner was David Smyth (né Glory Smyth-Pigott: son of John Smyth-Pigott, second leader of the messianic sect the Agapemonites), to whom he left a Sydney mansion and share portfolio.[24]

Literary inspiration

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Lord Beauchamp is generally supposed to have been the model for Lord Marchmain in Evelyn Waugh's novel, Brideshead Revisited.[25][26][27] They were both aristocrats in exile, though for different reasons.[28] In his 1977 book, Homosexuals in History, historian A. L. Rowse suggests that Beauchamp's failed appointment as Governor of New South Wales was the inspiration for Hilaire Belloc's satirical children's poem, "Lord Lundy", which has in its final lines a command to Lord Lundy from his aged grandfather: "But as it is!...My language fails! Go out and govern New South Wales!". Nevertheless, says Rowse, "Lord Lundy's chronic weakness was tears. This was not Lord Beauchamp's weakness: he enjoyed life, was always gay."[18]

Family

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Lady Lettice Grosvenor in 1902
 
Earl and Countess Beauchamp with their family at Madresfield on the occasion of Viscount Elmley's coming of age, c. 1925

Lord Beauchamp married at Eccleston, Cheshire, on 26 July 1902 Lady Lettice Grosvenor, daughter of Victor Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor, and Lady Sibell Lumley, and granddaughter of the 1st Duke of Westminster.[29] They had three sons and four daughters:

Lord Beauchamp died of cancer in New York in 1938, aged 66. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, William. The children never made peace with their mother for her role in the downfall of their father; Lady Beauchamp, "having always being disliked and now hated by her children" was evicted from Madresfield Court by her daughters and spent the remainder of her life at her brother's estate in Cheshire. Lady Beauchamp died in 1936, aged 59, estranged from all her children except her youngest child.[32]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Hazlehurst, Cameron (1979). "Beauchamp, seventh Earl (1872–1938)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 7. Australian National University: Melbourne University Press. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Byrne, Paula (9 August 2009). "Sex scandal behind Brideshead Revisited". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  3. ^ Jordaan, Peter, A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests, Alchemie Books, 2023, pp. 234-235.
  4. ^ "CanonN W. I. Carr Smith". The Sydney Morning Herald. NSW: National Library of Australia. 5 July 1930. p. 19. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  5. ^ "No. 27877". The London Gazette. 23 January 1906. p. 541.
  6. ^ "No. 27873". The London Gazette. 9 January 1906. p. 182.
  7. ^ "No. 28046". The London Gazette. 30 July 1907. p. 5281.
  8. ^ "No. 28386". The London Gazette. 21 June 1910. p. 4366.
  9. ^ "No. 28435". The London Gazette. 8 November 1910. p. 7979.
  10. ^ Dutton, David. "Biographies: William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp (1872–1938)" (PDF). liberahistory.org.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  11. ^ "No. 28862". The London Gazette. 4 August 1914. p. 6165.
  12. ^ "Workmen's Compensation Bill". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 14 December 1906. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  13. ^ "The Housing of the Working Classes". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 28 April 1914. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  14. ^ "Mines Accidents (Rescue and Aid) Bill". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 25 July 1910. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  15. ^ "Coal Mines (Eight Hours) Bill". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 15 December 1908. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  16. ^ "No. 27491". The London Gazette. 4 November 1902. p. 7017.
  17. ^ "Glasgow University jubilee". The Times. No. 36481. London. 14 June 1901. p. 10. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ a b A. L. Rowse, Homosexuals in History (1977), pp. 222–223 ISBN 0-88029-011-0
  19. ^ Eade, Philip (2017). Evelyn Waugh: A life revisited. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 160. ISBN 9781250143297. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Google Books.
  20. ^ Bloch, Michael (2015). Closet Queens. Little, Brown. p. 21. ISBN 978-1408704127.
  21. ^ "Earl Beauchamp". News Chronicle. 15 June 1931. Retrieved 1 May 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ^ "Cinque Ports Warden". News Chronicle. 27 January 1934. Retrieved 1 May 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ^ Tinniswood, Adrian (2016). The Long Weekend: Life in the English Country House Between the Wars. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 260. ISBN 9780224099455.
  24. ^ Jordaan, Peter, A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests, Alchemie Books, 2023, p. 263-264.
  25. ^ "Lord Beauchamp, Walmer Castle and Homosexuality in 20th-Century England". English Heritage. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  26. ^ Manley, Jeffrey (30 May 2015). "Lord Marchmain and the 7th Earl". Evelyn Waugh Society. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  27. ^ Pryce-Jones, David (March 2013). "The pen is mightier". The New Criterion. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  28. ^ Mulvagh, Jane (24 May 2008). "Evelyn Waugh: a blueprint for Brideshead". The Daily Telegraph.
  29. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36831. London. 28 July 1902. p. 9. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^ "Lady Sibell Rowley" (obituary) Daily Telegraph, 16 November 2005.
  31. ^ "Obituaries: Lady Dorothy Heber Percy". The Daily Telegraph. 17 November 2001.
  32. ^ "The scandal that shook Brideshead. "..back in England, Lady Beauchamp was even more isolated. Estranged from all her children, save for Dickie, she led a pitiful existence: alone, confused, ill and in thrall to her bullying brother. Lady Beauchamp's children never made peace with her. She died in 1936, five years after her husband's flight. She was only 59."

Bibliography

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Government offices
Preceded by Governor of New South Wales
1899–1901
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms
1905–1907
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Steward
1907–1910
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord President of the Council
1910
Succeeded by
Preceded by First Commissioner of Works
1910–1914
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord President of the Council
1914–1915
Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Liberals in the House of Lords
1924–1931
Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of London
1929–1931
Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Gloucestershire
1911–1931
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
1913–1934
Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Earl Beauchamp
1891–1938
Succeeded by