Linshcosteus is a genus of assassin bugs in the subfamily Triatominae (the kissing bugs). It is the only genus of Triatomines restricted to the Old World within the mostly Neotropical subfamily Triatominae (a few Triatoma species are known from the Old World and one New World species Triatoma rubrofasciata has been spread by humans across the tropics) and consists of six species restricted to peninsular India. Within the Triatominae, the genus is differentiated by the lack of a prosternal stridulatory furrow and a short rostrum that does not reach the prosternum.[1] Adults feed on vertebrate blood.[2]
| Linshcosteus | |
|---|---|
| |
| L. carnifex | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Reduviidae |
| Subfamily: | Triatominae |
| Genus: | Linshcosteus Distant, 1904 |
| Type species | |
| L. carnifex | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
The head is cylindrical and as long as the pronotum and scutellum combined. The is a sinuate constriction behind the eye. The portion in front of the head is nearly three times the length of the portion behind. The antennae are closer to the tip than to the eye and the first joint of the antenna reaches just short of the tip of the head while the second segment is as long as the head portion in front of the eye.[3]
Many species are found under rocks or in cavities inside tree. New World triatomines are found in sheltered locations where vertebrate hosts like bats or rodents may be easily found.[4] L. carnifex is found only in northern India in moist forest while L. confumus and L. costalis are associated with deciduous forest in Peninsular India. L. kali is known from near the Coimbatore region while L. karupus is found further south in Tamil Nadu.[5][6][7] The peculiar distribution of this genus restricted to the Old World while all other triatomines are restricted to the New World has led to questions on the phylogeny and placement.[8] It has been speculated that species in the genus may be involved in the transmission of leprosy.[9]
Species list
editThe following species have been described in the genus:
- L. carnifex Distant , 1904 - Bellary (possibly also Kanpur)
- L. confumus Ghauri, 1976 - Bangalore (Kodigehalli)
- L. chota Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979 - "South India"
- L. costalis Ghauri, 1976 - Bangalore (Kodigehalli)
- L. kali Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979 - Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
- L. karupus Galvão, Patterson, Rocha & Jurberg, 2002 - Kalakkadu, Tamil Nadu
References
edit- ^ Galvão C, Patterson JS, Da Silva Rocha D, Jurberg J, Carcavallo R, Rajen K, et al. (March 2002). "A new species of Triatominae from Tamil Nadu, India". Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 16 (1): 75–82. doi:10.1046/j.0269-283x.2002.00351.x. PMID 11963984.
- ^ Schaefer AW, Coscarón MC (November 2001). "The status of Linshcosteus in the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)". Journal of Medical Entomology. 38 (6): 862–7. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.6.862. PMID 11761385. S2CID 22886193.
- ^ Distant WL (1904). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. II. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 287.
- ^ Gorla DE, Dujardin JP, Schofield CJ (February 1997). "Biosystematics of Old World Triatominae". Acta Tropica. 63 (2–3): 127–40. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(97)87188-4. PMID 9088426.
- ^ Ghauri MS (1976). "The Indian triatomine genus Linshcosteus (Reduviidae)". Systematic Entomology. 1 (3): 183–187. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00037.x. S2CID 84755022.
- ^ Monteiro FA, Weirauch C, Felix M, Lazoki C, Abad-Franch F (2018). "Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography of the Triatominae". In Rollinson D, Stothard JR (eds.). Advances in Parasitology. Volume 99. Academic Press. pp. 265–325.
- ^ Galvão C, McAloon FM, Rocha DS, Schaefer CW, Patterson J, Jurberg J (2005-11-01). "Description of Eggs and Nymphs of Linshcosteus karupus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 98 (6): 861–872. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0861:DOEANO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 84729434.
- ^ Schaefer AW, Coscarón MC (November 2001). "The status of Linshcosteus in the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)". Journal of Medical Entomology. 38 (6): 862–7. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.6.862. PMID 11761385. S2CID 22886193.
- ^ Vieira CB, Praça YR, Bentes KL, Santiago PB, Silva SM, Silva GD, et al. (2018-11-16). "Triatomines: Trypanosomatids, Bacteria, and Viruses Potential Vectors?". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 8: 405. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00405. PMC 6250844. PMID 30505806.