The Arjuna Award, officially known as the Arjuna Awards for Outstanding Performance in Sports and Games,[1] is the sports honour of the Republic of India.It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. Before the introduction of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 1991–1992, the Arjuna award was the highest sporting honour of India.[2][3] As of 2020[update], the award comprises "a bronze statuette of Arjuna, certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash prize of ₹15 lakh (US$18,000)."[a]
| Arjuna Award | |
|---|---|
| Civilian award for outstanding individual achievements in National Sports | |
 | |
| Sponsored by | Government of India |
| Established | 1961 |
| First awarded | 1961 |
| Highlights | |
| Total awarded | 147 |
Name
editThe award is named after Arjuna, a character from the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India. He is one of the Pandavas, depicted as a skilled archer winning the hand of Draupadi in marriage and in the Kurukshetra War, Lord Krishna becomes his charioteer teaching him the sacred knowledge of Gita.[4] In Hindu mythology, he has been seen as a symbol of hard work, dedication and concentration.[5]
History
editInstituted in 1961 to honour the outstanding sportspersons of the country,[6] the award over the years has undergone a number of expansions, reviews, and rationalizations. The award was expanded to include all the recognised disciplines in 1977, has introduced indigenous games and physically handicapped categories in 1995 and introduced a lifetime contribution category in 1995 leading to creation of a separate Dhyan Chand Award in 2002.[7][8] The latest revision in 2018 stipulates that the award is given only to the disciplines included in the events like Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, World Championship and World Cup along with Cricket, Indigenous Games, and Parasports. It also recommends giving only fifteen awards in a year, relaxing in case of excellent performance in major multi-sport events, team sports, across gender and giving away of at least one award to physically challenged category.[1]
The nominations for the award are received from all government-recognised National Sports Federations, the Indian Olympic Association, the Sports Authority of India (SAI), the Sports Promotion and Control Boards, the state and the union territory governments and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna, Dhyan Chand and Dronacharya awardees of the previous years. The recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are honoured for their "good performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at international level and for having shown "qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline".[1]
Recipients
editA total of 147 awards were presented in the 1990s – thirteen in 1990, followed by eight in 1991, seven in 1992, ten in 1993, eight in 1994, nine in 1995, eighteen in 1996, twenty-one in 1997, thirty in 1998 and twenty-three in 1999. Individuals from twenty-nine different sports were awarded, which includes twenty-one from hockey, twenty from athletics, eleven from kabaddi, nine each from boxing, cricket, shooting and weightlifting, eight from wrestling, four each from badminton, golf, judo, lawn tennis, rowing, swimming and yachting, three each from table tennis and volleyball, two each from archery, football and squash, and one each from basketball, billiards & snooker, bodybuilding, carrom, chess, equestrian, gymnastics, kho kho and powerlifting.[9]
Amongst the notable winners was Leander Paes (awarded in 1990), considered one of the greatest doubles players in tennis history. He won eight Grand Slam doubles titles and ten Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. He also won the bronze medal in men's single tennis at 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, being the first Indian individual medal winner at Olympics since 1952.[10] Cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar (awarded in 1994), considered one of the greatest batsmen of all time according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, was the first cricketer to score 100 centuries in international competition.[11] He is also the highest run scorer of all time in International cricket and the first sportsperson to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 2014.[11] Dhanraj Pillay (awarded in 1995), was a field hockey player and the captain of the India national team. He is regarded as one of best Indian players of all times, having made three hundred and thirty-nine appearances for the national team and having scored a hundred and seventy goals.[12] Another cricketer Rahul Dravid (awarded in 1998), nicknamed The Wall for "the sense of permanence to be found in his batting", is the fourth highest run-scorer in Test cricket and is considered one of the greatest batsmen of all time.[13]
List of recipients
edit
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|---|
§ Indicates Para sports
|
+ Indicates a Lifetime contribution honour
|
# Indicates a posthumous honour
|
| Year | Recipient | Sport | Gender |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | R. Chandra | Weightlifting | Male |
| 1990 | Bula Choudhury | Swimming | Female |
| 1990 | Kunjarani Devi | Weightlifting | Female |
| 1990 | M. R. Dharuvala | Squash | Male |
| 1990 | Pushpendra Kumar Garg | Yachting | Male |
| 1990 | Anupama Gokhale | Chess | Female |
| 1990 | Leander Paes | Lawn Tennis | Male |
| 1990 | Deena Ram | Athletics | Male |
| 1990 | Dalel Singh Ror | Volleyball | Male |
| 1990 | Hardeep Singh | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1990 | Jagbir Singh | Hockey | Male |
| 1990 | Ombir Singh | Wrestling | Male |
| 1990 | M. S. Walia | Table Tennis | Male |
| 1991 | Chhaya Adak | Weightlifting | Female |
| 1991 | Rajeev Bagga | Badminton§ | Male |
| 1991 | Limba Ram | Archery | Male |
| 1991 | Ali Sher | Golf | Male |
| 1991 | Adhiraj Singh | Equestrian | Male |
| 1991 | Dalvir Singh | Rowing | Male |
| 1991 | K. Udayakumar | Volleyball | Male |
| 1991 | Dharmendra Singh Yadav | Boxing | Male |
| 1992 | E. S. Bhaskaran | Powerlifting | Male |
| 1992 | Sandeep Byala | Judo | Male |
| 1992 | Mervyn Fernandis | Hockey | Male |
| 1992 | Bahadur Prasad | Athletics | Male |
| 1992 | Rajendra Prasad | Boxing | Male |
| 1992 | Sanjeeva Kumar Singh | Archery | Male |
| 1992 | Pappu Yadav | Wrestling | Male |
| 1993 | Cawas Billimoria | Judo | Male |
| 1993 | Ashok Kumar Garg | Wrestling | Male |
| 1993 | Mukund Killekar | Boxing | Male |
| 1993 | Kiran More | Cricket | Male |
| 1993 | Homi Motivala | Yachting | Male |
| 1993 | Manoj Pingale | Boxing | Male |
| 1993 | Manoj Prabhakar | Cricket | Male |
| 1993 | K. Saramma | Athletics | Female |
| 1993 | Bharati Singh | Weightlifting | Female |
| 1993 | Mansher Singh | Shooting | Male |
| 1994 | R. S. Bhanwala | Rowing | Male |
| 1994 | Rosa Kutty | Athletics | Female |
| 1994 | Karnam Malleswari | Weightlifting | Female |
| 1994 | Subbiah Rajaratnam | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1994 | Jaspal Rana | Shooting | Male |
| 1994 | Jude Felix Sabastian | Hockey | Male |
| 1994 | Ashok D. Shinde | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1994 | Sachin Tendulkar | Cricket | Male |
| 1995 | Mahesh Bhupathi | Lawn Tennis | Male |
| 1995 | Venkatesan Devarajan | Boxing | Male |
| 1995 | P. Ganesan | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1995 | Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla | Athletics§ | Female |
| 1995 | Mukesh Kumar | Hockey | Male |
| 1995 | Anil Kumble | Cricket | Male |
| 1995 | Dhanraj Pillay | Hockey | Male |
| 1995 | Jyotirmoyee Sikdar | Athletics | Female |
| 1995 | Shakti Singh | Athletics | Male |
| 1996 | Ashish Ballal | Hockey | Male |
| 1996 | Ajit Bhaduria | Athletics | Male |
| 1996 | Shriram Bhavsar | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1996 | Poonam Chopra | Judo | Female |
| 1996 | Neta Moreshwar Dadwe | Kabaddi | Female |
| 1996 | Sandeep Singh Dhillon | Badminton§ | Male |
| 1996 | Kalle Gowda | Athletics & Cricket§ | Male |
| 1996 | A. Maria Irudayam | Carrom | Male |
| 1996 | Moraad Ali Khan | Shooting | Male |
| 1996 | V. Kutraleeswaran | Swimming | Male |
| 1996 | Amit Luthra | Golf | Male |
| 1996 | Gaurav Natekar | Lawn Tennis | Male |
| 1996 | Kelly Subbanand Rao# | Yachting | Male |
| 1996 | Rajkumar Sangwan | Boxing | Male |
| 1996 | Javagal Srinath | Cricket | Male |
| 1996 | A. B. Subbaiah | Hockey | Male |
| 1996 | Padmini Thomas | Athletics | Female |
| 1996 | Surender Singh Waldia | Rowing | Male |
| 1997 | Reeth Abraham | Athletics | Female |
| 1997 | Chetan Baboor | Table Tennis | Male |
| 1997 | Sourav Ganguly | Cricket | Male |
| 1997 | Misha Grewal | Squash | Female |
| 1997 | Asif Ismail | Lawn Tennis | Male |
| 1997 | Ajay Jadeja | Cricket | Male |
| 1997 | Harmik Kahlon | Golf | Male |
| 1997 | Sanjay Kumar | Wrestling | Male |
| 1997 | Satendra Kumar | Shooting | Male |
| 1997 | N. Laxmi | Weightlifting | Female |
| 1997 | M. Mahadev | Athletics & Cricket§ | Male |
| 1997 | Brahmanand Sankhwalkar | Football | Male |
| 1997 | Ashok Harishankar Shandilya | Billiards & Snooker | Male |
| 1997 | Naresh Kumar Sharma | Shooting§ | Male |
| 1997 | Paramjit Sharma | Weightlifting | Male |
| 1997 | Harmik Singh | Hockey | Male |
| 1997 | Jagdish Singh | Wrestling | Male |
| 1997 | Rajinder Singh | Hockey | Male |
| 1997 | Randhir Singh | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1997 | Shilpi Singh | Shooting | Female |
| 1997 | Surinder Singh Sodhi | Hockey | Male |
| 1998 | Bhaichung Bhutia | Football | Male |
| 1998 | Baljit Singh Dhillon | Hockey | Male |
| 1998 | Rahul Dravid | Cricket | Male |
| 1998 | Anju Dua | Gymnastics§ | Female |
| 1998 | S. D. Eshan | Athletics | Male |
| 1998 | Maharaj Krishan Kaushik | Hockey | Male |
| 1998 | Ashan Kumar | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1998 | S. Omana Kumari | Hockey | Female |
| 1998 | Rachita Mistry | Athletics | Male |
| 1998 | Nayan Mongia | Cricket | Male |
| 1998 | Shobha Narayan | Kho Kho | Female |
| 1998 | Biswajit Palit | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1998 | T. V. Pauly | Bodybuilding | Male |
| 1998 | Kaka Pawar | Wrestling | Male |
| 1998 | Satheesha Rai | Weightlifting | Male |
| 1998 | Sri Chand Ram | Athletics | Male |
| 1998 | Subramaniam Raman | Table Tennis | Male |
| 1998 | Ranjini Ramanujam | Badminton§ | Female |
| 1998 | Surjit Singh Randhawa# | Hockey | Male |
| 1998 | Mohammed Riaz | Hockey | Male |
| 1998 | Bhanu Sachdeva | Swimming | Male |
| 1998 | Manavjit Singh Sandhu | Shooting | Male |
| 1998 | Baldev Singh | Hockey | Male |
| 1998 | Dingko Singh | Boxing | Male |
| 1998 | Narender Singh | Judo | Male |
| 1998 | Neelam Jaswant Singh | Athletics | Female |
| 1998 | Paramjit Singh | Athletics | Male |
| 1998 | Rohtas Singh | Wrestling | Male |
| 1998 | Pritam Rani Siwach | Hockey | Female |
| 1998 | Roopa Unnikrishnan | Shooting | Female |
| 1999 | Parduman Singh Brar + | Athletics | Male |
| 1999 | Gulab Chand | Athletics | Male |
| 1999 | Sajjan Singh Cheema + | Basketball | Male |
| 1999 | Pullela Gopichand | Badminton | Male |
| 1999 | Gurmeet Kaur | Athletics | Female |
| 1999 | Haripal Kaushik + | Hockey | Male |
| 1999 | Balbir Singh Kullar + | Hockey | Male |
| 1999 | Ashok Kumar + | Wrestling | Male |
| 1999 | Jitender Kumar | Boxing | Male |
| 1999 | Nisha Millet | Swimming | Female |
| 1999 | Aashim Mongia | Yachting | Male |
| 1999 | Victor Philips + | Hockey | Male |
| 1999 | Tirath Raj + | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1999 | Sunita Rani | Athletics | Female |
| 1999 | Balwinder Singh + | Kabaddi | Male |
| 1999 | Dalbir Singh | Weightlifting | Male |
| 1999 | Gurcharan Singh | Boxing | Male |
| 1999 | Jagjit Singh | Rowing | Male |
| 1999 | Jeev Milkha Singh | Golf | Male |
| 1999 | Ramandeep Singh | Hockey | Male |
| 1999 | Sukhpal Singh | Volleyball | Male |
| 1999 | Vivek Singh | Shooting | Male |
| 1999 | G. Venkataravanappa + | Athletics§ | Male |
Explanatory notes
edit- ^ The cash prize was introduced in the year 1977–1978 as a scholarship of ₹200 (US$2.40) a month for 2 years.[14] It was revised to one time cash prize of ₹5,000 (US$60) in 1986,[15] to ₹20,000 (US$240) in 1987,[16] to ₹50,000 (US$600) in 1993,[17] to ₹1.5 lakh (US$1,800) in 1998,[18] to ₹3 lakh (US$3,600) in 2001,[19] to ₹5 lakh (US$6,000) in 2009,[20] and to ₹15 lakh (US$18,000) in 2020.[21]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Revised Scheme of Arjuna Award" (PDF). Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India). 7 September 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Chhetri, Vivek (30 May 2015). "Team spirit at its peak for Arjuna". Telegraph India. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Vishwanathan Anand gets Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 18 August 1992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Davis, Richard H. (26 October 2014). The Bhagavad Gita. ISBN 978-0-691-13996-8.
- ^ "Sports Ministry unveils new look Sports Awards" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Bhardwaj, D. K. "India in Sports: Some Fabulous Achievements". Press Information Bureau, India. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ^ "Cash awards for Arjuna winners" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 12 October 1977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Arjuna Awards further expanded" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 24 May 1995. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d "List of Arjuna Awardees (1961–2018)" (PDF). Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India). Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- "List of Arjuna Award Winners". All India Sport Council of the Deaf. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- "Government announces awards for sport persons" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 14 August 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- "President R.K.Narayan presents sports awards" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 29 August 1998. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- "Arjun Awards, Dronarchya Awards for 1998 presented" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 1 September 1999. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- "Arjuna Awards Presented" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 29 August 2000. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ "Leander Paes". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Sachin Tendulkar". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ "Dhanraj Pillay's 48th birthday: Some interesting facts that you should know". India Today. 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ Biswas, Soutik (9 March 2012). "The greatness of Rahul Dravid". BBC India. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ "Two years Scholarship for winners" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 27 October 1978. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Arjuna Award for 1986 to 13 Sports persons" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 12 January 1988. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Value of cash prize enhanced" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 30 May 1989. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Arjuna awards, Dronachrya awards for 1998 Presented" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 22 July 1993. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Value of cash prize enhanced" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 1 September 1998. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Arjuna Awards scheme Revised" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 3 April 2002. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Several initiatives undertaken for transformation of sports" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 22 December 2009. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Enhancement of cash amount of Sports Awards 2020" (PDF). Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India). 27 August 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.