Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey is a transcontinental presidential republic in Eurasia, mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage.[1][2] As of July 2024, there are 2.439,859 registered companies based in the country.[3]
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This article needs to be updated. (July 2022) |
The country has an emerging market economy as defined by the IMF.[4] Turkey is among the world's developed countries according to the CIA World Factbook.[5] Turkey is also defined by economists and political scientists as one of the world's newly industrialized countries. Turkey has the world's 17th largest nominal GDP, and 11th largest GDP by PPP. The country is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment; construction materials; consumer electronics and home appliances.[citation needed]
For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see "Business entities in Turkey".
Largest firms
editThis list shows firms in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks firms by total revenues reported before 31 March 2017.[6] Only the top five firms (if available) are included as a sample.
| Rank | Image | Name | 2023 Revenues (USD $B) | Employees | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 463 | 
|
Koç Holding | $67.482 | 123,970 | Diverse industrial conglomerate controlled by third-generation members of the Koç family. Subsidiaries include Arçelik, Divan Group and Tofaş. |
Notable firms
editThis list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Active firms
State-owned firms
Defunct firms
| Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akbank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1948 | Banking, part of Sabancı Holding |
| Aksa | Basic materials | Chemicals | Yalova | 1968 | Chemicals |
| Alarko Holding | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1954 | Construction and mechanical industries |
| Anadolu Isuzu | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Istanbul | 1984 | Automotive, part of Isuzu Motors (Japan) |
| Arçelik | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1955 | Home appliances, part of Koç Holding |
| Arkem | Basic materials | Chemicals | Istanbul | 1991 | Chemicals |
| Assan | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Istanbul | 1994 | Automotive, owned by Hyundai Motor Company |
| ASELSAN | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 1975 | Defense electronic systems |
| Askam (trucks) | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Istanbul | 1964 | Commercial trucks, defunct 2015 |
| Avea | Telecommunications | Mobile telecommunications | Istanbul | 2004 | Mobile phone operation, part of Türk Telekom |
| Aygaz | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 1961 | Propane gas, part of Koç Holding |
| Banvit | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Bandırma | 1968 | Poultry |
| Basak Traktor | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Adapazarı | 1914 | Tractors |
| Baykar | Industrials | Defence | Istanbul | 1984 | UAV |
| Beko Elektronik | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1967 | Home electronics, part of Koç Holding |
| BİM | Consumer goods | Retail | Istanbul | 1995 | Grocery |
| BMC | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | İzmir | 1964 | Automotive |
| Borusan Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1944 | Conglomerate: Steel, energy, logistics |
| BOTAŞ | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Ankara | 1974 | State-owned oil/energy |
| Çalık Enerji | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 1998 | Energy |
| Canovate | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1965 | Electrical equipment |
| Cengiz Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul[7] | 1980 | |
| Ciner Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1978 | Energy, media, commerce |
| Çukurova Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1923 | Construction, media, telecommunications |
| DenizBank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1938 | Private bank, part of Sberbank (Russia) |
| Dilek Ecza Deposu | Health care | Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology | Antalya | 1991 | Pharmaceutical distribution |
| Doğan Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1980 | Energy, media |
| Doğtaş | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Biga | 1972 | Furniture |
| Doğuş Group | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1951 | Highly diversified conglomerate |
| Eczacıbaşı | Health care | Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology | Istanbul | 1942 | Pharmaceuticals |
| Efes Beverage Group | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Istanbul | 1969 | Brewery |
| Elektrik Üretim | Utilities | Electricity | Ankara | 2001 | Energy |
| Enerco Energy | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 2004 | Natural gas |
| Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1957 | Construction |
| Erdem Architects | Industrials | Support services | Ankara | 1998 | Architects |
| Erdemir | Basic materials | Basic resources | Karadeniz Ereğli | 1967 | Iron and steel |
| Erkunt Group | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Ankara | 1953 | Tractors |
| Estap | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1989 | Electronics |
| Eti Maden | Industrials | Mining | Ankara | 1993 | Mining |
| EUROTAI | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 1997 | Helicopters, joint with Airbus Helicopters and TAI |
| EUROTEM | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Istanbul | 2006 | Trains, joint with Hyundai Rotem (South Korea) |
| EÜAŞ | Utilities | Electricity | Ankara | 2001 | Electric power |
| Fibabanka | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 2010 | Private bank |
| Finansbank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1987 | Banking, part of the QNB Group (Qatar) |
| GAMA Endustri | Industrials | Construction & materials | Ankara[8] | 1970 | Construction |
| Garanti Bank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1946 | Private bank |
| Goldas | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1993 | Jewelry |
| Gülermak | Industrials | Rail transportation | Ankara | 1958 | Construction |
| Halk Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Ankara | 1938 | State-owned Banking |
| HAVELSAN | Software | Defence | Ankara | 1982 | Government owned company |
| Hidromek | Industrials | Heavy Equipment | Ankara | 1978 | Construction |
| Hunca Cosmetics | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1957 | Cosmetics |
| Inebolu Shipyard | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | İnebolu | 2008 | Shipbuilding |
| Isdemir | Basic materials | Basic resources | İskenderun | 1970 | Steel |
| Istanbul | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1980 | Musical instruments |
| Istanbul Metro | Consumer services | Transportation | Istanbul | 1989 | Metro |
| Kalyon Group | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1974 | Construction |
| Kardemir Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikalari A.S. | Basic materials | Basic resources | Karabük | 1937 | Iron and steel |
| Karsan | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Bursa | 1966 | Automotive |
| Kayi Construction | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1991 | Construction |
| Kimetsan | Basic materials | Chemicals | Ankara | 1986 | Chemicals |
| Koç Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1926 | Energy, consumer goods, industrials, financials |
| Koton | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1988 | Clothing |
| Limak Holding | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1976 | Construction |
| Mako Elektrik | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Bursa | 1970 | Automotive |
| Mavi Jeans | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1991 | Clothing |
| Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 1950 | Military |
| Migros Türk | Consumer services | Retail | Istanbul | 1975 | Supermarket, part of Koç Holding |
| Nurol Holding | Industrials | Construction & materials | Ankara | 1989 | Construction |
| Omsan | Industrials | Support services | Istanbul | 1978 | Logistics |
| OPET | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Mersin | 1982 | Oil and gas, part of Koç Holding |
| Otokar | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Sakarya | 1963 | Automotive, part of Koç Holding |
| Otosan | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Gölcük | 1959 | Automotive, part of Koç Holding |
| Oyak-Renault | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Bursa | 1969 | Automotive |
| Ozaltin | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Adana | 2000 | Automotive |
| Pancar Motor | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Konya | 1956 | Diesel engines |
| Petkim | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | İzmir | 1965 | Petrochemical |
| Petrol Ofisi | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 1941 | Oil and gas |
| Polimeks | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1995 | Construction |
| Poliya | Basic materials | Chemicals | Istanbul | 1983 | Composites and chemicals |
| PTT | Industrials | Postal service | Ankara | 1840 | State-owned |
| Roketsan | Industrials | Defence | Ankara | 1988 | Missile manufacturer |
| Sabancı Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1926 | Financials, energy, retail |
| Sahinler Holding | Industrials | General industrials | Istanbul | 1984 | Textile |
| Salcano | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1975 | Bicycle |
| Şekerbank | Financials | Banks | Eskişehir | 1953 | Banking |
| Şişecam | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1935 | Glass manufacturing |
| Solimpeks | Oil & gas | Alternative energy | Konya | 2001 | Renewable energy |
| STFA Group | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1938 | Civil engineering and construction |
| Tabanlioglu Architects | Industrials | Support services | Istanbul | 1956 | Architects |
| TAV Airports Holding | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Istanbul | 1997 | Airport |
| TCDD | Industrials | Railroads | Ankara | 1929 | State-owned |
| TCDD Taşımacılık | Industrials | Transportation services | Ankara | 2016 | State-owned |
| Tekel | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Istanbul | 1862 | Tobacco and alcoholic beverages |
| Tekfen | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1956 | Construction |
| Temsa | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Adana | 1968 | Automotive, part of Sabancı Holding |
| Tersan Shipyard | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Yalova | 1990 | Shipbuilding |
| Tofas | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Istanbul | 1968 | Automotive, part of Koç Holding |
| TÜLOMSAŞ | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Eskişehir | 1894 | Locomotive manufacture |
| Tüpraş | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Kocaeli | 1983 | Oil refining, part of Koç Holding |
| Türk Telekom | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Ankara | 1839 | State-owned Telecommunication |
| Turkcell | Telecommunications | Mobile telecommunications | Istanbul | 1994 | State-owned Mobile phone operation |
| Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 2005 | State-owned Aircraft manufacture |
| Turkish Airlines | Consumer services | Travel & leisure | Istanbul | 1933 | Airline |
| Türkiye Is Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1924 | Banking |
| Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı (TPAO) | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Ankara | 1954 | State-owned Oil and gas industry |
| TÜVASAŞ | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Adapazarı | 1951 | Railcar manufacturer |
| Ugur Cooling | Industrials | General industrials | Aydın | 1954 | Cooling equipment |
| Ugur Group Companies | Conglomerate | - | Aydın | 1954 | Consumer goods, medical |
| Ülker | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Istanbul | 1944 | Food production |
| VakıfBank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1954 | State-owned Banking |
| Vakko | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1934 | Clothing |
| Vestel | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Manisa | 1984 | Home electronics |
| Vitra | Health care | Health care equipment & services | Istanbul | 1942 | Sanitary goods |
| Yapi Merkezi | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1965 | Construction |
| Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1944 | Banking |
| Yüksel Tohumculuk | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Antalya | 1996 | Seeds, plant breeding |
| Ziraat Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Ankara | 1863 | State-owned banking |
| Zorlu Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1990 | Textiles, electronics |
-
A view of Levent, one of the main business districts in Istanbul and home to the city's tallest buildings. -
Turkish steel works of Erdemir. -
The Eczacıbaşı offices in Istanbul.
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See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Turkey". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
- ^ "What really matters about Multiculturalism in Turkey by Rabee Al-Hafidh". todayszaman.com. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "Industry Breakdown of Companies in Turkey". HitHorizons.
- ^ "IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook" (PDF). April 2011. p. 173.
- ^ "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007.
- ^ DeCarlo, Scott (20 July 2017). "The Fortune 2017 Global 500". Fortune.
- ^ "Company Overview of Cengiz Holding A.S." Bloomberg. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
- ^ "Company Overview of GAMA Endüstri Tesisleri Imalat Ve Montaj A.S." Bloomberg. Retrieved 2019-04-01.