Chief of the General Staff (Israel)
The Chief of the General Staff, also known as the Commander-in-Chief of the Israel Defense Forces (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הַמַּטֶּה הַכְּלָלִי, romanized: Rosh hamateh haklali, abbreviated Ramatkal—רמטכ"ל), is the professional head of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The current Chief of the General Staff is Herzi Halevi.
| Chief of the General Staff | |
|---|---|
| ראש המטה הכללי | |
 | |
 Flag of the Chief of the General Staff | |
 | |
| Ministry of Defense | |
| Abbreviation | Ramatkal |
| Member of | General Staff |
| Reports to | Minister of Defense |
| Seat | Rabin Camp, HaKirya, Tel Aviv |
| Nominator | Minister of Defense |
| Appointer | Cabinet of Israel |
| Term length | 3 years; can be extended by 1 year |
| Formation | 1 June 1947 |
| First holder | Rav Aluf Yaakov Dori |
| Deputy | Deputy Chief |
At any given time, the Chief of the General Staff is the only active officer holding the IDF's highest rank, rav aluf (רַב־אַלּוּף), which is usually translated into English as lieutenant general, a three-star rank. The only exception to this rule occurred during the Yom Kippur War, when former Chief of the General Staff Haim Bar-Lev, who was a cabinet member at the outbreak of and during the war, was brought out of retirement and installed as chief of Southern Command.[1] For a brief period, he and Chief of the General Staff David Elazar were both in active service with the rank of rav aluf.
History
editThe role of the Chief of the General Staff began with the Haganah organization, where it was named after the head of the general staff of the Haganah. With the establishment of the IDF, the Chief of Defense and the Chief of Staff, headed by Yaakov Dori, were converted to head the IDF.[2]
The chief of the general staff is officially appointed for a three-year term, which can be extended for another year. An exception was Rafael Eitan, whose term was extended twice, and he served a total of five years.[3] On the other hand, there were several chiefs of staff who did not complete their full term: Yigal Yadin resigned amid disagreements over the IDF budget,[4] Mordechai Maklef served for only one year at his request,[5] David Elazar was forced to resign following the recommendations of the Agranat Commission investigating the Yom Kippur War,[6] and Dan Halutz resigned due to criticism of the Second Lebanon War.[7] Also, two chiefs of staff have given up part of their tenure extension: Amnon Lipkin-Shahak wanted to end his term in the middle of the fourth year, due to his desire to move into politics and run for prime minister. Haim Laskov asked not to serve a fourth year due to his disagreements with Shimon Peres.[citation needed]
In 2005, Ariel Sharon and Shaul Mofaz did not extend Moshe Ya'alon's term to a fourth year,[8] during which he was interpreted as a dismissal in light of Ya'alon's opposition to the disengagement plan. In order to prevent such problems in the future, and as was done for other positions such as that of the President of the State, Defense Minister Amir Peretz appointed Major General Gabi Ashkenazi in 2007 for a period of four years, thus removing the uncertainty regarding the addition of the fourth year. Ashkenazi raised the issue of extending his term to a fifth year.[9]
At the end of his term, the Chief of the General Staff (like other senior members of the Israeli defense establishment) has a cooling-off period of three years before he can be elected a Member of the Knesset, be appointed a Minister in the Government or be elected Prime Minister.[citation needed]
Legal position
editThe position of ramatkal is defined in the Basic Law: The Military (1976), clause three:[10]
- The supreme command rank in the military is that of the Chief of the General Staff
- The Chief of the General Staff is to be placed under the authority of the government and subordinate to the Defense Minister
- The Chief of the General Staff is to be appointed by the government, according to the recommendation of the Defense Minister
The Chief of the General Staff is formally appointed once every three years, with the government often extending the term to four years, and in one occasion, even five.
Significance
editGiven the importance of the IDF in Israeli society, the Chief of the General Staff is an important public figure in Israel. On appointment of a new Chief of the General Staff, mass-circulation papers such as Yedioth Ahronoth and Israel Hayom customarily provide their readers with large-scale portrait photos of the new Chief. Former Chiefs of the General Staff often parlay the prominence of their position into political life, and sometimes the business world.[citation needed] Two Chiefs of the General Staff (Yitzhak Rabin and Ehud Barak) have become Prime Minister of Israel[11][12] and eleven others (Yigael Yadin, Moshe Dayan, Tzvi Tzur, Haim Bar-Lev, Mordechai Gur, Rafael Eitan, Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, Shaul Mofaz, Moshe Ya'alon, Gabi Ashkenazi, and Benny Gantz) have served in the Knesset.[13] Of these, only Tzur did not get appointed to the Cabinet.
Six former Chiefs of the General Staff (Dayan, Rabin, Barak, Mofaz, Ya'alon, and Gantz) held the position of Defense Minister, widely considered to be one of the most powerful ministerial posts in the country and the immediate civilian superior of the Chief of the General Staff.[citation needed] Moshe Dayan served also as Foreign Minister. Soon after his discharge, Dan Halutz became the CEO of a car importer.[14] Ehud Barak took a hiatus from politics twice after defeats for re-election and pursued international business ventures.[citation needed]
List of Chiefs of the General Staff
editThe Chiefs of the General Staff have been:
| No. | Portrait | Chief of the General Staff | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yaakov Dori (1899–1973) | 1 June 1947 | 9 November 1949 | 2 years, 161 days | [15][2] | |
| 2 | Yigael Yadin (1917–1984) | 9 November 1949 | 7 December 1952 | 3 years, 28 days | [15][4] | |
| 3 | Mordechai Maklef (1920–1978) | 7 December 1952 | 6 December 1953 | 364 days | [15][5] | |
| 4 | Moshe Dayan (1915–1981) | 6 December 1953 | 29 January 1958 | 4 years, 54 days | [15][16] | |
| 5 | Haim Laskov (1919–1982) | 29 January 1958 | 1 January 1961 | 2 years, 338 days | [15][17] | |
| 6 | Tzvi Tzur (1923–2004) | 1 January 1961 | 1 January 1964 | 3 years, 0 days | [15][18] | |
| 7 | Yitzhak Rabin (1922–1995) | 1 January 1964 | 1 January 1968 | 4 years, 0 days | [15][11] | |
| 8 | Haim Bar-Lev (1924–1994) | 1 January 1968 | 1 January 1972 | 4 years, 0 days | [15][1] | |
| 9 | David Elazar (1925–1976) | 1 January 1972 | 3 April 1974 | 2 years, 92 days | [15][6] | |
| – | Yitzhak Hofi (1927–2014) Acting | 3 April 1974 | 16 April 1974 | 13 days | [15] | |
| 10 | Mordechai Gur (1930–1995) | 16 April 1974 | 16 April 1978 | 4 years, 0 days | [15] | |
| 11 | Rafael Eitan (1929–2004) | 16 April 1978 | 19 April 1983 | 5 years, 3 days | [15] | |
| 12 | Moshe Levi (1936–2008) | 19 April 1983 | 19 April 1987 | 4 years, 0 days | [15] | |
| 13 | Dan Shomron (1937–2008) | 19 April 1987 | 1 April 1991 | 3 years, 347 days | [15] | |
| 14 | Ehud Barak (born 1942) | 1 April 1991 | 1 January 1995 | 3 years, 275 days | [15][12] | |
| 15 | Amnon Lipkin-Shahak (1944–2012) | 1 January 1995 | 9 July 1998 | 3 years, 189 days | [15] | |
| 16 | Shaul Mofaz (born 1948) | 9 July 1998 | 9 July 2002 | 4 years, 0 days | [15] | |
| 17 | Moshe Ya'alon (born 1950) | 9 July 2002 | 1 June 2005 | 2 years, 327 days | [15] | |
| 18 | Dan Halutz (born 1948) | 1 June 2005 | 14 February 2007 | 1 year, 258 days | [15] | |
| 19 | Gabi Ashkenazi (born 1954) | 14 February 2007 | 14 February 2011 | 4 years, 0 days | [15] | |
| 20 | Benny Gantz (born 1959) | 14 February 2011 | 16 February 2015 | 4 years, 2 days | [15][19] | |
| 21 | Gadi Eizenkot (born 1960) | 16 February 2015 | 15 January 2019 | 3 years, 333 days | [15][20] | |
| 22 | Aviv Kohavi (born 1964) | 15 January 2019 | 16 January 2023 | 4 years, 1 day | [21] | |
| 23 | Herzi Halevi (born 1967) | 16 January 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 314 days | [22] |
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Timeline
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References
edit- ^ a b "Lt. Gen. Chaim Bar Lev (1968-1972)". www.idf.il. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Lt. Gen. Yaacov Dori (1948-1949)". Israel Defense Forces. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Cabinet Extends Eitan's Item; Appoints Mandelbaum As the Governor of the Bank of Israel". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 4 January 1982. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Lt. Gen. Yigal Yadin (1949-1952)". Israel Defense Forces. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Lt. Gen. Mordechai Maklef (1952-1953)". Israel Defense Forces. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Lt. Gen. David Elazar (1972-1974)". Israel Defense Forces. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Greenberg, Hanan (16 January 2007). "IDF Chief Halutz resigns". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 18 January 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Greenberg, Hanan (15 February 2005). "Mofaz ends Chief of Staff's tenure". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Ginsburg, Mitch (4 March 2012). "Timeline of a high-ranking feud". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
- ^ "Basic Law: The Military". Knesset. Archived from the original on 23 April 2003. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin (1964-1968)". Israel Defence Forces. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Lt. Gen. Ehud Barak (1991-1995)". Israel Defence Forces. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Keinon, Herb (6 August 2020). "The virtues and pitfalls of former IDF chiefs of staff entering politics". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Hazani, Golan (10 October 2007). "Dan Halutz named CEO of Kamor Motors". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Past Chiefs of Staff". idf.il. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ "Lt. Gen. Moshe Dayan (1953-1958)". www.idf.il. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Lt. Gen. Haim Laskov (1958-1961)". www.idf.il. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Lt. Gen. Tzvi Tzur (1961-1963)". www.idf.il. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz Appointed 20th IDF Chief of the General Staff". Israel Defense Forces. 14 February 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ^ Ginsburg, Mitch. "Maj. Gen. Gadi Eizenkot to be named 21st commander of IDF". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
- ^ "Outgoing IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot - A look back". The Jerusalem Post. 11 January 2019. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (16 January 2023). "Herzi Halevi formally takes over as chief of staff, vows to keep politics out of IDF". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.