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List of German-language newspapers of Ontario

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In nineteenth-century Upper Canada,[a] German-language publications were in high demand. After the English and French, Germans were the third-largest immigrant group in Canada.[4][b] Most Germans settled in Waterloo County, especially in the towns of Berlin (now Kitchener) and Waterloo, and most newspapers were established there to service the population.[7][c] In any year between 1859 and 1908, Waterloo County typically had four German newspapers, and always between three and five. In the period from 1835 to 1914, nine German newspapers were founded in Berlin and Waterloo and six in Preston, New Hamburg and Elmira.[7] German is the only language other than English or French to have had a flourishing newspaper press in Ontario; approximately thirty German newspapers were published in the province between 1835 to 1918.[9]

The Rittinger & Motz printing firm
The Rittinger & Motz printing firm of Berlin, Ontario (pictured c. 1906–1908) printed several German-language newspapers, including the Berliner Journal, Die Ontario Glocke and Der Canadische Kolonist.[1]

Ontario's first German-language newspaper, Canada Museum und Allgemeine Zeitung, was founded in Berlin in 1835, predating the town's first English-language newspaper by 18 years.[7] German-language publications were not typically read outside of Ontario's German communities, leading them to focus their reporting on local news and interpretations foreign events. Due to their small readership, they exerted little political influence on anything other than a local level.[10] Most publication were dependent upon a small population group[11] and folded after only a few years, but the towns Berlin, Waterloo and New Hamburg each supported at least one German newspaper until 1909, by which time all competitors had either folded or amalgamated into Berlin's Berliner Journal.[7]

On 25 September 1918, in the last weeks of the First World War, the Canadian government passed an Order in Council[12] prohibiting "the publication of books, newspapers, magazines or any printed matter in the language of any country or people for the time being at war with Great Britain."[13] The Order had the effect of banning German-language publications, leading to the 1918 closure of the last remaining German newspaper, the Berliner Journal (since renamed the Ontario Journal).[14] Although the government repealed the order in January 1920, it was not until 1967 that another German-language newspaper appeared – the Kitchener Journal, which ceased publication in 1969.[15]

In the wake of the Second World War, a surge in immigration of ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe and Germany led to a small revival of Ontario's German-language newspapers.[16] Toronto's das journal, first published in 2011, is presently Ontario's only German-language newspaper.[17][18]


Newspapers

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Contents
See also · Footnotes · Citations · Sources · External links
Key
— Indicates unavailable information
 
A March 1848 extra edition of Der Deutsche Canadier covering the revolutions in Europe. The newspaper catered its coverage to recent German immigrants who remained interested in European political and social happenings.[19]
 
Most German-language newspapers in Ontario issued an annual broadside with a long poem to celebrate the New Year. The Berliner Journal's poem of 1888 (pictured) was written in the local Pennsylvania German dialect.[20]
Name of newspaper, location, frequency, years of publication and political alignment
Newspaper Place of
publication 		Frequency Commenced Ceased Political alignment ISSN / OCLC Ref.
Berlin Daily News[d] Berlin Daily 1878 1878 — OCLC 1118979644
OCLC 1157018497 		[22]
 
Berliner Journal /
Ontario Journal[e] 		Berlin[f] Weekly 1859 1918 Liberal (1859–1904),
independent (1904–1918) 		OCLC 977929550
OCLC 1147283368 		[25]
Canada Museum
und Allgemeine Zeitung 		Berlin Weekly 1835[g] 1840 Independent ISSN 0848-094X
ISSN 0848-0958
OCLC 1081375169
OCLC 1081339960 		[28]
Canada Zeitung Hamilton Twice weekly 1856 1857 — — [29]
Canadische Volkszeitung Hamilton /
London[h] 		Weekly 1872 1876 — — [30]
 
Das Ottawa Echo[i] 		Ottawa Monthly 1893 1893 — ISSN 0701-4694
OCLC 1080359890
OCLC 184748222 		[31]
das journal Toronto Biweekly 2011 present — OCLC 843473149 [17]
[18]
Das Wochenblatt Berlin Weekly 1878 1878 Conservative — [32]
Der Beobachter Toronto /
Preston[j] 		Weekly 1856 1867 — — [33]
Der Canadische Bauernfreund[l] Waterloo Weekly 1854 1909 Conservative ISSN 0839-1661
OCLC 1032863764 		[36]
Der Canadische Beobachter Preston Weekly 1848 1850 Reform — [37]
Der Canadische Kolonist[m] Stratford Weekly 1864 1906 Reform OCLC 1032863512 [38]
 
Der Deutsche Canadier
und Neuigkeitsbote /
Der Deutsche Canadier[n] 		Berlin Weekly 1841 1865 Reform OCLC 1119075046 [40]
 
Der Deutsche in Canada 		London /
Hamilton[o] 		Monthly 1871 1876 — ISSN 1190-724X
OCLC 1019385489
OCLC 1087231616 		[30]
Der Deutsche Reformer Waterloo Weekly 1863 1863 Reform — [41]
Der Morgenstern Waterloo Weekly 1839 1841 — ISSN 1181-2125
ISSN 1181-2133
OCLC 1033011981
OCLC 1033141534 		[42]
Der Neu-Hamburger Neutrale /
Canadisches Volksblatt[p] 		New Hamburg Weekly 1855 1908 Conservative ISSN 1180-6591
ISSN 1180-6605
OCLC 1032860930
OCLC 1081129554 		[44]
Der Perth Volksfreund Stratford /
Listowel[q] 		— 1878 1883 Conservative ISSN 1181-4683
OCLC 1032971347 		[45]
Der Wächter am Saugeen /
Canada National-Zeitung[r] 		Neustadt Weekly 1868 1882 Independent OCLC 1019411663 [46]
Deutsche Post Arnprior /
Pembroke[s] 		Weekly 1901 1916 Independent ISSN 0842-8026
OCLC 1007474506 		[47]
Deutsche Presse Toronto Weekly 1977 —[t] — ISSN 0846-118X
OCLC 1081383723 		[16]
[48]
Deutsche Rundschau Cannington Monthly 1997 2014 — ISSN 1206-5781
OCLC 819517622 		[49]
[50]
Deutsche Zeitung[u] Berlin Weekly 1891 1908 Conservative ISSN 1180-6109
OCLC 1081084316 		[52]
Deutscher Canadier[v] Berlin Weekly 1869 1870 — — [53]
Deutscher Canadier Und
Allgemeiner Anzeiger[w] 		Berlin Weekly 1867 1869 — — [53]
Die Aytoner Fama /
Der Canadische Volksfreund[x] 		Ayton /
Neustadt[x] 		Weekly 1882 1892 — — [54]
Die Post Walkerton — 1878 1879 Reform — [55]
Die Prestoner Zeitung Preston Weekly 1856 1857 — — [56]
Die Wespe Wartburg Weekly c. 1871[y] c. 1871–1872[z] — — [59]
Elmira Anzeiger Elmira Weekly 1870 1882 — — [60]
Freie Presse Berlin Weekly 1886 1888 Conservative ISSN 1180-6834
OCLC 1081362174 		[61]
Hamburger Beobachter New Hamburg Weekly 1852 1856 Reform ISSN 1180-6613
OCLC 1081374456 		[62]
Hamilton Anzeiger[aa] Hamilton — 1879 1879 Conservative — [45]
Kitchener Journal Kitchener — 1967 1969 — ISSN 0837-0818
OCLC 1007733706 		[15]
Neue Presse Toronto Weekly 2003 —[t] — ISSN 1705-8082
OCLC 1083190036 		[16]
[63]
The Hofbräuhaus News Ottawa Quarterly 2002 2014 — ISSN 0226-6709
OCLC 1080362164 		[64]
[65]
[66]
Walkerton Glocke /
Die Ontario Glocke[ab] 		Walkerton Weekly 1870 1904 Conservative ISSN 0842-9332
OCLC 1016229515
OCLC 1007187387 		[68]
Welland Deutscher Telegraph Welland Weekly 1885 1886 — — [69]

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ The area was known as Upper Canada after 1791,[2] Canada West from 1841 to 1867, and Ontario after Canadian Confederation in 1867.[3]
  2. ^ Before the unification of Germany in 1871, German did not refer to the people of a single nation state.[5] The immigrants' area of origin was often designated as "Germany" and was technically within the Holy Roman Empire, but the historian Kenneth McLaughlin writes it is "more properly defined as 'Mitteleuropa'."[6] Those who immigrated to Canada before the unification understood that their family had left an area of what became the German nation state or from an area that shared its culture and language.[5]
  3. ^ Toronto was Canada West's population centre, but it was unable to support a large German readership; its only German-language newspaper moved away after less than a year of publication.[8]
  4. ^ English-language paper with a German section from February to October 1878.[21]
  5. ^ Renamed Ontario Journal in January 1917 after the 1916 Berlin to Kitchener name change.[23] Forced to publish in English after the government passed an Order in Council on 25 September 1918 banning German publications.[24]
  6. ^ Berlin was renamed Kitchener after a 1916 name change.
  7. ^ Historians John English & Kenneth McLaughlin state the paper began in 1833, quoting from a 1931 Waterloo Historical Society piece to justify that dating.[26] However, the piece they quote from provides a date of 27 August 1835 for the paper's first issue.[27] Scholar Herbert Karl Kalbfleisch also writes the first issue ran on 27 August 1835.[2]
  8. ^ Ceased publication in April 1875; moved to London and resumed in July 1875.[30]
  9. ^ While the masthead reads Das Echo, Kalbfleisch refers to the newspaper as Das Ottawa Echo.[31]
  10. ^ Moved from Toronto to Preston within its first year.[8]
  11. ^ a b c After the Berliner Journal amalgamated the newspaper, it continued to be issued under its original name so as to not upset longtime subscribers, though the actual content of the two papers was identical.[35]
  12. ^ Amalgamated into Berliner Journal on 1 July 1909.[34][k]
  13. ^ Amalgamated into Berliner Journal on 1 July 1906.[34][k]
  14. ^ Renamed Der Deutsche Canadier at an unspecified date.[39]
  15. ^ Moved from London to Hamilton in 1872; ceased publication in April 1875; moved to London and resumed in July 1875.[30]
  16. ^ Renamed Canadisches Volksblatt in 1859;[43] amalgamated into Der Canadische Bauernfreund on 2 December 1908.[34]
  17. ^ Moved from Stratford to Listowel in April 1880.[45]
  18. ^ Suspended publication in mid-1872 and resumed in October; renamed to Canada National-Zeitung in 1879.[8]
  19. ^ Moved from Arnprior to Pembroke in 1906.[47]
  20. ^ a b Evidence of publication as late as 2005 in Frisse 2005, p. 857.
  21. ^ Stopped publishing in October 1899 and resumed in 1902.[51]
  22. ^ An attempted revival of Der Deutsche Canadier, unrelated to the Deutscher Canadier Und Allgemeiner Anzeiger.[53]
  23. ^ An attempted revival of Der Deutsche Canadier.[53]
  24. ^ a b Moved from Ayton to Neustadt and renamed Der Canadische Volksfreund in 1890.[54]
  25. ^ The first mention of the newspaper is in an 1871 edition of Alexander J. Schem's Deutsch-Amerikanisches Conversations-Lexicon.[57]
  26. ^ An 1873 issue of Alexander J. Schem's Deutsch-Amerikanisches Conversations-Lexicon does not mention Die Wespe in a list of Canadian German newspapers,[58] implying it folded before 1873.[59]
  27. ^ Published as a special edition of Der Perth Volksfreund.[45]
  28. ^ Renamed Die Ontario Glocke in 1882; amalgamated into Berliner Journal on 1 July 1904.[67][k]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 102–104.
  2. ^ a b Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 18.
  3. ^ Careless, Foot & McIntosh 2019.
  4. ^ Löchte 2008, p. 107.
  5. ^ a b Bloomfield 1995, p. 214.
  6. ^ McLaughlin 1985, p. 3.
  7. ^ a b c d McKegney 1991, p. 8.
  8. ^ a b c Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 67.
  9. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 11, 17.
  10. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 11.
  11. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 17.
  12. ^ McKegney 1991, pp. 8, 224n29.
  13. ^ Bausenhart 1972, p. 35.
  14. ^ English & McLaughlin 1983, p. 163.
  15. ^ a b Leibbrandt 1980, pp. 158, 160.
  16. ^ a b c Frisse 2005, p. 857.
  17. ^ a b Das Journal. OCLC 843473149. Retrieved 19 May 2021 – via WorldCat.
  18. ^ a b "das journal – Profile". das journal. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  19. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 34–36.
  20. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 96–98.
  21. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 78, 128.
  22. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 128.
  23. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 106.
  24. ^ McKegney 1991, pp. 8, 224n29: 25 September 1918; Bausenhart 1972, p. 35: banning German publications.
  25. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 87–89; Monkiewicz & Skidmore 2005, p. 138; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 190.
  26. ^ English & McLaughlin 1983, pp. 12, 214n26.
  27. ^ Byerly 1931, p. 258.
  28. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 22–23; McKegney 1991, pp. 8, 10.
  29. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 48.
  30. ^ a b c d Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 76–77.
  31. ^ a b Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 83.
  32. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 79; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  33. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 66–67.
  34. ^ a b c Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 104.
  35. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 70, 103–104.
  36. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 50–54; McKegney 1991, p. 10.
  37. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 41; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  38. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 62–64, 104.
  39. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 30.
  40. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 31–40; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  41. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 61–62; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  42. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 28–29; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  43. ^ McKegney 1991, p. 197.
  44. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 54–58; McKegney 1991, p. 10.
  45. ^ a b c d Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 66.
  46. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 67–68.
  47. ^ a b Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 100.
  48. ^ "Deutsche Presse". www.artsrn.ualberta.ca. Canadian Minority Media Database. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  49. ^ "Deutsche Rundschau". www.artsrn.ualberta.ca. Canadian Minority Media Database. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  50. ^ "Die Deutsche Rundschau in Kanada gibt auf" (in German). Riviera Zeit. 4 September 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  51. ^ McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  52. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 81–87; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 27.
  53. ^ a b c d Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 33.
  54. ^ a b Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 79.
  55. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 69.
  56. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 49–50; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  57. ^ Schem 1871, p. 18, quoted in Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 76.
  58. ^ Schem 1873, p. 652, quoted in Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 76.
  59. ^ a b Kalbfleisch 1968, p. 76.
  60. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 68–69; McKegney 1991, p. 10.
  61. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 80–81; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 23, 197.
  62. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 41, 43; McKegney 1991, pp. 10, 197.
  63. ^ Neue Presse. OCLC 1083190036. Retrieved 22 June 2021 – via WorldCat.
  64. ^ "The Hofbräuhaus News". www.artsrn.ualberta.ca. Canadian Minority Media Database. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  65. ^ "Status of The HBH News Publication Hard Copy". The Hofbräuhaus News. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  66. ^ Hofbräuhaus news. OCLC 1080362164. Retrieved 23 June 2021 – via WorldCat.
  67. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 69–70.
  68. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 68–74; McKegney 1991, p. 10.
  69. ^ Kalbfleisch 1968, pp. 79–80.

Sources

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