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List of senators of the Philippines

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The Senate of the Philippines is the upper house of Congress. The Senate is composed of 24 senators, each elected to a six-year term, renewable once, under plurality-at-large voting: on each election, the voters vote for up to twelve candidates, with the twelve candidates the highest number of votes being elected in.

Prior to 1916, the Philippine Assembly, from 1935 to 1941 the National Assembly and from 1978 to 1986 the Batasang Pambansa (National Legislature) was the sole house of the legislature. In periods where the legislature was bicameral, the upper house has always been called as the "Senate". From 1972 to 1978 and from 1986 to 1987, the president possessed legislative powers.

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Senators' terms are always for six years. Exceptions and details are:

  • For those elected in under the Jones Law, terms start on election day, and end six years later.
    • On the first legislature, the candidate that place 1st shall serve for six years, and those who placed 2nd shall serve three years.
    • A new constitution was ratified after the 10th Legislature, abolishing the Senate. Senators' terms ended once the 1935 constitution was put into effect on September 16, 1935
  • For those elected in under the 1935 constitution as amended, terms start on December 30 after their election and end December 30 six years later.
    • For those elected in 1941, the first Congress convened on July 4, 1945, or almost four years from when the winning candidates' terms started on December 30, 1941. As no senatorial elections were held from 1941 up to that time, it was decided by lot who shall serve until 1946, and who shall serve until 1947.
    • President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on September 23, 1971, while Senate was in recess. He prevented Congress from convening again, and a new constitution approved in 1973 abolished the Senate.
  • For those elected in under the 1987 constitution, terms start on June 30 after their election and end June 30 six years later:
    • For those elected in on the first Congress after the ratification of the constitution, the senators served from June 30, 1987, to June 30, 1992.
    • For those elected in on the second Congress after the ratification of the constitution, the senators that finished 1st to 12th in the 1992 election served from June 30, 1992, to June 30, 1998. Those who finished 13th to 24th served from June 30, 1992, to June 30, 1995.

A

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Esteban Abada Nationwide at-large December 30, 1949 – December 17, 1954 2nd–3rd Congress Liberal Elected in 1949 Died in office
Juan B. Alegre 6th June 6, 1922 – June 6, 1928 6th–7th Legislatures Nacionalista Elected in 1922
Re-elected in 1925
Jose Alejandrino 12th November 13, 1923 – July 14, 1928 6th–8th Legislature Democrata Appointed in 1923
Alejandro Almendras Nationwide at-large December 30, 1959 – September 23, 1972 4th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1959
Re-elected in 1965
Re-elected in 1971 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Alauya Alonto Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1947 1st Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Domocao Alonto Nationwide at-large December 30, 1955 – December 30, 1961 3rd–4th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1955
Jose Altavas 7th October 3, 1916 – October 3, 1922 4th–5th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Heherson Alvarez Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1998 8th–10th Congress UNIDO Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
LDP
Edgardo Angara Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1998
June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2013 		8th–10th, 12th–15th Congress Independent Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
Elected in 2001
Re-elected in 2007
LDP
Sonny Angara Nationwide at-large June 30, 2013 – July 18, 2024 16th–19th Congress LDP Elected in 2013
Re-elected in 2019 		Left office upon appointment as Secretary of Education
Pablo Ángeles David Nationwide at-large December 30, 1947 – December 30, 1953 1st–3rd Congress Liberal Elected in 1947
Gaudencio Antonino Nationwide at-large December 30, 1961 – November 13, 1967 5th–6th Congress Liberal Elected in 1961 Died in office
Magnolia Antonino Nationwide at-large December 30, 1967 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Independent Elected in 1967 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Agapito Aquino Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1995 8th–9th Congress BANDILA Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
LDP
Bam Aquino Nationwide at-large June 30, 2013 – June 30, 2019 16th–17th Congress Liberal Elected in 2013
Benigno Aquino Sr. 3rd June 5, 1928 – June 5, 1934 8th–9th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1928
Benigno Aquino Jr. Nationwide at-large December 30, 1967 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1967 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Benigno Aquino III Nationwide at-large June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2010 14th Congress Liberal Elected in 2007 Left office upon election as president
Tessie Aquino-Oreta Nationwide at-large June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2004 11th–12th Congress LDP Elected in 1998
Melecio Arranz 1st June 5, 1928 – September 16, 1935 8th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1928
Re-elected in 1934 		Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1951 1st Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Liberal Elected in 1941
Re-elected in 1946 		Took office on July 4, 1945.
Joker Arroyo Nationwide at-large June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2013 12th–15th Congress Lakas Elected in 2001
Re-elected in 2007
KAMPI
José María Arroyo 7th June 19, 1919 – June 2, 1925 5th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
José Avelino Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1951 2nd Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Liberal Elected in 1946
Dominador Aytona Nationwide at-large December 30, 1965 – December 30, 1971 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1965

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Eulogio Balao Nationwide at-large December 30, 1957 – December 30, 1963 4th–5th Congress Liberal Elected in 1957
Sotero Baluyut 3rd June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Robert Barbers Nationwide at-large June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2004 11th–12th Congress Lakas Elected in 1998
Antonio Belo[1] 7th June 5, 1928 – June 5, 1934 8th–9th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1928
Helena Benitez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1967 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1967 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Rodolfo Biazon Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1995
June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2010 		9th, 11th–14th Congress LDP Elected in 1992
Elected in 1998
Re-elected in 2004
Liberal
Nancy Binay Nationwide at-large June 30, 2013–present 16th–19th Congress UNA Elected in 2013
Re-elected in 2019 		Incumbent senator
Manuel Briones 10th June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – December 30, 1957 2nd–3rd Congress Elected in 1951
Nicolas Buendia Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Hadji Butu 12th October 16. 1916–November 15, 1920 4th–5th Legislature Nacionalista Appointed in 1916 Resigned
June 6, 1922 – June 2, 1931 6th–8th Legislature Democrata Appointed in 1922
Reappointed in 1928

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Tomas Cabili Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1955 2nd Commonwealth Congress–3rd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1946
Re-elected in 1949
Liberal
Aquilino Calvo 2nd October 16, 1916 – February 20, 1917 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916 Resigned to serve as governor of Mountain Province
Manuel Camus 12th July 14, 1928 – June 2, 1931 8th Legislature Nacionalista Appointed in 1928
Nicolas Capistrano 11th October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Alan Peter Cayetano Nationwide at-large June 30, 2007 – May 17, 2017 14th–17th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 2007
Re-elected in 2013 		Left office upon appointment as Secretary of Foreign Affairs
June 30, 2022–present 19th–20th Congress Independent Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator
Pia Cayetano Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016
June 30, 2019–present 		13th–16th Congress, 18th–19th Congress, Nacionalista Elected in 2004
Re-elected in 2010
Elected in 2019 		Incumbent senator
Renato Cayetano Nationwide at-large June 30, 1998 – June 25, 2003 11th–12th Congress Lakas Elected in 1998 Died in office
Edmundo Cea Nationwide at-large December 30. 1953–December 30, 1959 3rd–4th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1953
José Clarín 11th October 16, 1916 – June 2, 1935 4th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Re-elected in 1922
Re-elected in 1928
Re-elected in 1934 		Died in office
Olegario Clarin Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1949 2nd Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Liberal Elected in 1946
Hermogenes Concepcion 3rd June 5, 1934 – September 16, 1935 10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1934 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Tomás Confesor Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – June 6, 1951 2nd Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1946 Died in office
Nikki Coseteng Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – June 30, 2001 9th–11th Congress NPC Elected in 1992
Re-elected in 1995
Mariano Jesús Cuenco Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1951
December 30, 1953 – February 25, 1964 		2nd Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress, 3rd–5th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941
Re-elected in 1946
Elected in 1953
Re-elected in 1959 		Took office on July 4, 1945.
Liberal Died in office

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Noli de Castro Nationwide at-large June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2004 12th Congress Independent Elected in 2001 Left office upon election as vice president
Alejandro de Guzmán 2nd April 4, 1929 – June 2, 1931 8th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1929 special election
Bernabé de Guzmán 2nd June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1925 5th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Esteban de la Rama Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Rogelio de la Rosa Nationwide at-large December 30, 1957 – December 30, 1963 4th–5th Congress Liberal Elected in 1957
Antonio de las Alas Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Ceferino de Leon 3rd October 25, 1919 – June 6, 1922 5th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919 special election
Leila de Lima Nationwide at-large June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 17th–18th Congress Liberal Elected in 2016
Isabelo de los Reyes 1st June 6, 1922 – June 5, 1928 6th–7th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1922
Teodoro de Vera Nationwide at-large December 30, 1949 – April 3, 1952 2nd Congress Liberal Elected in 1949 Lost seat after losing an election protest
Vicente de Vera 6th June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1925 5th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Miriam Defensor Santiago Nationwide at-large June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2001
June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016 		10th–11th, 13th–16th Congress PRP Elected in 1995
Elected in 2004
Re-elected in 2010
Ronald dela Rosa Nationwide at-large June 30, 2019–present 18th–19th Congress PDP–Laban Elected in 2019 Incumbent senator
Francisco Afan Delgado Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – December 30, 1957 2nd–3rd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1951
Jose W. Diokno Nationwide at-large December 30, 1963 – September 23, 1972 5th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1963
Re-elected in 1969 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Ramón Diokno Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1949 2nd Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1946
Franklin Drilon Nationwide at-large June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2007 10th–13th Congress Lakas Elected in 1995
Re-elected in 2001
Independent
June 30, 2010–present 15th–18th Congress Liberal Elected in 2010
Re-elected in 2016 		Incumbent senator

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
JV Ejercito Nationwide at-large June 30, 2013 – June 30, 2019 16th–17th Congress UNA Elected in 2013
June 30, 2022 – present 19th Congress NPC Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator
Loi Ejercito Nationwide at-large June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2007 12th–13th Congress Independent Elected in 2001
Francisco Enage 9th June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1925 5th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Vicente Singson Encarnacion 1st October 16, 1916 – June 6, 1922 4th–5th Legislature Progresista Elected in 1916
Juan Ponce Enrile Nationwide at-large August 15, 1987 – June 30, 1992
June 30, 1995 – June 30, 1998 		8th, 10th–11th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1987
Elected in 1995
June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016 13th–16th Congress PMP Elected in 2004
Re-elected in 2010
Francis Escudero Nationwide at-large June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2019 14th–17th Congress NPC Elected in 2007
Re-elected in 2013
Independent
June 30, 2022 – present 19th Congress NPC Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator
Rene Espina Nationwide at-large December 30, 1969 – September 23, 1972 7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1969 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Eva Estrada-Kalaw Nationwide at-large December 30, 1965 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1965
Re-elected in 1971 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Jinggoy Estrada Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016 13th–16th Congress PMP Elected in 2004
Re-elected in 2010
June 30, 2022 – present 19th Congress PMP Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator
Joseph Estrada Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1987

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Marcelo Fernan Nationwide at-large June 30, 1995 – June 28, 1999 10th–11th Congress LDP Elected in 1995 Died in office
Estanislao Fernandez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1959 – December 30, 1965 4th–5th Congress Liberal Elected in 1959
Ramon J. Fernandez 4th October 3, 1923 – June 2, 1925 6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1923 special election
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Juan Flavier Nationwide at-large June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2007 10th–14th Congress Lakas Elected in 1995
Re-elected in 2001
Santiago Fonacier 1st June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1925 5th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Vicente Francisco Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1951 2nd Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Liberal Elected in 1946
José Fuentebella 6th June 5, 1928 – June 5, 1934 8th–9th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1928

G

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Isauro Gabaldon 3rd October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Juan Gaerlan 12th June 5, 1934 – September 16, 1935 10th Legislature Nacionalista Appointed in 1934
Troadio Galicano 11th June 5, 1925 – June 2, 1931 7th–8th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1925
Rodolfo Ganzon Nationwide at-large December 30, 1963 – December 30, 1969 5th–6th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1963
Carlos P. Garcia Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1953 1st Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941
Re-elected in 1946
Re-elected in 1951 		Took office on July 4, 1945. Left office upon election as vice president
Win Gatchalian Nationwide at-large June 30, 2016–present 17th–19th Congress NPC Elected in 2016
Re-elected in 2022 		Incumbent senator
Jose Generoso 4th June 5, 1928–June 5. 1934 8th–9th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1928
Bong Go Nationwide at-large June 30, 2019–present 18th–19th Congress PDP–Laban Elected in 2019 Incumbent senator
Tomas Gomez 9th June 6, 1922 – July 28, 1926 6th–7th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1922 Died in office
Matias Gonzales 2nd May 5, 1917 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1917 special election
Neptali Gonzales Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1998 8th–10th Congress UNIDO Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
LDP
Dick Gordon Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2010 13th–14th Congress Lakas Elected in 2004
June 30, 2016– June 30, 2022 17th–18th Congress Independent Elected in 2016
Espiridion Guanco 8th October 16, 1916 – May 2, 1925 4th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Re-elected in 1922 		Died in office
Mario Guariña 6th October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Pedro Guevara 4th October 16, 1916 – March 4, 1923 4th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Re-elected in 1922 		Left office upon appointment as Resident Commissioner
Teofisto Guingona Sr. 12th November 15, 1920 – November 13, 1923 5th–6th Legislature Progresista Appointed in 1920 Resigned
Teofisto Guingona Jr. Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – July 6, 1993 8th–9th Congress Liberal Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992 		Left office upon appointment as Executive Secretary
LDP
June 30, 1998 – February 7, 2001 11th Congress Lakas Elected in 1998 Left office upon appointment as vice president
TG Guingona Nationwide at-large June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 15th–16th Congress Liberal Elected in 2010

H

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Pedro Hernaez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1947 1st Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Ernesto Herrera Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress Liberal Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 9th–10th Congress LDP
Ludovico Hidrosollo 12th June 2, 1931 – June 5, 1934 9th Legislature Nacionalista Appointed in 1931
Gregorio Honasan Nationwide at-large June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2004
June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2019 		10th–12th, 14th–17th Congress Independent Elected in 1995
Re-elected in 2001 special election
Elected in 2007
Re-elected in 2013
UNA
Jose Hontiveros 7th June 6, 1922 – June 5, 1928 6th–7th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1922
Risa Hontiveros Nationwide at-large June 30, 2016–present 17th–19th Congress Akbayan Elected in 2016
Re-elected in 2022 		Incumbent senator

I

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Eddie Ilarde Nationwide at-large January 24, 1972 – September 23, 1972 7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1971 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Vicente Ilustre 5th October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Independent Elected in 1916
Domingo Imperial 6th June 5, 1934 – September 16, 1935 10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1934 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Leoncio Imperial 6th October 16, 1916 – June 6, 1922 4th–5th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916

J

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Robert Jaworski Nationwide at-large June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2004 11th Congress PMP Elected in 1998

K

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Maria Kalaw-Katigbak Nationwide at-large December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1967 5th–6th Congress Liberal Elected in 1961
Ruperto Kangleon Nationwide at-large December 30, 1953 – February 27, 1958 3rd–4th Congress Democratic Elected in 1953 Died in office
Jamalul Kiram II 12th June 2, 1931 – June 5, 1934 9th Legislature Independent Appointed in 1931

L

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Isaac Lacson 8th June 5, 1934 – September 16, 1935 10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1934 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Panfilo Lacson Nationwide at-large June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2013 12th–15th Congress LDP Elected in 2001
Re-elected in 2007
June 30, 2016– June 30, 2022 17th–18th Congress Independent Elected in 2016
Wenceslao Lagumbay Nationwide at-large December 30, 1965 – December 30, 1971 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1965
Lito Lapid Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016 13th–16th Congress Lakas Elected in 2004
Re-elected in 2010
Lakas-Kampi
June 30, 2019–present 18th–19th Congress NPC Elected in 2019 Incumbent senator
Jose P. Laurel 5th June 2, 1925 – June 2, 1931 7th–8th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1925
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – December 30, 1957 2nd–3rd Congress Elected in 1951
Salvador Laurel Nationwide at-large December 30, 1967 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1967 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Sotero Laurel Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1987
Jose Ledesma 7th June 2, 1925 – June 2, 1931 7th–8th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1925
Oscar Ledesma Nationwide at-large December 30, 1957 – December 30, 1963 4th–5th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1957
Loren Legarda Nationwide at-large June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2004 11th–12th Congress Lakas Elected in 1998
June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2019 14th–17th Congress NPC Elected in 2007
Re-elected in 2013
June 30, 2022 – present 19th Congress NPC Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator
Alfredo Lim Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2007 13th Congress PMP Elected in 2004 Left office upon election as mayor of Manila
Roseller T. Lim Nationwide at-large December 30, 1955 – December 30, 1963 3rd–5th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1955 special election
Re-elected in 1957
Joey Lina Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1995 8th–9th Congress UNIDO Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
LDP
Francisco Tongio Liongson 3rd October 16, 1916 – February 20, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916 Died in office
Juan Liwag Nationwide at-large December 30, 1963 – December 30, 1969 5th–6th Congress Liberal Elected in 1963
Jose Locsin Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – December 30, 1957 2nd–3rd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1951
Fernando Lopez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1947 – December 30, 1949 1st Congress Liberal Elected in 1947 Left office upon election as vice president
December 30, 1953 – December 30, 1965 3rd–5th Congress Democratic Elected in 1953
Re-elected in 1959
Nacionalista
Manuel Lopez 8th October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Santiago Lucero 3rd June 6, 1922 – November 2, 1925 6th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1922 Died in office
Joaquin Luna 12th October 16, 1916 – July 1, 1920 4th–5th Legislature Nacionalista Appointed in 1916
Reappointed in 1919 		Left office upon appointment as governor of Mountain Province

M

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Alejo Mabanag 2nd June 6, 1922 – June 5, 1928 6th–7th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1922
June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1949 2nd Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1946
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 9th–10th Congress LDP Elected in 1992
Re-elected in 1995 		Left office upon election as vice president
Ernesto Maceda Nationwide at-large December 30, 1971 – September 23, 1972 7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1971 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1998 8th–10th Congress PDP–Laban Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
NPC
Jamby Madrigal Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2010 13th–14th Congress LDP Elected in 2004
Pacita Madrigal-Warns Nationwide at-large December 30, 1955 – December 30, 1961 3rd–4th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1955
Vicente Madrigal Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1953 1st Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Liberal Elected in 1941
Re-elected in 1947 		Took office on July 4, 1945.
Enrique Magalona Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1955 2nd Commonwealth Congress–3rd Congress Liberal Elected in 1946
Re-elected in 1949
Genaro Magsaysay Nationwide at-large December 30, 1959 – September 23, 1972 4th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1959
Re-elected in 1965
Re-elected in 1971 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Liberal
Ramon Magsaysay Jr. Nationwide at-large June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2007 10th–13th Congress Lakas Elected in 1995
Re-elected in 2001
Independent
Manuel Manahan Nationwide at-large December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1967 5th–7th Congress Progressive Elected in 1961
Raul Manglapus Nationwide at-large December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1967 5th–7th Congress Progressive Elected in 1961
June 30, 1987 – October 9, 1987 8th Congress LABAN Elected in 1987 Left office upon appointment as Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Bongbong Marcos Nationwide at-large June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 15th–16th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 2010
Imee Marcos Nationwide at-large June 30, 2019–present 18th–19th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 2019 Incumbent senator
Ferdinand Marcos Nationwide at-large December 30, 1959 – December 30, 1965 4th–5th Congress Liberal Elected in 1959
Rafael Martinez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Orly Mercado Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1998 8th–10th Congress Liberal Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
LDP
Ramon Mitra Jr. Nationwide at-large December 30, 1971 – September 23, 1972 7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1971 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Justiniano Montano Nationwide at-large December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1955 2nd–3rd Congress Liberal Elected in 1949
Gil Montilla 8th June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Ruperto Montinola 7th June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Luis Morales 3rd March 23, 1926 – June 5, 1928 7th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1926 special election

N

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Juan Nolasco 4th June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution

O

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Blas Ople Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – July 16, 2002 9th–12th Congress LDP Elected in 1992
Re-elected in 1998 		Left office upon appointment as Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Camilo Osías 2nd June 2, 1925 – February 7, 1929 7th–8th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1925 Left office upon appointment as Resident Commissioner
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1947 – December 30, 1953 1st–2nd Congress Elected in 1947
December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1967 5th–6th Congress Liberal Elected in 1961
John Henry Osmeña Nationwide at-large December 30, 1971 – September 23, 1972 7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1971 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1995
June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2004 		8th–9th, 11th–12th Congress Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
Elected in 1998
NPC
Sergio Osmeña 10th June 6, 1922 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1922
Re-elected in 1928
Re-elected in 1934 		Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Sergio Osmeña Jr. Nationwide at-large December 30, 1965 – December 30, 1971 6th–7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1965
Serge Osmeña Nationwide at-large June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2007 10th–13th Congress Lakas Elected in 1995
Re-elected in 2001
PDP–Laban
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 15th–16th Congress Independent Elected in 2010
José Ozámiz Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – February 11, 1944 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Died prior to taking office.

P

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Manny Pacquiao Nationwide at-large June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 17th–18th Congress PDP–Laban Elected in 2016
Ambrosio Padilla Nationwide at-large December 30, 1957 – September 23, 1972 4th–7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1957
Re-elected in 1963
Re-elected in 1969 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Robin Padilla Nationwide at-large June 30, 2022 – present 19th PDP–Laban Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator
Rafael Palma 4th October 16, 1916 – June 6, 1922 4th–5th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Francis Pangilinan Nationwide at-large June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2013
June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 		12th–15th, 17th–18th Congress Liberal Elected in 2001
Re-elected in 2007
Elected in 2016
Quintin Paredes Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1961 2nd–4th Congress Liberal Elected in 1949
Re-elected in 1955
Nacionalista
Vicente Paterno Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress PDP–Laban Elected in 1987
Geronima Pecson Nationwide at-large December 30, 1947 – December 30, 1953 1st–2nd Congress Liberal Elected in 1947
Salipada Pendatun Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1949 2nd Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Liberal Elected in 1946
Emmanuel Pelaez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1953 – December 30, 1959
December 30, 1967 – September 23, 1972 		3rd–4th, 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1953
Elected in 1967 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Macario Peralta Jr. Nationwide at-large December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1955 2nd–3rd Congress Liberal Elected in 1949
Leonardo Perez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1967 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1953
Elected in 1967 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Aquilino Pimentel Jr. Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992
June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2010 		8th, 11th–14th Congress PDP–Laban Elected in 1987
Elected in 1998
Re-elected in 2004
Koko Pimentel Nationwide at-large August 11, 2011–present 15th–19th Congress PDP–Laban Won election protest in 2011
Elected in 2013
Re-elected in 2019 		Incumbent senator
Grace Poe Nationwide at-large June 30, 2013–present 16th–19th Congress Independent Elected in 2013
Re-elected in 2019 		Incumbent senator
Cipriano Primicias Sr. Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – December 30, 1963 2nd–5th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1951
Re-elected in 1957
Gil Puyat Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – September 23, 1972 2nd–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1951
Re-elected in 1957
Re-elected in 1963
Re-elected in 1969 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law

Q

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Manuel L. Quezon 5th October 16, 1916 – September 16, 1935 4th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Re-elected in 1922
Re-elected in 1928
Re-elected in 1934 		Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Elpidio Quirino 1st June 2, 1925 – September 16, 1935 7th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1925
Re-elected in 1931 		Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 28, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945. Left office upon election as vice president

R

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Vicente Rama Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1947 1st Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Leticia Ramos-Shahani Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1998 8th–10th Congress UNIDO Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
Lakas
Santanina Rasul Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1995 8th–9th Congress Liberal Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
Lakas
Claro M. Recto 5th June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 28, 1946
April 3, 1952 – October 2, 1960 		1st Commonwealth Congress, 2nd–4th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941
Won election protest in 1952
Elected in 1955 		Took office on July 4, 1945. Died in office
Ralph Recto Nationwide at-large June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2007 12th–13th Congress Lakas Elected in 2001
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2022 15th–18th Congress Liberal Elected in 2010
Re-elected in 2016
Bong Revilla Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016 13th–16th Congress Lakas Elected in 2004
Re-elected in 2010
Lakas-Kampi
June 30, 2019–present 18th–19th Congress Lakas Elected in 2019 Incumbent senator
Ramon Revilla Sr. Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – June 30, 2004 9th–12th Congress LDP Elected in 1992
Re-elected in 1998
Lakas
Raul Roco Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – February 9, 2001 9th–12th Congress LDP Elected in 1992
Elected in 1995 		Left office upon appointment as Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports
Francisco Soc Rodrigo Nationwide at-large December 30, 1955 – December 30, 1967 3rd–6th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1955
Re-elected in 1961
Celestino Rodriguez 10th October 16, 1916 – June 2, 1925 4th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Re-elected in 1919
Pedro Rodríguez 10th June 2, 1925 – June 2, 1931 7th–8th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1925
Eulogio Rodriguez Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1947
December 16, 1949 – December 19, 1964 		1st Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress, 2nd–5th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941
Won election protest in 1949
Re-elected in 1953
Re-elected in 1959 		Took office on July 4, 1945. Died in office
José E. Romero Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – May 22, 1947 2nd Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1946 Lost seat after losing electoral protest
Alberto Romulo Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1998 8th–10th Congress UNIDO Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
LDP
Decoroso Rosales Nationwide at-large December 30, 1955 – December 30, 1961 3rd–4th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1955
Gerardo Roxas Nationwide at-large December 30, 1963 – September 23, 1972 5th–7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1963
Re-elected in 1969 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Manuel Roxas Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Mar Roxas Nationwide at-large June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2010 13th–14th Congress Liberal Elected in 2004
Jose Roy Nationwide at-large December 30, 1961 – September 23, 1972 5th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1961
Re-elected in 1967 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law

S

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Pastor Salazar 9th December 30, 1926 – June 5, 1928 7th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1926 special election
Jovito Salonga Nationwide at-large December 30, 1965 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1965
Re-elected in 1971 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress Elected in 1987
Teodoro Sandiko 3rd June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1931 5th–8th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1919
Re-elected in 1925
Lope K. Santos 12th July 1, 1920 – November 15, 1921 5th Legislature Nacionalista Appointed in 1920 Resigned
Pedro Sabido Nationwide at-large December 30, 1955 – December 30, 1961 3rd–4th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1955
Prospero Sanidad Nationwide at-large May 22, 1947 – December 30, 1947 1st Congress Liberal Won election protest in 1947
Rene Saguisag Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress Liberal Elected in 1987
Proceso Sebastian Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1947 1st Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Esteban Singson 9th October 16, 1916 – June 6, 1922 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Datu Sinsuat Balabaran 12th June 5, 1934 – September 16, 1935 10th Legislature Nacionalista Appointed in 1934 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Pedro María Sison 2nd October 16, 1916 – June 6, 1922 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Teófilo Sison 2nd June 5, 1928 – September 16, 1935 8th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1928
Re-elected in 1934 		Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Antero Soriano 5th June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1925 5th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Francisco Soriano 11th June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1925 5th–6th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Filemon Sotto 10th June 3, 1916 – June 6, 1922 4th–5th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Tito Sotto Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – June 30, 2004 9th–12th Congress LDP Elected in 1992
Re-elected in 1998
June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2022 15th–18th Congress NPC Elected in 2010
Re-elected in 2016
Vicente Sotto Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – May 28, 1950 2nd Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Popular Front Elected in 1946 Died in office
Juan Sumulong 4th June 2, 1925 – June 2, 1931 7th–8th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1925
June 5, 1934 – September 16, 1935 10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1934 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Lorenzo Sumulong Nationwide at-large December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1967 2nd–6th Congress Liberal Elected in 1949
Re-elected in 1955
Re-elected in 1961
Nacionalista
December 30, 1969 – September 23, 1972 7th Congress Elected in 1969 Term expired upon declaration of martial law

T

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Mamintal A.J. Tamano Nationwide at-large December 30, 1969 – September 23, 1972 7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1969 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress UNIDO Elected in 1987
Carlos Tan Nationwide at-large December 30, 1947 – December 16, 1949 1st Congress Liberal Elected in 1947 Lost seat after losing electoral protest
Lorenzo Tañada Nationwide at-large December 30, 1947 – December 30, 1971 1st–7th Congress Liberal Elected in 1947
Re-elected in 1953
Re-elected in 1959
Re-elected in 1965
Citizens'
NCP
Wigberto Tañada Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1995 8th–9th Congress Liberal Elected in 1987
Re-elected in 1992
Francisco Tatad Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – June 30, 2001 9th–11th Congress NPC Elected in 1992
Re-elected in 1995
LDP
Lorenzo Teves Nationwide at-large December 30, 1967 – September 23, 1972 6th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1967 Term expired upon declaration of martial law
Emiliano Tria Tirona 4th June 6, 1922 – June 5, 1928 6th–7th Legislature Democrata Elected in 1922
Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – April 8, 1952 1st Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941
Re-elected in 1947 		Took office on July 4, 1945.
Liberal Died in office
Arturo Tolentino Nationwide at-large December 30, 1957 – September 23, 1972 4th–7th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1957
Re-elected in 1963
Re-elected in 1969 		Term expired upon declaration of martial law
June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1995 9th Congress NPC Elected in 1992
Francis Tolentino Nationwide at-large June 30, 2019–present 18th–19th Congress PDP–Laban Elected in 2019 Incumbent senator
Juan Torralba 11th June 2, 1931 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1931 Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Ramon Torres Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – December 30, 1951 1st Commonwealth Congress–2nd Congress Liberal Elected in 1941
Re-elected in 1946 		Took office on July 4, 1945.
Potenciano Treñas 7th June 5–10, 1934 10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1934 Died in office
Antonio Trillanes Nationwide at-large June 30, 2007 – June 30, 2019 14th–17th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 2007
Re-elected in 2013
Raffy Tulfo Nationwide at-large June 30, 2022 – present 19th Independent Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator

V

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Jose Maria Veloso 9th October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
José O. Vera 6th June 2, 1925 – September 16, 1935 9th–10th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1925
Re-elected in 1931 special election 		Term expired after Senate was abolished by the 1935 constitution
Nationwide at-large May 25, 1946 – December 30, 1949 2nd Commonwealth Congress–1st Congress Elected in 1946
Felixberto Verano Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – December 30, 1953 2nd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1951 special election
Juan Villamor 1st October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Francisco Felipe Villanueva 7th October 16, 1916 – June 3, 1919 4th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1916
Hermenegildo Villanueva 8th June 3, 1919 – June 2, 1931 5th–8th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1919
Re-elected in 1925
Joel Villanueva Nationwide at-large June 30, 2016–present 17th–19th Congress Liberal Elected in 2016
Re-elected in 2022 		Incumbent senator
Cynthia Villar Nationwide at-large June 30, 2013–present 16th–19th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 2013
Re-elected in 2019 		Incumbent senator
Manuel Villar Nationwide at-large June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2013 12th–15th Congress Nacionalista Elected in 2001
Re-elected in 2007
Mark Villar Nationwide at-large June 30, 2022 – present 19th Nacionalista Elected in 2022 Incumbent senator

W

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Freddie Webb Nationwide at-large June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 9th–10th Congress LDP Elected in 1992

Y

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
José Yulo Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 – May 25, 1946 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1941 Took office on July 4, 1945.
Mariano Yulo 8th August 31, 1925 – July 11, 1929 6th–8th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1925 special election
Re-elected in 1928 		Died in office

Z

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Senator District Term Legislature Party Electoral history Notes
Tecla San Andres Ziga Nationwide at-large December 30, 1963 – December 30, 1969 5th–6th Congress Liberal Elected in 1963
Victor Ziga Nationwide at-large June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992 8th Congress Liberal Elected in 1987
Migz Zubiri Nationwide at-large June 30, 2007 – August 3, 2011 14th–15th Congress Lakas Elected in 2007 Resigned
June 30, 2016–present 17th–19th Congress Independent Elected in 2016
Re-elected in 2022 		Incumbent senator
Francisco Zulueta[2] 8th September 18, 1929 – June 5, 1934 8th–9th Legislature Nacionalista Elected in 1929 special election
Jose Zulueta Nationwide at-large December 30, 1951 – December 30, 1957 2nd–3rd Congress Nacionalista Elected in 1951

Died before taking office

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The following won senatorial elections, but died prior to taking office:

Senator-elect District Election day Date of death Supposed start of term Supposed to have taken office on Legislature Party
Juan B. Alegre[3] 6th June 2, 1931 June 14, 1931 June 2, 1931 July 16, 1931 9th Legislature Democrata
Daniel Maramba[4][5][6] Nationwide at-large December 30, 1941 December 28, 1941 December 30, 1941 July 4, 1945 1st Commonwealth Congress Nacionalista

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Senators Profile Antonio Belo". Philippine Senate Legacy website.
  2. ^ "Proclamation No. 774, s. 1991 | GOVPH: DECLARING THE PERIOD FROM AUGUST 18 TO AUGUST 24, 1991, AS THE FRANCISCO C. ZULUETA CENTENNIAL IN THE PROVINCE OF ILOILO, AND SUB-PROVINCE OF GUIMARAS". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.
  3. ^ "JUAN B. ALEGRE DIES; PHILIPPINE SENATOR; Took Oath of Office Just Before Succumbing". New York Times. 15 June 1931. p. 18.
  4. ^ "Senators Profile Daniel Maramba". Philippine Senate Legacy website.
  5. ^ "Maramba, Daniel". CulturEd: Philippine Cultural Education Online.
  6. ^ "Don Daniel Maramba by E. Tagle 1966". Philippine Folio by Larry Henares, Jr.
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