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List of ambassadors of Australia to Ireland

(Redirected from List of Australian Ambassadors to Ireland)

The Ambassador of Australia to Ireland is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Embassy of the Commonwealth of Australia to Ireland in Dublin.[1] Prior to the establishment of a resident embassy in Rome in 2008, on occasions the position has also had non-resident accreditation as Australia's Ambassador to the Holy See.

Ambassador of Australia to Ireland
Incumbent
Gary Gray
since August 2020
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
StyleHis Excellency
Reports toMinister for Foreign Affairs
ResidenceAbbey Lea, Killiney
SeatEmbassy of Australia, Dublin
NominatorPrime Minister of Australia
AppointerGovernor-General of Australia
Inaugural holderWilliam Dignam (High Commissioner)
Formation4 December 1946
WebsiteAustralian Embassy, Ireland

On 26 June 2020, the Australian Government announced the appointment of former Australian politician Gary Gray as Australia's ambassador to Ireland.[2] Gray took up his office in August 2020 and presented his credentials to the President of Ireland on 25 September 2020.[3]

Posting history

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Formal diplomatic relations between Ireland and Australia were first established in 1945 by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and Prime Minister Ben Chifley, with an agreement to exchange representatives. Ireland sent Thomas J. Kiernan as its first envoy to Australia on 15 October 1946, and on 9 April 1946 Australia announced the appointment of barrister William Dignam as High Commissioner in Dublin, who took up his appointment from 4 December 1946.[4]

However, given Ireland's ambiguous status within the British Commonwealth after 1945, the title of the diplomatic postings and any letters of credence remained similarly ambiguous. In July 1945, when asked about whether he would make Ireland a republic, de Valera replied that "we are a republic",[5] and the Irish government announced its unease with any wording that emphasised its connection with the Commonwealth. Therefore, although Keirnan was officially appointed to Australia as a "High Commissioner" (the standard title for representatives between members of the Commonwealth), De Valera signed the letters of credence to the Australian Governor-General with Keirnan's title as the "Minister Plenipotentiary Representative of Ireland to Australia".[6] Keirnan's status was accepted and embraced by the Labor Party government in Canberra at the time, with the Minister for External Affairs, H. V. Evatt, having a good relationship with Keirnan.[6] De Valera later accepted a compromise for the appointment of Dignam with credentials appointing him as the "Representative of Australia" and "Australian High Commissioner".[6] Dignam arrived in Ireland in December 1946 and established the Australian High Commission at 62 Merrion Square in Dublin.[7]

However, despite a promising early start to the relationship, issues arose once the Irish Government passed The Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which came into effect from 18 April 1949, and finally severed any last links between Ireland, the British monarchy, and the Commonwealth. With the replacement of Chifley's government with the conservative Liberal-Country Coalition government of Robert Menzies in December 1949, Dignam was soon recalled from Dublin in April 1950, and in September 1950 the two governments agreed to upgrade the two posts to the status of embassy.[8] However, the new government nevertheless conveyed a greater degree of reluctance go any further, with new external affairs minister, Percy Spender, only agreeing to the appointment of a Chargé d'affaires (which did not require the exchange of official credentials) instead of an ambassador, with William Wynes taking up the appointment.[9][6]

In April 1953, Minister for External Affairs Richard Casey announced the appointment of Paul McGuire as the first Australian Ambassador to Ireland, saying that the Department of External Affairs was "inadequate in sufficiently senior and experienced career personnel to fill all the Australian posts abroad," and that it was necessary to draw on experienced people from outside the department to fill some overseas posts.[10] However, McGuire did not formally take up his post due to a protracted dispute between the Australian and Irish governments about the style of his credentials, with the Australian Government of the view that the term "Ireland" or "Republic of Ireland" ignored the status of Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom and implied a recognition of a united Ireland, and thus wanting for McGuire's title to be an "Ambassador to the Irish Republic" or "to Dublin", while the Irish Government wanted his title to be ambassador "to Ireland" or "to the President of the Republic of Ireland".[11] No agreement was secured between the two governments.[12][13][14] With the Australian Government of the view that the "cost of the post has not been warranted because of the small amount of diplomatic activity between Canberra and Dublin", Australia cancelled McGuire's appointment (he would later be appointed to Italy) and continued with the status quo of having a chargé d'affaires, with the Irish Government reciprocating in 1956 by withdrawing the designated ambassador since 1955, Brian Gallagher, and only appointing a resident chargé in Canberra.[6][15][16][17]

The dispute was not resolved until 1964, when the two governments reached an agreement, with the Irish chargé, Dr Eoin MacWhite, appointed "Ambassador of Ireland to the Commonwealth of Australia" on 15 May 1964.[18][19][20] This was followed by the Australian external affairs minister, Paul Hasluck, announcing the appointment of Hugh Roberton as the "Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary for the Commonwealth of Australia", on 11 January 1965.[21][22] Roberton presented his credentials to now-president De Valera in Dublin on 17 May 1965.[6]

Since that time, the posting has reflected the growth in relations between Ireland and Australia, facilitating several state visits to Ireland, including Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in 1974,[23][24] Governor-General Sir William Deane in 1999, and Prime Ministers Bob Hawke, Paul Keating and John Howard, who addressed the Dáil Éireann in 1987,[25][26] 1993,[27][28][29] and 2006, respectively.[30][31]

The position has regularly been filled in the past by former politicians (including Gary Gray, John Herron, Brian Burke, Bob Halverson and Vince Gair). Brian Burke resigned from office in July 1991 following allegations of official corruption and the commencement of the WA Inc royal commission relating to his time as premier of Western Australia.

The 'Gair Affair'

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Main article: Gair Affair

On 1 April 1974, Democratic Labor Party (DLP) Senator and former Labor Party premier of Queensland, Vince Gair, was appointed ambassador by the Labor Party Government of Gough Whitlam, ostensibly in order improve the government's chances of winning an additional Queensland seat in the Senate at the following election. However, when Gair delayed his formal resignation, and the conservative Queensland Government confounded this scheme by issuing writs for five rather than six Senate places, the situation (known as the "Gair Affair") resulted in the opposition and the DLP trying to block supply. Whitlam responded to this by obtaining a double dissolution election in May 1974, which saw the government returned and the defeat of all DLP senators.[32] Gair's term as ambassador proved to be short lived and just as tumultuous, with Gair being described as "not suited to diplomacy. He refused his officials' advice, antagonised the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs and his fellow heads of mission, [and] his inappropriate behaviour also led to the resignation of some female members of staff".[32] Gair was never well-liked by the opposition Liberal-County Coalition, having been outspoken in his criticisms on domestic politics and the Liberal opposition, and when Whitlam's government was replaced by the Liberal Opposition in November 1975, Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser advised Gair that his appointment had been terminated and announced his recall on 21 January 1976.[33]

 
The Australian Embassy, located since 2016 on St Stephen's Green, Dublin.

List of heads of mission

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# Officeholder Title Other offices Term start date Term end date Time in office Notes
1 William John Dignam High Commissioner N/A 4 December 1946 (1946-12-04) May 1950 (1950-05) 3 years, 4 months [4][34]
– William Anstey Wynes Chargé d'affaires September 1950 (1950-09) April 1952 (1952-04) 1 year, 7 months [35][36][37]
– Noël Deschamps April 1952 (1952-04) January 1953 (1953-01) 9 months [38]
– William Torrance Doig January 1953 (1953-01) 15 May 1956 (1956-05-15) 3 years, 4 months [39]
Credentials for Paul McGuire not offered/received due to title dispute (24 April 1953 – 14 January 1954)[40][41][42][43][44]
– Stewart Jamieson Chargé d'affaires N/A 15 May 1956 (1956-05-15) 29 November 1957 (1957-11-29) 1 year, 198 days [45][46]
– Noël Deschamps 7 February 1958 (1958-02-07) 18 March 1961 (1961-03-18) 3 years, 39 days [47]
– June Hyett Barnett 18 March 1961 (1961-03-18) 15 April 1961 (1961-04-15) 28 days [48]
– H. Douglas White 15 April 1961 (1961-04-15) 12 July 1963 (1963-07-12) 2 years, 88 days [49][50]
– Richard H. Gilman 12 July 1963 (1963-07-12) 27 February 1965 (1965-02-27) 1 year, 230 days [51]
– Ivor Gordon Bowden 27 February 1965 (1965-02-27) May 1965 (1965-05) 2 months [52]
2 Hugh Roberton Ambassador May 1965 (1965-05) 26 April 1968 (1968-04-26) 2 years, 11 months [53][54]
– K. I. Gates Chargé d'affaires 26 April 1968 (1968-04-26) October 1969 (1969-10) 1 year, 5 months [55]
3 Ralph Honner Ambassador October 1969 (1969-10) January 1972 (1972-01) 2 years, 3 months [56]
4 Keith Brennan January 1972 (1972-01) June 1974 (1974-06) 2 years, 5 months [57]
5 Vince Gair June 1974 (1974-06) March 1976 (1976-03) 1 year, 9 months [58][59]
6 Brian Hill March 1976 (1976-03) August 1978 (1978-08) 2 years, 5 months [60]
7 Ruth Dobson August 1978 (1978-08) September 1982 (1982-09) 4 years, 1 month [61]
8 Lloyd Thomson A September 1982 (1982-09) September 1983 (1983-09) 1 year [62]
9 Sir Peter Lawler A September 1983 (1983-09) December 1986 (1986-12) 3 years, 3 months [63]
10 Frank Milne N/A December 1986 (1986-12) August 1988 (1988-08) 1 year, 8 months [64][65]
11 Brian BurkeB A 5 June 1988 (1988-06-05) 31 July 1991 (1991-07-31) 3 years, 56 days [66][67][68]
12 Terence Barry McCarthy A August 1991 (1991-08) December 1994 (1994-12) 3 years, 4 months [69]
13 Edward John Stevens A December 1994 (1994-12) December 1998 (1998-12) 4 years [70]
14 Bob Halverson A February 1999 (1999-02) December 2002 (2002-12) 3 years, 10 months [71][72]
15 John Herron A January 2003 (2003-01) March 2006 (2006-03) 3 years, 2 months [73][74]
16 Anne Plunkett A March 2006 (2006-03) December 2009 (2009-12) 3 years, 9 months [75][76]
17 Bruce Davis N/A December 2009 (2009-12) December 2012 (2012-12) 3 years [77][78]
18 Ruth Adler January 2013 (2013-01) September 2016 (2016-09) 3 years, 8 months [79][80]
19 Richard Andrews September 2016 (2016-09) February 2020 (2020-02) 3 years, 5 months [81][82]
– Robert Owen-Jones Chargé d'affaires February 2020 (2020-02) August 2020 (2020-08) 6 months [83]
20 Gary Gray Ambassador August 2020 (2020-08) Incumbent 4 years, 2 months [2][84]

Notes

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^A Also non-resident Ambassador of Australia to the Holy See.
^B In April 1991, Burke resigned as ambassador with effect from 31 July 1991 in order to face a royal commission and was eventually jailed.

References

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  1. ^ CA 1330: Australian Embassy, Ireland [Dublin], National Archives of Australia, retrieved 7 May 2015
  2. ^ a b Payne, Marise (26 June 2020). "Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Minister for Foreign Affairs, Australian Government. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020.
  3. ^ Office of the President of Ireland. "Diary Ambassadors Present Their Credentials 25 September 2020". president.ie. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b "New Diplomatic Posts Abroad". The Herald. Victoria, Australia. 9 April 1946. p. 1. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ^ "Seanad Éireann - Volume 30 - 19 July, 1945" Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved on 14 March 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Lorna Lloyd (2021). "A Conflict over Credentials: Ireland-Australia 1953-1964". In Fleming, N. C.; Murphy, James H. (eds.). Ireland and Partition: Contexts and Consequences. Clemson University Press. pp. 49–74.
  7. ^ "An Australian In Merrion Square". Catholic Weekly. New South Wales, Australia. 8 May 1947. p. 10. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ "DR. T. J. KIERNAN NOW AMBASSADOR". The Southern Cross. South Australia. 29 September 1950. p. 7. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ "Australia, Eire to have embassies". News. South Australia. 13 September 1950. p. 8. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ "Mr. P. McGuire Ambassador to Ireland". The Canberra Times. ACT. 25 April 1953. p. 1.
  11. ^ "Italy likely for McGuire". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane, Queensland. 26 February 1954. p. 1.
  12. ^ "Rome job for McGuire". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. NSW. 16 March 1954. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Unable accept Irish viewpoint". Morning Bulletin. Rockhampton, QLD. 18 January 1954. p. 1.
  14. ^ "Irish question rears its head". The Daily News. Western Australia. 11 June 1955. p. 20 (SPORTS). Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
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  16. ^ "But not Forde". The Courier-mail. Queensland, Australia. 18 March 1953. p. 3. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
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  22. ^ "Mr. Roberton ambassador to Ireland". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 11 January 1965. p. 1. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ "Irish visit 'partly fence-mending'". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 23 December 1974. p. 9. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
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  25. ^ "A visit to Ireland for Hawke". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 9 September 1987. p. 3. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. ^ "Hawke receives a standing ovation". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 22 October 1987. p. 3. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  27. ^ "Republic another frontier: Keating". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 21 September 1993. p. 2. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
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  34. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 21 (5). Department of External Affairs: 360. May 1950. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  35. ^ "Establishment of Australian Embassy in Dublin: Statement by the Prime Minister and Acting Minister for External Affairs, the Rt. Hon. R. G. Menzies, K.C., M.P., 13th September, 1950". Current Notes on International Affairs. 21 (9). Department of External Affairs: 655. September 1950. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  36. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 21 (9). Department of External Affairs: 674. September 1950. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 23 (4). Department of External Affairs: 203. April 1952. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  38. ^ "List of Permanent Missions Overseas - Ireland". Current Notes on International Affairs. 23 (5). Department of External Affairs: 215. May 1952. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  39. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 24 (1). Department of External Affairs: 42. January 1953. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  40. ^ "Ambassador to Ireland: Statement by the Minister for External Affairs, the Rt. Hon. R. G. Casey, 24th April, 1953". Current Notes on International Affairs. 24 (4). Department of External Affairs: 241. April 1953. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  41. ^ "Ambassador to Ireland". Illawarra Daily Mercury. 25 April 1953. p. 1.
  42. ^ "D. P. McGUIRE APPOINTED AMBASSADOR TO IRELAND". The Sydney Morning Herald. New South Wales, Australia. 25 April 1953. p. 1. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  43. ^ "Australia Cancels Appointment Of Embassy To Ireland". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 15 January 1954. p. 1. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  44. ^ "Australian Representation at Dublin: Statement by the Minister for External Affairs, the Rt. Hon. R. G. Casey, 17th January, 1954". Current Notes on International Affairs. 25 (1). Department of External Affairs: 61–63. 31 January 1954. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  45. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 27 (5). Department of External Affairs: 335. May 1956. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  46. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 29 (1). Department of External Affairs: 68. January 1958. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  47. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 29 (2). Department of External Affairs: 128. February 1958. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  48. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 32 (3). Department of External Affairs: 69. March 1961. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  49. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 32 (4). Department of External Affairs: 69. April 1961. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  50. ^ "Diplomat for Nigeria". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 19 September 1967. p. 9. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  51. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 33 (7). Department of External Affairs: 75. July 1963. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  52. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 36 (2). Department of External Affairs: 107. February 1965. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  53. ^ "Ireland hails appointment of Ambassador". The Canberra Times. 14 January 1965. p. 4.
  54. ^ Hasluck, Paul (11 January 1965). "Australian Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  55. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 39 (4). Department of External Affairs: 161. April 1968. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  56. ^ Hasluck, Paul (21 July 1968). "Australian Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  57. ^ Bowen, Nigel (9 September 1971). "Australian Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  58. ^ "Return to politics possible". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 13 March 1976. p. 8. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  59. ^ "Date set for Gair". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 21 February 1976. p. 3. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  60. ^ Sinclair, Ian (12 March 1976). "Appointment of Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  61. ^ Sinclair, Ian (9 June 1978). "Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  62. ^ Street, Tony (24 July 1981). "Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  63. ^ Bowen, Lionel (10 May 1983). "Ambassador to Ireland and the Holy See" (Press release). Australian Government.
  64. ^ McGeough, Paul (23 December 1987). "This time, Dublin may be lucky". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 11.
  65. ^ Hayden, Bill (27 October 1986). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  66. ^ Hayden, Bill (22 December 1987). "Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  67. ^ Evans, Gareth (12 April 1991). "Ambassador Burke" (Press release). Australian Government.
  68. ^ Evans, Gareth (29 April 1991). "Mr Brian Burke" (Press release). Australian Government.
  69. ^ Evans, Gareth (5 July 1991). "Diplomatic Appointment - Ireland and the Holy See" (Press release). Australian Government.
  70. ^ Evans, Gareth (6 November 1994). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government.
  71. ^ Downer, Alexander (29 August 1998). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014.
  72. ^ "The Hon. Bob Halverson OBE - Ambassador to Ireland". Australian Heads of Mission. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 2 December 2002. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  73. ^ Downer, Alexander (5 September 2002). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014.
  74. ^ "The Hon. Dr John Herron - Ambassador to Ireland". Australian Heads of Mission. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 5 September 2005. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  75. ^ Downer, Alexander (16 January 2006). "Diplomatic Appointment: Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015.
  76. ^ "Ms Anne Plunkett - Ambassador to Ireland and the Holy See". Australian Heads of Mission. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 9 August 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  77. ^ Smith, Stephen (20 November 2009). "Diplomatic Appointment - Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015.
  78. ^ "Mr Bruce Davis - Ambassador to Ireland". Australian Heads of Mission. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  79. ^ Carr, Bob (7 September 2012). "Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015.
  80. ^ "Ambassador to Ireland - Dr Ruth Adler". Australian Ambassadors and other representatives. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  81. ^ Bishop, Julie (1 August 2016). "Ambassador to Ireland" (Press release). Australian Government. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016.
  82. ^ "Ambassador to Ireland - Richard Andrews". Australian Ambassadors and other representatives. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  83. ^ "About the Australian Embassy in Ireland - Head of Mission". Australian Embassy Ireland. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  84. ^ "Ambassador to Ireland - The Hon Gary Gray AO". Australian Ambassadors and other representatives. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
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