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List of French Royal Army units (1776)

(Redirected from List of Royal French Army regiments in 1776)

Below is the List of French Army regiments (1776). Also included are the changes from the supplemental 1778 ordnance. Flags next to each unit represents what the majority of its members come from.

Cavalry

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In 1776 the Royal French Army consisted of five 'groups' of cavalry ranging from light to heavy cavalry: Cavalerie (equivalent of Heavy Line Cavalry), Hussars, Chasseurs à Cheval, Chevaulégers, and Dragons (Dragoons).[1][2]

Line Cavalry

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Hussars

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Dragoons

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Infantry

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In 1776 the Royal French Army consisted of six 'groups' of infantry ranging from infantry to Guards: Guards, French Infantry, Chasseurs, Infantry of the Colonies, and the Foreign Regiments.[1][2]

Guards

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French Infantry

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Princes' Regiments

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The Princes Regiments or Régiments du Princes were those regiments which were either raised or funded almost entirely by a Prince or member of the aristocracy. The only difference between these regiments and the French infantry were, as stated above their funding, and their exclusion from the regimental uniform grouping.

German Infantry

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Swiss Infantry

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Irish Infantry

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Italian Infantry

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Legions

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Under the 1776 ordinance, all legions were disbanded and contributed a new mounted chasseurs company into each regiment of the cavalry, while the infantry components were absorbed into the new infantry garrison battalions.[3] Before 1776 these legions composed of a company of grenadiers, eight companies of fusiliers, and eight companies of dragoons, after the Peace of Versailles the volunteers were reduced to:[3]

Legions (mixed infantry and cavalry)

Following the 1776 ordinance, all of the legions' infantry companies converted to infantry chasseurs and were incorporated into every regiment of the army, thereby providing every infantry regiment with a left–wing chasseur company. The cavalry of the legions were themselves also converted to chasseurs, but mounted and dispersed throughout the cavalry, thereby providing every cavalry regiment with a mounted (scouts) squadron.[3]

After the former legions were disbanded, three more were raised (8 were originally planned) from foreign volunteers for service during the Anglo–French War (American Revolutionary War), these included:[4]

Provincial Troops

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Under the 1776 ordinance, the provincial volunteers were due to be disbanded, but by order of the King this was reduced. The provincial troops were divided into 4 categories: Royal Grenadiers, Infantry, État Major Regiments, and provincial artillery.[5]

État Major

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  • 1er Régiment d'État Major (from battalions of Troyes and Chaumont)
  • 2éme Régiment d'État Major (from battalions of Moulins and Montluçon)
  • 3éme Régiment d'État Major (from battalions of Lille and Valenciennes)
  • 4éme Régiment d'État Major (from battalions of Montbrison and Tarare)
  • 5éme Régiment d'État Major (from battalions of Privas and Anduze)

Grenadiers

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By ordinance of 30 January 1778, the Corps des Grenaiders Royaux was re–constituted, but were formed as a result of the 1776 ordinance, therefore are presented on this page for convenience. These new regiments were formed by grouped the old garrison battalions' grenadiers companies from regiments of a certain area.[5] The regiments consisted of:[5]

  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de la Picardie in Lille, companies from the Régiments de Picardie, Cambrésis, Hainaut, Vermandois, Flandre, Artois, and two companies of the 3éme Régiment de État Major
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de la Champagne in Valenciennes, companies from the Régiments de Brie, Orléans, Neustrie, and La Marine, two companies of the Régiment Provincial d'Artillerie de La Fère, and two companies of the 1er Régiment d'État Major
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de la Normandie in Rouen, companies from the Régiments de Perche, Beauce, Vexin, Normandie, Boulonnais, Dauphin, La Couronne, and Penthièvre
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de la Guyenne in Blaye, companies from the Régiments de Guyenne, Aquitaine, Médoc, Forèz, Bresse, Armagnac, Agénois, and Aunis
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux du Lyonnais in Vienne, companies from the Régiments de Auvergne and La Sarre, one company from the Provincial Artillery Regiment of Auxonne and from Artillery Regiment of Grenoble, and 2nd and 4th État Major regiments
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de la Touraine in Saumur, companies from the Régiments de Bourbonnais, Limousin, Touraine, La Reine, Conti, Maine, Anjou, and Rohan
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de l'Île de France in Mantes la Jolie, companies from the Régiments d'Isle de France, Beauvoisis, Royal, Bourgogne, Chartres, and Soissonnais
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de l'Orléanais in Orléans, companies from the Régiments de Blésois, Maréchal de Turrene, Auxerrois, Gâtinais, Bassigny, Bassigny, Berry, Poitou, and Angoumois
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de la Bretagne in Rennes, companies from the Régiments de Bretagne, Monsieur, Royal Vaisseaux, Royal Marine, Savoie Carignan, La Fère, Saintonge, and Foix
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux de la Lorrainen in Nancy, companies from the Régiments d'Austrasie, Lorraine, Champagne, and Barrois, and the provincial artillery regiments of Strasbourg and Metz
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux du Languedoc in Montpellier, companies from the Régiments de Piémont, Royal Roussillon, Languedoc, Provence, and Dauphiné, and the 5th État Major Regiment and Provincial Artillery Regiment of Grenoble
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux du Comte de Bourgogne in Besançon, companies from the Régiments de Condé, Royal Comtois, and Enghien, also the Provincial Artillery Regiments of Besançon and Toul, and a company of the Provincial Artillery Regiment of Auxonne
  • Régiment des Grenadiers Royaux du Quercy in Montauban, companies from the Régiments de Viennois, Vivarais, Rouergue, Beaujolais, Lyonnais, Bourbon, Navarre, and Béarn

Infantry

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With the exception of the Régiment de la Ville de Paris, all provincial battalions were assigned to an infantry regiment, becoming their "3rd or Garrison Battalion", except for the Régiment du Roi which had their provincial unit as the 5th and 6th battalions respectively.[5]

  • Régiment de la Ville de Paris (from the two battalions of Paris)
  • Bataillon d'Amiens (attached to Régiment de Picardie)
  • 1er Bataillon d'Aix (attached to Régiment de Provence)
  • Bataillon de Blois (attached to Régiment de Provence)
  • Bataillon d'Auch (attached to Régiment de Navarre)
  • Bataillon de Marmande (attached to Régiment d'Armagnac)
  • Bataillon de Bar le Duc (attached to Régiment de Champagne)
  • Bataillon de Nancy (attached to Régiment d'Austrasie)
  • Bataillon de Rouen (attached to Régiment de Normandie)
  • Bataillon de Pont Audemer (attached to Régiment de Neustrie)
  • Bataillon de Neuchâtel (attached to Régiment de La Marine)
  • Bataillon de Chartres (attached to Régiment d'Auxerrois)
  • Bataillon de Limoges (attached to Régiment de Bourbonnais)
  • Bataillon de Périgueux (attached to Régiment de Forèz)
  • Bataillon de Saint Gaudens (attached to Régiment de Béarn)
  • Bataillon de Libourne (attached to Régiment d'Agenois)
  • Bataillon de Clermont (attached to Régiment d'Auvergne)
  • Bataillon de Montargis (attached to Régiment de Gâtinais)
  • 1er Bataillon d'Arras (attached to Régiment de Flandre)
  • Bataillon de Péronne (attached to Régiment de Cambrésis)
  • Bataillon de Nérac (attached to Régiment de Guyenne)
  • Bataillon d'Albi (attached to Régiment de Viennois)
  • Bataillon de Senlis (attached to Régiment du Roi)
  • Bataillon de Mantes (attached to Régiment du Roi)
  • Bataillon de Joigny (attached to Régiment Royal)
  • Bataillon de Laon (attached to Régiment de Brie)
  • Bataillon de Poitiers (attached to Régiment de Poitou)
  • Bataillon de Bergerac (attached to Régiment de Bresse)
  • Bataillon de Rodèz (attached to Régiment de Lyonnais)
  • Bataillon du Mans (attached to Régiment de Maine)
  • Bataillon de Caen (attached to Régiment du Dauphin)
  • Bataillon d'Alençon (attached to Régiment de Perche)
  • Bataillon de Saint Jean d'Angély (attached to Régiment d'Aunis)
  • Bataillon de Bourges (attached to Régiment de Bassigny)
  • Bataillon de Tours (attached to Régiment de Touraine)
  • Bataillon de Vannes (attached to Régiment de Savoie Carignan)
  • Bataillon de Villeneuve d'Agen (attached to Régiment de Aquitaine)
  • Bataillon de Mayenne (attached to Régiment d'Anjou)
  • Bataillon d'Orléans (attached to Régiment de Maréchal de Turenne)
  • 2éme Bataillon d'Aix (attached to Régiment de Dauphiné)
  • Bataillon de Saint Denis (attached to Régiment de Isle de France)
  • Bataillon de Soissons (attached to Régiment de Soissons)
  • Bataillon de Saumur (attached to Régiment de La Reine)
  • Bataillon d'Angoulême (attached to Régiment de Lomousin)
  • Bataillon de Nantes (attached to Régiment Royal Vaisseaux)
  • Bataillon de Noyon (attached to Régiment de Orléans)
  • Bataillon de Saint Lô (attached to Régiment de La Couronne)
  • Bataillon de Rennes (attached to Régiment de Bretagne)
  • Bataillon de Sarreguemines (attached to Régiment de Lorraine)
  • 2éme Bataillon d'Arras (attached to Régiment d'Artois)
  • Bataillon de Châteauroux (attached to Régiment de Berry)
  • Bataillon d'Abbeville (attached to Régiment de Hainaut)
  • Bataillon de Brioude (attached to Régiment Royal Roussillon)
  • Bataillon de Salins (attached to Régiment de Condé)
  • Bataillon de Millau (attached to Régiment de Bourbon)
  • Bataillon de Beauvais (attached to Régiment de Beauvoisi)
  • Bataillon de Figeac (attached to Régiment de Rouergue)
  • Bataillon de Provins (attached to Régiment de Bourgogne)
  • Bataillon de Redon (attached to Régiment Royal Marine)
  • Bataillon de Gisors (attached to Régiment de Vermandois)
  • Bataillon de Carcassonne (attached to Régiment de Languedoc)
  • Bataillon de Mortagne (attached to Régiment de Beauce)
  • Bataillon de Saint Sever (attached to Régiment de Médoc)
  • Bataillon de Castelnaudary (attached to Régiment de Vivarais)
  • Bataillon d'Argentan (attached to Régiment de Vexin)
  • Bataillon de Dôle (attached to Régiment Royal Comtois)
  • Bataillon de Cahors (attached to Régiment de Beaujolais)
  • Bataillon de Dinan (attached to Régiment de Monsieur)
  • Bataillon de Vire (attached to Régiment de Penthièvre)
  • Bataillon de Vernoy (attached to Régiment de Boulonnais)
  • Bataillon de Saint Maixent (attached to Régiment d'Angoumois)
  • Bataillon d'Angers (attached to Régiment de Conti)
  • Bataillon de Fontenay (attached to Régiment de Saintonge)
  • Bataillon de Parthenay (attached to Régiment de Foix)
  • Bataillon de Falaise (attached to Régiment de Rohan)
  • Bataillon de Corbeil (attached to Régiment de Chartres)
  • Bataillon d'Étain (attached to Régiment de Barrois)
  • Bataillon de Lons le Saunier (attached to Régiment d'Enghien)

Artillery

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New regiments and their predecessor battalions shown in order of precedence.[5]

Artillery

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In 1776 the French artillery consisted of 7 regiments, of which all held the number 64 in regimental precedence.[6][7]

Admiralty

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Until 1890, all colonial affairs were controlled by the Secretary of State of the Navy (known as the Admiralty) (Secrétaire d'État à la Marine), though the below regiments were part of the French Royal Army. They are only shown under the Admiralty as they were under the operational command of the organisation, not the administrative.

Colonial Regiments

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Notes

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ a b Susane, Volume I, pp. 169–171.
  2. ^ a b Smith, Uniforms of the Napoleonic Wars, pp. 48–51.
  3. ^ a b c Louis Susane, Volume VII, pp. 378–381.
  4. ^ Smith, Uniforms of the American Revolutionary War, pp. 181–183.
  5. ^ a b c d e Susane, Volume VII, pp. 280, 292, 302–306.
  6. ^ Smith, Uniforms of the Napoleonic Wars, pp. 52–53.
  7. ^ Smith, Napoleon's Regiments, pp. 294–297.

References

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  • Louis Susane, Historie de l'Ancienne Infanterie Français, Volume I, 1849 Naval and Polytechnical Military Library of Paris, Paris, France.
  • Louis Susane, Historie de l'Ancienne Infanterie Français, Volume VII, 1853 Naval and Polytechnical Military Library of Paris, Paris, France.
  • Louis Susane, History of The French Artillery, Second Edition, 1874 Rue Jacob, Paris, France.
  • Digby Smith, Kevin E. Kiley, and Jeremy Black, An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Uniforms of the American War of Independence, 2017 Lorenz Books, London, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-0-7548-1761-1.
  • Digby Smith & Jeremy Black, An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Uniforms of the Napoleonic Wars, 2015 Lorenz Books, London, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-0-7548-1571-6.
  • Digby Smith, Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815, 2000 Greenhill Books, London, United Kingdom. ISBN 1-85367-413-3.
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