The Santo Domingo Metro (Spanish: Metro de Santo Domingo) is a rapid transit system in Greater Santo Domingo. Serving the capital of the Dominican Republic, it is the most extensive metro system in the insular Caribbean and Central American region by length and number of stations. It began operation on January 30, 2009.
The Metro is a major part of the "National Master Plan" to improve transportation in Greater Santo Domingo and the rest of the nation. The first line was planned to relieve traffic congestion on the Máximo Gómez and Hermanas Mirabal Avenue thoroughfares, which connect Santo Domingo. The second line, which opened in April 2013, is meant to relieve the congestion along the Duarte-Kennedy-Centenario Corridor in the city from west to east. The current length of the Metro, with the sections of the two lines open as of August 2013, is 27.35 kilometres (16.99 mi).[2][3] Before the second line's opening, 30,856,515 passengers had ridden the Santo Domingo Metro in 2012.[1] With both lines opened, ridership increased to 61,270,054 passengers in 2014.[5]
Four more lines are planned to be constructed in the near future, for a total of six lines.
Overview
editThe first line was unofficially inaugurated on February 27, 2008.[6] On December 22, 2008, non-commercial operation of the metro system began and provided free service to the public during the Christmas holiday season. The metro was closed on January 6, 2009, for final touches before it opened for commercial use on January 30, 2009.[7]
Shortly after the inauguration of Line 1, presidential elections took place in the Dominican Republic. President Leonel Fernández stayed in power and promised to continue the expansion of the Metro across the Greater Santo Domingo. By mid-2009, construction of Line 2 had commenced and it opened on April 1, 2013.[8] An approval for an expansion of the second line was issued January 2014,[9] with construction beginning on April 1, 2014.[10]
Approval and construction
editLine 1
editPresident Leonel Fernández proposed and started the construction of the first subway system in the Dominican Republic and the second in the Caribbean. The actual first phase of the overall "Master Plan" for the Metro took place once Fernandez had proposed the construction of the Juan Bosch Bridge. The bridge was built with support for two heavy rail lines on the deck that until the third line of the system gets built are being used for regular vehicle traffic. This phase took place under Fernandez's first administration and with very little public knowledge of the Master Plan.[citation needed]
The project was prompted by the need to reduce the continually-rising heavy road traffic congestion; the current disorganized and inefficient public transportation system; and air pollution, which severely affects the residents' productive time and the health. The system will complement other forms of public transportation such as OMSA (Metropolitan Office of Buses Services) buses, with the government estimating that around 100 feeder buses will be in service. The first line of the mass-transit system has sixteen stations: six elevated, ten underground. It has a total route length of 14.5 km (9.0 mi) and connects Villa Mella in Santo Domingo Norte with La Feria in Santo Domingo. That is expected to bring relief to the city's current public transport system. Daily ridership is expected to be about 200,000 passengers once other lines or at least the feeder bus system is integrated. The first line opened for commercial service on January 30, 2009.
On September 23, 2007, President Fernández while on a trip to the East Coast of the United States announced that stations on the Santo Domingo Metro were not to be named by the streets that they intercepted but instead named to honor important historical people of the Dominican Republic. On February 25, 2008, during the final testing before the official inauguration of the line by President Fernández, Ing. Diandino Peña announced the official names for the stations.[11]
Line 2
editIn the presidential elections that took place on May 16, 2008, President Fernández was re-elected for his second consecutive term. However, long before his re-election, companies that specialize in studying land composition had begun drilling holes specifically around the area at which Line 2 (along Avenida John F. Kennedy, a major throughway in the city that turns into Duarte Highway, connecting the city with Santiago) was being built.
Line 2 runs east–west under Avenida John F. Kennedy from the westernmost metropolitan stretch of the city to the eastern part of the city. The line would be underground in its entire 22 km (14 mi) course and intersect Line 1 in the heart of the city. Line 2 will cost about twice as Line 1 to complete because of its length. The economic burden that it would place on the national budget caused the decision, which was officially announced in September 2009, to construct it in two phases.
The first phase will be from Los Alcarrizos to Puente de la 17,[12] where it will cross the first line. A second phase will complete the line from Puente de la 17 [12] to San Isidro, in the eastern portion of Santo Domingo Este. Images gathered in news sites and forums show that construction is more advanced than what the government initially wanted to inform the press.[citation needed] Ultimately, the project has been reduced to ensure the conclusion and operation of a second line by the end of the 2008-2012 presidential term. Line 2 will operate from a station at Avenida Gregorio Luperón to a station before Puente de la 17, at Avenida Francisco del Rosario Sánchez.
Line 2 opened on April 1, 2013.[8] An approval for an expansion of the second line was issued January 2014,[9] and construction began on April 1, 2014.[10] The extension was completed and was officially opened on August 8, 2018.[13]
Rolling stock
edit
The French firm Alstom supplied a total of 19 Alstom Metropolis 9000 three-car trainsets (57 cars) from its factories in Belgium, France and Spain in a contract worth 92.5 million euros. The cars are almost identical to the 9000 series on the Barcelona Metro except for the livery.[14] In January 2011, an order was announced for a further 15 Alstom trainsets for Line 2.[15] In January 2023, an order was announced for the supply of a further 10 three-car Alstom Metropolis trainsets. Once delivered, the total number of trainsets in the fleet will be brought to 64.[16]
The first train was shipped from Barcelona in December 2007 and arrived on January 3, 2008. The standard gauge units have air-conditioning, CCTV, and passenger information and can accommodate 617 passengers per trainset.[17] The trains initially consist of three cars, but all stations are being built to accommodate six-car trains in anticipation of expected future ridership demand. Seventeen trainsets will normally be in service, with two sets as spares.[18]
Unlike many rapid transit systems, Santo Domingo Metro trains do not collect power from a third rail, as trainsets collect their power from an overhead line system.
Station locations
edit
Line 1[2] 14.5 km (9.0 mi)[2] Villa Mella to Centro de los Héroes 16 stations[2] |
Line 2[3] 16.5 km (10.3 mi)[3] Ave. Luperón to Carretera Mella 18 stations[3] |
|
Boleto Viajero
edit | |
| Location | Greater Santo Domingo |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2009 |
| Technology | |
| Operator | Thales |
| Manager | OPRET |
| Currency | DOP |
| Stored-value | Viajes |
| Credit expiry | None |
| Validity |
|
| Retailed |
|
The Boleto Viajero is a reloadable contactless smart card used for electronic transit fare payment by riders of the Santo Domingo Metro.
The card can be acquired in a Santo Domingo Metro station for DOP$60 with a minimum reload of 5 rides (DOP$100). It is offered as an alternative to the single-use cardboard cards. Even though the cardboard cards have a lower initial cost (DOP$15), they cannot be reloaded and must be discarded after their use.
Although OPRET lists price amounts against number of rides (viajes), the card records its balance in DOP. A bonus is also provided for 10 or 20 ride reloads.
| Rides | Cost | Card balance |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | DOP$20 | DOP$20 |
| 10 | DOP$185 | DOP$200 |
| 20 | DOP$360 | DOP$400 |
As identification is not required to purchase the card, and Boleto Viajero cards cannot be registered. OPRET does not refund users in the event of loss or damage. The card must be reloaded in person at a ticket vending booth, as OPRET does not offer Internet or phone-based top-up services. Automatic top-ups are also not available.
The Boleto Viajero cards are based on NXP MIFARE Classic chips and can be read by any ISO/IEC 14443 Type A reader. The single-use cardboard cards as of 2022 use NXP MIFARE Ultralight. However, only the card's manufacturer information (sector 0) is readable by the general public, as all of the remaining blocks are encrypted by using an unknown key.
Network map
edit
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Estadísticas de peaje y tiempo de recorrido al 2013" [Statistics of tolls and times of route 2013] (PDF). opret.gob.do (in Spanish). Oficina para el Reordenamiento de Transporte (OPRET). p. 2. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ a b c d e f "Línea 1" [Line 1] (in Spanish). Oficina para el Reordenamiento de Transporte (OPRET). Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ a b c d e f "Línea 2 - 1ra Etapa" [Line 2 - 1st Stage] (in Spanish). Oficina para el Reordenamiento de Transporte (OPRET). Archived from the original on 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
- ^ "Informe de Evolución de la Demanda Diciembre 2014" [Report on Changes in Demand December 2014] (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección de Operaciones Metro de Santo Domingo [Directorate of Operations Santo Domingo Metro]. January 7, 2015. p. 11. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ a b "Informe de Evolución de la Demanda Diciembre 2014" [Report on Changes in Demand December 2014] (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección de Operaciones Metro de Santo Domingo [Directorate of Operations Santo Domingo Metro]. January 7, 2015. p. 7. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ "El Metro redefinirá la dominicanidad, según Diandino Peña" [The Metro redefines the Dominicans, according to Diandino Peña] (in Spanish). La Verdad. January 30, 2009.
- ^ "Santo Domingo metro enters service". Railway Gazette International. January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ a b Schwandl, Robert. "Santo Domingo". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ a b Rosario, Anabel (February 10, 2013). "Gobierno reiniciará la II Línea del Metro" [Government restarts Metro Line 2]. El Nuevo Diario (in Spanish). Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ a b Libre, Diario (April 1, 2014). "Comienzan excavaciones para extensión de la segunda línea del Metro" [Excavations begin for extension of the second line of the Metro] (in Spanish). Metro de Santo Domingo (Blog). Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ "NOMBRES POLÍTICOS ESTACIONES - Ministro de Madrid dice el Metro de Santo Domingo está a nivel del que funciona en España". La República. February 25, 2008. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ^ a b "Puente Francisco del Rosario Sánchez".
- ^ "Commuters flock to new Metro Line by the thousands". DominicanToday.com. August 9, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
- ^ "City News July 2006". Railway Gazette International. July 1, 2006. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ "World rolling stock market January 2011". January 7, 2011. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ "Alstom signs a new contract to supply Metropolis trains to the Santo Domingo Metro". Alstom. January 11, 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ "Santo Domingo metro delivery". Railway Gazette International. December 18, 2007. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ "ALSTOM to deliver Santo Domingo's first metro". Alstom. June 2006. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
External links
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Media related to Santo Domingo Metro at Wikimedia Commons
- Mashup Subway of Santo Domingo (in Spanish)
- Android App of the Subway of Santo Domingo (in English)
- OPRET – official site (in Spanish)
- Metro de Santo Domingo (in Spanish)