Kolkwitzia amabilis /kɒlˈkwɪtsiə əˈmæbɪlɪs/,[2] commonly known as beauty bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is the sole species in genus Kolkwitzia.[1] It is a deciduous shrub grown as an ornamental plant. In China, where it originated, the plant is called wèi shí [3] (蝟实).[4]
| Beauty bush | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Dipsacales |
| Family: | Caprifoliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Linnaeoideae |
| Genus: | Kolkwitzia Graebn. (1901) |
| Species: | K. amabilis
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| Binomial name | |
| Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn. (1901)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
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The plant is an arching, spreading shrub, with light brown flaky bark and graceful arching branches, which can grow higher than 8 ft (2.4 m) tall. It is usually as wide as it is tall. The plant blooms in late spring. Its light pink flowers, dark pink in the bud, are about one-inch long and bell-shaped ("tubular campanulate"); they grow in pairs, as with all Caprifoliaceae, and form showy, numerous sprays along ripened wood. Its leaves are opposite, simple, and ovate, from 0.5 to 3 in (1.3 to 7.6 cm) long, entire or with a few sparse shallow teeth. Its fruit is a hairy, ovoid capsule approximately 0.25 in (0.6 cm) inches long.[citation needed]
Taxonomy
editThe species was first described by Paul Graebner and placed in the new genus Kolkwitzia, whose name honours Richard Kolkwitz, a professor of botany in Berlin.[5] The specific epithet amabilis means "lovely".[6]
History
editThe beauty bush originates in Central China, where it has been discovered for western science twice; once by the Jesuit missionary Giuseppe Giraldi in Shaanxi, and then in western Hubei province by the British explorer and plant collector E.H. Wilson.[7] Wilson sent plant material to his sponsors Veitch Nurseries in Exeter in 1901, where the shrub flowered for the first time in 1910.[8] The shrub became very popular in the eastern United States following World War I – almost a defining shrub in American gardens made between the World Wars. It is very rare and threatened in the wild.
Cultivation
editNumerous cultivars have been developed for garden use. The cultivar 'Pink Cloud' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9] [10]
Pruning
editOpinions differ concerning how much pruning the shrub needs. The University of Missouri Horticulture Department suggests minimal intervention, so long as the plant has enough room to develop, up to a maximum height of 15 ft (4.6 m) and a potential "spread" of 8 ft (2.4 m).[11] Others suggest more active intervention to encourage development of new flowering branches and buds, with decisive pruning immediately after flowering.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ "Wei Shi Shu Images, Stock Photos & Vectors | Shutterstock".
- ^ "4. KOLKWITZIA Graebner, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 593. 1901" (PDF). Harvard University Herbaria.
- ^ Albert, Render (1917). L.H. Bailey (ed.). The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. London: MacMillan & Co., Ltd. pp. 1757.
Kolkwitzia amabilis.
- ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
- ^ St Andrews Botanical Garden: Kolkwitzia amabilis Archived 2008-06-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964) 1992, s.v. "Kolkwitzia"
- ^ "'Kolkwitzia amabilis 'Pink Cloud'". www.rhs.org. RHS. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 57. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ Relf, Diane; Appleton, Bonnie Lee (2000). "Selecting Landscape Plants: Deciduous Shrubs". Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri. hdl:10919/23460.
- ^ "Pruning Kolkwitzia amabilis - How/when to prune Beauty Bush". 23 June 2020.
External links
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- Qiner Yang and Sven Landrein, "Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebner, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 593. 1901", Flora of China