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List of counties in South Carolina

(Redirected from List of South Carolina county name etymologies)

The U.S. state of South Carolina is made up of 46 counties, the maximum allowable by state law.[1][2] They range in size from 392 square miles (1,015 square kilometers) in the case of Calhoun County to 1,358 square miles (3,517 square kilometers) in the case of Charleston County. The least populous county is Allendale County, with only 7,369 residents, while the most populous county is Greenville County, with a population of 558,036, despite the state's most populous city, Charleston, being located in Charleston County.

Counties of South Carolina
LocationState of South Carolina
Number46
Populations7,369 (Allendale) – 558,036 (Greenville)
Areas392 square miles (1,020 km2) (Calhoun) – 1,358 square miles (3,520 km2) (Charleston)
Government
Subdivisions

History

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In the colonial period, the land around the coast was divided into parishes corresponding to the parishes of the Church of England. There were also several counties that had judicial and electoral functions. As people settled the backcountry, judicial districts and additional counties were formed. This structure continued and grew after the Revolutionary War. In 1800, all counties were renamed as districts. In 1868, the districts were converted back to counties.[3] The South Carolina Department of Archives and History has maps that show the boundaries of counties, districts, and parishes starting in 1682.[4]

Historically, county government in South Carolina has been fairly weak.[5] The 1895 Constitution made no provision for local government, effectively reducing counties to creatures of the state. Each county's delegation to the General Assembly, comprising one senator and at least one representative, also doubled as its county council. Under this system, the state senator from each county wielded the most power.[6] From the eighteenth century to 1973, counties in South Carolina performed limited functions such as the provision of law enforcement and the construction of transportation infrastructure.[5]

In 1964, the United States Supreme Court case Reynolds v. Sims required reapportionment according to the principle of "one man, one vote", which resulted in legislative districts crossing county lines. However, it was not until 1973 that the constitution was amended to provide for limited home rule at the county level.[7] This was finally enacted in 1975 with the Home Rule Act,[6] which provided for elected councils in each county. Further, in 1989, all counties were given the authority to exercise broad police powers.[8] Thus, they may enact regulations and ordinances related to the provision or preservation of security, health, peace, and order, so long as the regulation is not inconsistent with state law.[9] Nonetheless, all counties and municipalities in South Carolina lack “fiscal home rule,” meaning they may only enact taxes authorized by the General Assembly.[6]

County ordinances become applicable within municipal boundaries when the municipality and the county make a formal agreement, and the municipality formally adopts the ordinance.[10] Unincorporated areas are governed by the county's land use plans.[11]

County abbreviations

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County Name Abbreviation[12] County Name Abbreviation[12]
Abbeville AB Greenwood GN
Aiken AK Hampton HA
Allendale AL Horry HR
Anderson AN Jasper JA
Bamberg BA Kershaw KE
Barnwell BR Lancaster LA
Beaufort BU Laurens LU
Berkeley BK Lee LE
Calhoun CL Lexington LX
Charleston CH Marion MA
Cherokee CK Marlboro ML
Chester CS McCormick MC
Chesterfield CT Newberry NB
Clarendon CR Oconee OC
Colleton CN Orangeburg OR
Darlington DA Pickens PN
Dillon DN Richland RD
Dorchester DR Saluda SA
Edgefield ED Spartanburg SP
Fairfield FA Sumter SU
Florence FL Union UN
Georgetown GE Williamsburg WG
Greenville GV York YK

Alphabetical list

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County
 FIPS code[13] County seat[14] Est.[14] Origin[15] Etymology Population
(2023)[16] 		Area[17] Map
Abbeville County 001 Abbeville 1785 Ninety-Six District Abbeville, France 24,434 512 sq mi
(1,326 km2)		  
Aiken County 003 Aiken 1871 Barnwell County, Edgefield County, Lexington County, and Orangeburg County William Aiken, founder of the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company 177,130 1,080 sq mi
(2,797 km2)		  
Allendale County 005 Allendale 1919 Barnwell County and Hampton County P.H. Allen, first postmaster of the new county 7,369 412 sq mi
(1,067 km2)		  
Anderson County 007 Anderson 1826 Pendleton District Robert Anderson, American Revolutionary War general and Southern surveyor 213,076 756 sq mi
(1,958 km2)		  
Bamberg County 009 Bamberg 1897 Barnwell County Francis Marion Bamberg (1838–1905), Confederate general in the American Civil War 12,974 396 sq mi
(1,026 km2)		  
Barnwell County 011 Barnwell 1798 Orangeburg County John Barnwell, South Carolina State Senator and prisoner of war during the American Revolution 20,447 557 sq mi
(1,443 km2)		  
Beaufort County 013 Beaufort 1769 1769 Judicial District Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, colonial proprietary landowner 198,979 923 sq mi
(2,391 km2)		  
Berkeley County 015 Moncks Corner 1882 Charleston County William Berkeley, colonial proprietary governor and landowner 255,217 1,234 sq mi
(3,196 km2)		  
Calhoun County 017 St. Matthews 1908 Lexington County and Orangeburg County John C. Calhoun, U.S. senator from South Carolina 14,186 392 sq mi
(1,015 km2)		  
Charleston County 019 Charleston 1769 1769 Judicial District King Charles II of England 424,367 1,358 sq mi
(3,517 km2)		  
Cherokee County 021 Gaffney 1897 Spartanburg County, Union County, and York County Cherokee Native Americans 56,714 397 sq mi
(1,028 km2)		  
Chester County 023 Chester 1785 Camden District Chester, Pennsylvania 32,226 586 sq mi
(1,518 km2)		  
Chesterfield County 025 Chesterfield 1798 Cheraws District Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, an Enlightenment-era scholar, government official, and member of the British House of Lords 44,031 806 sq mi
(2,088 km2)		  
Clarendon County 027 Manning 1855 Sumter County Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, colonial proprietary landowner 31,004 696 sq mi
(1,803 km2)		  
Colleton County 029 Walterboro 1800 Charleston County John Colleton, colonial proprietary landowner 38,874 1,133 sq mi
(2,934 km2)		  
Darlington County 031 Darlington 1785 Cheraws District Unknown; possibly Darlington, England 62,416 566 sq mi
(1,466 km2)		  
Dillon County 033 Dillon 1910 Marion County James William "J.W." Dillon (1826-1913), founder of the Wilson Short Cut Railroad 27,698 407 sq mi
(1,054 km2)		  
Dorchester County 035 St. George 1897 Berkeley County and Colleton County Dorchester, Massachusetts 169,833 571 sq mi
(1,479 km2)		  
Edgefield County 037 Edgefield 1785 Ninety-Six District Disputed; either its location on the edge of the state or Edgefield, Norfolk, England 27,607 507 sq mi
(1,313 km2)		  
Fairfield County 039 Winnsboro 1785 Camden District The county's fair fields, as described by colonial Governor Charles Cornwallis 20,422 710 sq mi
(1,839 km2)		  
Florence County 041 Florence 1888 Clarendon County, Darlington County, Marion County, and Williamsburg County Florence Harllee (1848-1927), daughter of Wilmington and Manchester Railroad founder W.W. Harllee 137,214 804 sq mi
(2,082 km2)		  
Georgetown County 043 Georgetown 1769 1769 Judicial District George III of the United Kingdom[18] 65,731 1,035 sq mi
(2,681 km2)		  
Greenville County 045 Greenville 1786 Washington District Nathanael Greene, Revolutionary War general 558,036 796 sq mi
(2,062 km2)		  
Greenwood County 047 Greenwood 1897 Abbeville County and Edgefield County Greenwood Plantation, the home of John McGee, the county's largest landowner 69,460 464 sq mi
(1,202 km2)		  
Hampton County 049 Hampton 1878 Beaufort County Wade Hampton III, lieutenant general and cavalry leader in the Confederate States Army and later governor of South Carolina and U.S. senator 18,122 563 sq mi
(1,458 km2)		  
Horry County 051 Conway 1801 Georgetown County Peter Horry, Revolutionary War general 397,478 1,255 sq mi
(3,250 km2)		  
Jasper County 053 Ridgeland 1912 Beaufort County and Hampton County William Jasper, Revolutionary War sergeant 33,544 702 sq mi
(1,818 km2)		  
Kershaw County 055 Camden 1798 Claremont County, Fairfield County, Lancaster County, and Richland Joseph Kershaw, one of the county's pioneering settlers 69,905 740 sq mi
(1,917 km2)		  
Lancaster County 057 Lancaster 1798 Camden District Lancaster, England, and the House of Lancaster[19] 108,215 555 sq mi
(1,437 km2)		  
Laurens County 059 Laurens 1785 Ninety-Six District Henry Laurens, president of the Second Continental Congress and prisoner of war during the American Revolution 68,873 724 sq mi
(1,875 km2)		  
Lee County 061 Bishopville 1902 Darlington County, Kershaw County, and Sumter County Robert E. Lee, Confederate general during the Civil War 15,967 411 sq mi
(1,064 km2)		  
Lexington County 063 Lexington 1804 Orangeburg County Battle of Lexington, opening skirmish of the Revolutionary War 309,528 758 sq mi
(1,963 km2)		  
Marion County 067 Marion 1800 Georgetown County Francis Marion, Revolutionary War general 28,508 494 sq mi
(1,279 km2)		  
Marlboro County 069 Bennettsville 1785 Cheraws District John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general, diplomat, and confidant of monarchs 25,704 486 sq mi
(1,259 km2)		  
McCormick County 065 McCormick 1914 Abbeville County, Edgefield County, and Greenwood County Cyrus McCormick, inventor of the mechanical reaper and founder of International Harvester 9,941 394 sq mi
(1,020 km2)		  
Newberry County 071 Newberry 1785 Ninety-Six District Disputed; possibly Newbury, Berkshire, England, or from early settlers' notion that the landscape was as "pretty as a new berry" 38,825 647 sq mi
(1,676 km2)		  
Oconee County 073 Walhalla 1868 Pickens County Oconee Native Americans 81,221 674 sq mi
(1,746 km2)		  
Orangeburg County 075 Orangeburg 1769 1769 Judicial District Prince William V of Orange 82,820 1,128 sq mi
(2,922 km2)		  
Pickens County 077 Pickens 1826 Pendleton District Andrew Pickens, governor of South Carolina 135,495 513 sq mi
(1,329 km2)		  
Richland County 079 Columbia 1799 Camden District The county's rich soil 425,138 772 sq mi
(1,999 km2)		  
Saluda County 081 Saluda 1896 Edgefield County Saluda River 19,123 462 sq mi
(1,197 km2)		  
Spartanburg County 083 Spartanburg 1785 Ninety-Six District "Spartan Regiment" of the state militia, which was the key force for victory in the Revolutionary War Battle of Cowpens 356,698 820 sq mi
(2,124 km2)		  
Sumter County 085 Sumter 1798 Claremont County, Clarendon County, and Salem County Thomas Sumter, Revolutionary War general and U.S. senator from South Carolina 104,165 682 sq mi
(1,766 km2)		  
Union County 087 Union 1798 Ninety-Six District Union Church, the first Christian place of worship in the area 26,629 515 sq mi
(1,334 km2)		  
Williamsburg County 089 Kingstree 1802 Georgetown District King William III of England 29,891 937 sq mi
(2,427 km2)		  
York County 091 York 1798 Camden District York County, Pennsylvania 298,320 696 sq mi
(1,803 km2)		  

Defunct parishes, counties and districts

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See also: List of former United States counties

Parishes

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Until the late 19th century, the South Carolina Lowcountry was divided into parishes which in turn were subdivided several "districts"; these civil parishes were based on and generally coincident (even well after disestablishment) with Anglican ecclesiastical parishes.[20]

  • St. Helena's Parish (Beaufort District)
  • St. Luke's Parish (Beaufort District), created on May 23, 1767; located on Hilton Head Island and the adjacent mainland
  • St. Peter's Parish (Beaufort District)
  • Prince William Parish (Beaufort District)
  • St. Andrew's Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. Bartholomew's Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. John's Colleton Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. George's Dorchester Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. Philip's & St. Michael's Parish (Charleston District)
  • Christchurch Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. James' Goose Creek Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. Thomas' & St. Denis' Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. John's Berkeley Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. Stephen's Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. James' Santee Parish (Charleston District)
  • St. Paul's Parish (Charleston District)
  • All Saints' Parish (Georgetown District)
  • Prince George, Winyah, Parish (Georgetown District)
  • Prince Frederick Parish (Georgetown District)
  • St. David's Parish (Cheraw District)
  • St. Mark's Parish (Cheraw District)
  • St. Matthew's Parish (Orangeburgh District)

Counties

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Districts

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Proposed counties

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  • Birch County, proposed in 2013 (portions of Lexington and Richland counties)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Section 3, Article VIII of the South Carolina Constitution Archived January 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "South Carolina Constitution - Article VIII: Local Government" (PDF). South Carolina Legislature Online. Columbia, SC: South Carolina State Legislature. October 2, 2023. Section 3. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
  3. ^ Edgar, Walter, ed. The South Carolina Encyclopedia, University of South Carolina Press, 2006, pp. 230-234, ISBN 1-57003-598-9
  4. ^ "SC County Maps". South Carolina Department of Archives and History.
  5. ^ a b Underwood, James Lowell. The South Carolina Constitution 2–5 (1985) (describing how South Carolina’s strong legislature led to weak county government in South Carolina until 1973 because county needs were handled by county delegations to the General Assembly)
  6. ^ a b c Tyer, Charlie B. (1999). "County Government in the Palmetto State". The South Carolina Governance Project. University of South Carolina. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021.
  7. ^ Ulbrich, Holley H.; London, Donna S.; Lucken, Melinda A. (2011). "Local Governments and Home Rule in South Carolina 4".
  8. ^ Pierce, Jon B. (June 8, 2016). "Local government". South Carolina Encyclopedia.
  9. ^ S.C. Code Ann. § 4-9-25 (2020).
  10. ^ Guyton, Madison (2020). "Bans on Bans: Plastic Bags, Power, And Home Rule In South Carolina". 71 S.C. L. Rev. 801, 807.
  11. ^ S.C. Code Ann. § 6-29-330 (2020).
  12. ^ a b "Curation, Loan, and Access Policy" (PDF). South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology. pp. 21–22. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  13. ^ "EPA County FIPS Code Listing". EPA. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
  14. ^ a b "NACo – Find a county". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
  15. ^ "2020 County Gazetteer Files – South Carolina". United States Census Bureau. August 23, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  16. ^ "QuickFacts: South Carolina". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  17. ^ "2020 County Gazetteer Files - South Carolina". United States Census Bureau. August 23, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  18. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 136.
  19. ^ "History of Lancaster", Lancaster County, South Carolina Archived May 15, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ The Newberry Library (2009). "South Carolina: Individual County Chronologies, South Carolina Atlas of Historical County Boundaries". publications.newberry.org. Chicago, Illinois, US. Retrieved June 5, 2018.

Works cited

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  • Landrum, John Belton O'Neall (1897) Colonial and revolutionary history of upper South Carolina: embracing for the most part the primitive and colonial history of the territory comprising the original county of Spartanburg with a general review of the entire military operations in the upper portion of South Carolina and portions of North Carolina Shannon and Company, Greenville, South Carolina, OCLC 3492548
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