The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Lewis & Clark' (trade name Prairie Expedition) is a development from the North Dakota State University (NDSU) Research Foundation breeding programme, released in 2004 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the eponymous expedition.[1] The cultivar was cloned from a tree discovered in 1994 along the Wild Rice River south west of Fargo, North Dakota, where all those around it had succumbed to Dutch elm disease; the tree remains in perfect health (2008). Prairie Expedition proved only moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 62.6% overall, potentially due to environmental factors rather than susceptibility to Dutch elm disease.[2] Nevertheless, Prairie Expedition is considered the hardiest of the American Elm cultivars, able to survive in Zone 3 (-40 to -34 Celsius). [3]
| Ulmus americana 'Lewis & Clark' = Prairie Expedition | |
|---|---|
 'Lewis & Clark', Boarhunt, UK, age 20 yrs | |
| Species | Ulmus americana |
| Cultivar | 'Lewis & Clark' |
| Marketing names | Prairie Expedition |
| Origin | North Dakota State University Research Foundation, US |
Prairie Expedition was introduced to the UK in 2008 by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Branch, Butterfly Conservation, as part of an assessment of DED-resistant cultivars as potential hosts of the endangered White-letter Hairstreak.[4]
Description
edit-
Foliage, midsummer -
Foliage, October
Prairie Expedition is distinguished in maturity by its broad umbrella crown and dark green foliage.[5] However, the tree was judged to have little ornamental value in the National Elm Trial . [3] The clone grows moderately quickly, averaging an increase of > 1 m in height per annum when young, reaching a height of <17 m in 25 to 30 years.[6] The leaves are < 13 cm in length by 9 cm broad, coarsely-toothed, and with a 4 mm petiole.
Pests and diseases
editPossession of an innate resistance to Dutch elm disease was suggested after inoculation with the causal fungus at the NDSU,[7] however replication of the tests is considered too limited to be conclusive. No other specific information available, but the species as a whole is highly susceptible to Elm Yellows; it is also moderately preferred for feeding and reproduction by the adult Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola,[8] and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica [9][10] in the United States. U. americana is also the most susceptible of all the elms to verticillium wilt.[11][10]
Cultivation
editPrairie Expedition has been included in the National Elm Trial coordinated by Colorado State University. The tree is in commerce in the US, and was introduced to the UK from Canada by Butterfly Conservation in 2008,[4] and thence to the Netherlands in 2010.
Etymology
editThe tree is named for the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804.
Accessions
editNorth America
edit- North Dakota State University, US. No details known.
Europe
edit- Great Fontley, Fareham, UK, Butterfly Conservation Elm trials plantation, Home Field. One tree planted 2008, d.b.h. 9.5 cm in 2020
- Wijdemeren city council, The Netherlands, Elm collection. Two trees planted 2016 Rading 1, Loosdrecht.
Nurseries
editNorth America
edit- Bylands Nurseries Ltd., Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
- Patmore Nursery, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.
- Sester Farms, Gresham, Oregon, US.
- Sun Valley Garden Centre, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, US.
References
edit- ^ "Ulmus americana 'Lewis & Clark' PRAIRIE EXPEDITION". Plant Finder. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ Griffin, J.; et al. (2017). "Ten-Year Performance of the United States National Elm Trial" (PDF). Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 43(3):107–120. International Society of Arboriculture, Atlanta, US.
- ^ a b West, T. P. (2022) Elms, the Good, the Bad and the Ugly. NDSU North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. [1]
- ^ a b Brookes, A. H. (2020). Great Fontley Elm Trial, 2020 Report. Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, England.
- ^ "Prairie Expedition Elm". Sun Valley Garden Center. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011.
- ^ "Plant Sciences - Horticulture Varieties". NDSU/RF. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007.
- ^ Capps, T. K. (1996). Selection, propagation and inoculation of American Elms with potential Dutch elm disease resistance. MSc thesis, NDSU.
- ^ Miller, Fredric; Ware, George (2001-02-01). "Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) to Feeding by the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 94 (1). Oxford University Press (OUP): 162–166. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162. ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 11233108. S2CID 42980569.
- ^ Miller, Fredric; Ware, George; Jackson, Jennifer (2001-04-01). "Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms ( Ulmus spp.) for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 94 (2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 445–448. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445. ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 11332837. S2CID 7520439.
- ^ a b "Elm Leaf Beetle Survey". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- ^ Pegg, G. F. & Brady, B. L. (2002). Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing. ISBN 0-85199-529-2
External links
edit- U. americana Lewis & Clark Prairie Expedition NDSU Plant Sciences Introduction.
- National Elm Trial