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List of ancient Philippine consorts

(Redirected from List of Pre-colonial Filipino consorts)

This article contains Baybayin script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Baybayin characters.

This is a list of the queen consorts of the major kingdoms and states that existed in present-day Philippines. Only the senior queens—i.e. those with the rank of Dayang ("Lady") and Lakambini ("Queen")—are listed.

Rankings of consorts

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See also: Filipino styles and honorifics
 
Painting of a young woman of the Noble Maginoo caste adorned with gold ornaments.
 
A Tagalog couple belong to Maginoo caste.
 
A noble couple in Visayas.
 
The painting of a young mother and her child which belong in Maginoo caste and their abode which is the Torogan in the background.

Prior to the Archaic epoch (c. 900–1565), the consorts of the Filipino monarchs were organized in three general tiers: Dayang (ᜇᜌᜅ᜔), Lakambini (ᜎᜃᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈᜒ), and Binibini (ᜊᜒᜈᜒ ᜊᜒᜈᜒ), or even the word Hara (ᜑᜇ) is a Malayo-Sanskrit terms in which referred to a Queen in western sense, also meant the chief queen of the states and polities which is in the influence of India or Animist states (see also Indianized kingdoms).

The title Sultana or sultanah is an Islamic title and a feminine form of the word Sultan. This term has been legally used for some Muslim women monarchs and sultan's consorts. Nevertheless, westerners have used the title to refer to Muslim women monarchs specially in the southern part of the Philippines, which is in the Islamic influence (like Sulu and Maguindanao), sultan's women relatives who don't hold this title officially.

Rank Title in Baybayin / Arabic-Jawi Description
Hara (Tagalog: ᜑᜇ) Queen consort of a Raja
Dayang (Tagalog: ᜇᜌᜅ᜔) Court lady or a female Chief spouse of Datu[1]
Lakambini (Tagalog: ᜎᜃᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈᜒ) Queen of the Palace or Chief Consort of Lakan
Binibini (Tagalog: ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜊᜒᜈᜒ) A Princess also a Court lady[1]
Dayang-dayang (Tagalog: ᜇᜌᜅ᜔ ᜇᜌᜅ᜔, Arabic: دايڠ دايڠ) A Princess also a Court lady later become Queen consort of a Sultan or a Raja in Mindanao[1]
Sultana Arabic: سلطانه (sulṭānah) An Islamic title and a feminine form of the word Sultan. This term has been legally used for some Muslim women monarchs and sultan's consorts. Nevertheless, westerners have used the title to refer to Muslim women monarchs and sultan's women relatives who don't hold this title officially.

List of consorts

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Legendary consorts

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  • Legendary consorts and their husbands are mentioned in the folktales and oral traditions.
  • Some of the Queen consorts are claimed to be mythical, but proven to be a historic figure according to the written documents. Queen Urduja for example, is mentioned historically as the Queen of Caboloan in Chinese accounts, but also mentioned as the Queen of the legendary kingdom of Tawalisi, found in the travel account of Ibn Battuta.[1]
Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
  Maria Makiling Dayang legendary legendary Captain Lara
Joselito
and Juan[2]		 Maria Makiling is the guardian spirit of the mountain, responsible for protecting its bounty and thus, is also a benefactor for the townspeople who depend on the mountain's resources. In addition to being a guardian of the Mount Makiling, some legends also identify Laguna de Bay - and the fish caught from it - as part of her domain.[3][1]
  Magayon Princess legendary legendary a Tagalog Prince Pagtuga (eruption) (transl. Lady Beautiful) is the heroine that appears in the legend of Mt. Mayon in Albay.[4]
  Sasaban Princess or Lady c. 1300
(according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio)[1] Batangueño folk tradition (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000[1]), and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio[1])		 Emperor Soledan in oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, a "lady of Namayan" who went to the Madjapahit court to marry Emperor Soledan, eventually giving birth to Balagtas, who then returned to Namayan/Pasig in 1300.[1]: 51 
Urduja Hara c. 1350 1400 - a legendary warrior princess who is recognized as a heroine in Pangasinan. The name Urduja appears to be Sanskrit in origin, and a variation of the name "Udaya", meaning "arise" or "rising sun", or the name "Urja", meaning "breath". A historical reference to Urduja can be found in the travel account of Ibn Battuta (1304 – possibly 1368 or 1377 AD), a Muslim traveler from Morocco.

Historical consorts

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Caboloan (Pangasinan Wangdom)

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Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
Urduja Hara c. 1350 1400 - The Queen regnant of Caboloan, but presumed to be legendary.[5]

Tondo Dynasty

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Tondo have a personal union with Namayan through the traditional lineage of Kalangitan and Bagtas.[1]

Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
Angkatan Dayang c. 900 ? Namwaran Known in LCI.[6][7]
Buka Dayang c. 900 ? Jayadewa Known in LCI. She was married to Senapati Jayadewa, as a bargain to clear the debt of 1 kati and 8 suwarnas of her parents Namwaran and Dayang Angkatan.[8][6][7]
Panginoan Dayang c. 1300[1] (Oral tradition) Gat Balagtas of Sapa and Taal, Batangas[1] In oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, "Princess Panginoan of Pasig" who was married by Balagtas, the son of Emperor Soledan of Majapahit in 1300 AD in an effort consolidate rule of Namayan.[1]: 47, 51 
  Kalangitan Dayang[9] c. 1450 1515 Rajah Lontok The only Queen regnant in the history of Kingdom of Tondo.[9]
Malyag Dayang - Mother of Rajah Lontok of Namayan.
Lahat Dayang Gat Timog

Namayan

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Namayan have a personal union with Tondo through the traditional lineage of Kalangitan and Bagtas. (Legendary antiquity)[1]

Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
  Sasaban Princess or Lady prior to 1300
(according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio)[1]		 ? Emperor Soledan Batangueño folk tradition (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000),[1] and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio.[1]
Panginoan Dayang c. 1300 according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio[1] ? Gat Balagtas of Sapa In oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, "Princess Panginoan of Pasig" who was married by Balagtas, the son of Emperor Soledan of Madjapahit in 1300 in an effort consolidate rule of Namayan.[1]: 47, 51 

Maynila

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Main articles: Bruneian Empire and Battle of Manila (1500)

According to Bruneian oral tradition,[10] a city with the Malay name of Selurong, which would later become the city of Maynila) was formed around the year 1500. According to some of these oral traditions, the Sultanate of Brunei under Sultan Bolkiah attacked the Kingdom of Tondo, and established Selurong.[11]

Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
Unknown[12] Hara c.1400s or 1500 1521 Firsthand accounts generally accepted by Philippine historiographers, although with corrections for hispanocentric bias subject to scholarly peer review.[13] The veracity of "quasi-historical" (meaning not physically original) genealogical documents also remains subject to scholarly peer review.[12] She served as Paramount ruler of Manila after the death of her husband. Her period of reign covered the youth of Rajah Matanda, including the time Ache spent as commander of the Bruneian navy.[12]
  Lela Mecana
also known as Chanai Lela[14]		 Sultana 1485
(husband's reign)		 1524
(husband's reign)		 Bolkiah She is a princess of Sulu who is the spouse of Bolkiah who invaded and conquered Selurong in the 15th century,[15] her husband was also the Sultan of Bruneian Empire.[14]
  Ismelia
or Ysmeria		 Dayang
Sultana		 1515
(husband's reign)		 1558
(husband's reign)		 Rajah Sulaiman I

Rajahnate of Cebu

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Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
Humamay
or Humamai		 Hara Before 1521
(husband's reign)		 ?
(husband's reign)		 Rajah Humabon Later changed its name to Juana after she converted to Roman Catholic.[16]

Kedatuan of Dapitan

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Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
Bugbung Humasanum Dayang (Princess) c. 12th century[17] unknown
(husband's reign)		 Datu Sumanga Datu Sumanga raids China to win the hand of Dayang-dayang Bugbung Humasanum.[17]

Sultanate of Maguindanao

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Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
  Three (3) named consorts: Angintabo
Simbaan
Masawang		 Dayang-dayang 1520
(husband's reign)		 1543
(husband's reign)		 Sharif Kabungsuwan a daughter of Macaapun Rajah,
A princess from Malabang
and Angintabo's niece.[18]
Unknown Princess Dayang-dayang ?
(husband's reign)		 ? Sharif Kabungsuwan a daughter of Macaapun Rajah.
  Daragat Dayang ? daughter of Sharif Kabungsuwan.[18]

Sultanate of Sulu

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Main articles: List of sultans of Sulu and Sultanate of Sulu
Image Consort Rank Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse Notes
Paramisuli Dayang-dayang c. 17 November 1405 ? Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu [5]
Tuambaloka Dayang-dayang 1649 1650 Rajah Bongso A woman from Basilan who ascended to power and become the Queen consort of Jolo known for her bravery as she and her husband held of the invaders with 4,000 warriors.[5]
  Piandao Kiram Hadji Dayang-dayang Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram [5]
  Tarhata Kiram Hadji Dayang-dayang [5]
Emraida Kiram Hadji Dayang-dayang 1967 Miss World[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Odal-Devora, Grace (2000). "The River Dwellers". In Alejandro, Reynaldo Gamboa; Yuson, Alfred A. (eds.). Pasig : The River of Life. Unilever Philippines. pp. 43–66.
  2. ^ Lanuza, Michelle, The Legend of Maria Makiling, archived from the original on 2 October 2007, retrieved 30 September 2007
  3. ^ "A brief introduction to Filipino folklore and mythology". kuro5hin.org. 21 June 2003. Archived from the original on 24 June 2003.
  4. ^ "The Legend of Magayon". Bundok Philippines. Archived from the original on 23 January 2000.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "8 Filipina Queens and Princesses Too Awesome for Disney Movies". 27 February 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Laguna Copperplate Inscription". All Philippines. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
  7. ^ a b Tiongson, Jaime F (8 August 2010). "Laguna Copperplate Inscription: A New Interpretation Using Early Tagalog Dictionaries". Bayang Pinagpala. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  8. ^ Kimuell-Gabriel, Nancy. "Ang Tundo Sa Inskripsyon" (PDF) (in Filipino). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  9. ^ a b "Timeline / Pre-Colonial". City of Pasig. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  10. ^ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
  11. ^ del Mundo, Clodualdo (20 September 1999). "Ako'y Si Ragam (I am Ragam)". Diwang Kayumanggi. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  12. ^ a b c de Aganduru Moriz, Rodrigo (1882). Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Filipinas. Colección de Documentos inéditos para la historia de España, v.78–79. Madrid: Impr. de Miguel Ginesta.
  13. ^ Junker, Laura Lee (1998). "Integrating History and Archaeology in the Study of Contact Period Philippine Chiefdoms". International Journal of Historical Archaeology. 2: 291–320. doi:10.1023/A:1022611908759.
  14. ^ a b "The golden history of Islam in Brunei | the Brunei Times". Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  15. ^ "The Filipina as ritualist and warrior". The Manila Times. 8 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Product of the Philippines : Philippine History". Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 28 September 2007.
  17. ^ a b "Discover Bohol".
  18. ^ a b Halili, M. (2004). Philippine History. Rex Book Store. p. 52. ISBN 9789712339349. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
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