List of ancient Italic peoples

This list of ancient Italic peoples includes names of Indo-European peoples speaking Italic languages or otherwise considered Italic in sources from the late early 1st millennium BC to the early 1st millennium AD.

Ancestors

Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony

Map 2: Possible area of origin and migration route of Proto-Italic speaking people towards Italian peninsula

Map 3: Ethnicities of today's Italy in 400 BC. The Italic tribes lived at this point in the south-central part of the Italian peninsula.

Map 4: Ethnolinguistic map of Italy in the Iron Age, before the Roman expansion and conquest of Italy

Map 5: The linguistic and peoples landscape of Central Italy at the beginning of Roman expansion

Proto-Indo-Europeans (Proto-Indo-European speakers)
- Proto-Italics (Proto-Italic speakers)

Latino-Faliscans

Falisci
- Capenates (in Capena and Ager Capenas, Capena land)
- Falerii (in Falerii and Ager Faliscus)
- Sardinia Falisci (in and around Peronia, northeastern Sardinia)
Aborigines (mythology) (Casci Latini) - Latium Sicels
- Prisci Latini (Old Latins) (according to tradition and legend they were formed by the merger of Aborigines and Latium Sicels)
  - Latini^[1]^[2] (Latins (Italic tribe))
    - Abolani
    - Aesulani
    - Acienses
    - Albans (Albani) (Populi Albenses) (in Alba Longa Land, between the modern-day Lake Albano and Monte Cavo)
    - Antemnates (in Antemnae) (sometimes regarded as Sabines)
    - Bolani / Bovillani
    - Bubetani
    - Cusuetani (originally Latin tribe that was conquered and assimilated by the Volsci)
    - Coriolani, Old / Old Coriolani (originally Latin tribe that was conquered and assimilated by the Volsci)
    - Ficani (in Ficana Land)
    - Latin Fidenates (originally Latin tribe that was conquered and assimilated by the Etruscans, for some centuries Fidenates were Etruscans - the Fidenates Etruscans, however in the 8th century BC, Rome, after a war with Veii and Fidenae, conquered Fidenae and established a Roman Latin colony there - Fidenae Novae, and the Fidenae land was Latinized again)^[3]
    - Foreti / Foretii
    - Hortenses
    - Latinienses / Romans (Romani) (Ancient Romans) (originally in Rome and Ager Romanus or Ager Latinienses, Roman land, later throughout the Roman Empire)
      - Roman tribes (originally there were three tribes: Luceres, Ramnes and Tities, later with Roman expansion increased to 35)
        Roman gentes (sing. gens - clan) (originally they were only Roman Latins, but later, with Roman expansion, several clans of other peoples were also included, such as the Sabines, Etruscans and other Italics)
    - Longulani (originally Latin tribe that was conquered and assimilated by the Volsci)
    - Macrales
    - Manates
    - Munienses
    - Mutucumenses
    - Numinienses
    - Octulani
    - Olliculani
    - Pedani
    - Polluscini (originally Latin tribe that was conquered and assimilated by the Volsci)
    - Querquetulani
    - Sicani, Latium (Latium Sicani) (not to be confused with the Sicily's Sicani)
    - Sisolenses
    - Tolerienses (in Toleria or Tolerium Land)
    - Tutienses
    - Velienses
    - Venetulani, Latium / Latium Venetulani (may have been an originally Venetian tribe that was Latinized and assimilated)
    - Vimitellarii
    - Vitellenses
Opici

Osco-Umbrians / Sabellians

Umbrians
- Aequi
- Hernici
- Marsi
- Praetutii (in Ager Praetutianus, their name gave origin to the name of Abruzzo region)
- Sabines (Sabini)
- South Picentes/South Picenes (Pupeneis)
- Volsci
Oscans
- Alfaterni (in Salerno region)
- Aurunci (may have been the same people as the Ausones but with a different cognate name; Rhotacism: s > r)
- Ausones (may have been the same people as the Aurunci but with a different cognate name)
- Campanians (Campani)
- Frentani (sometimes classified as Samnites, who they were originally descended from)
- Lucanians
  - Bruttii
- Marrucini
- Paeligni
- Picentini (in Picentini Mounts)
- Samnites (Safineis)
  - Caraceni
  - Caudini
  - Hirpini
  - Pentri
- Sidicini
- Vestini

Other possible Italic peoples

Elymi? (Elymians)
Oenotri? (Oenotrians)
- Itali
- Morgetes?
- Sicels (Siculi)
Rutuli?
Sicani?

Veneti

Usually^[when?] they are included as an Italic people by many^[quantify] scholars.^[who?] However other scholars^[who?] argue^[where?] that they could have been a transitional people between Celts and Italics, a Celticized Italic people or a Para-Celtic people.

Carni? (may have been a Celtic tribe)
Catali
Catari
Histri
Iapydes
Liburnians (Liburni)^[4]
- Alutae (chief town: Aluus or Aloiis)
- Assesiates
- Buni
- Burnistae
- Caulici
- Curictae (on the island of Curicta, now Krk)
- Encheleae
- Fertinates
- Flanates (chief town: Flanona, which gave name to the Sinus Flanaticus)
- Hymani (or Ismeni)
- Hythmitae
- Lacinienses
- Lopsi (chief town: Lopsica, now Sveti Juraj)
- Mentores
- Olbonenses
- Peucetiae
- Stlupini
- Syopii
- Varvarini (chief town: Varvaria)
Secusses
Subocrini
Veneti Proper
Venetulani

References

^ Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1845). The History of Rome, Volume 1, p. 154.
^ Gary D. Farney, Guy Bradley, eds. (2017). The Peoples of Ancient Italy, P. 478.
^ Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1845). The History of Rome, Volume 1, p. 154.
^ Š. Batović, Liburnska kultura, Matica Hrvatska i Arheološki muzej Zadar, Zadar, 2005, UDK: 904 (398 Liburnija), ISBN 953-6419-50-5, pages 64-66

External links

[1] - Source texts of ancient Greek and Roman authors

[2] - Strabo's work The Geography (Geographica). Books 5 and 6 are about Italy (each region has a chapter).

[1] Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1845). The History of Rome, Volume 1, p. 154.

[2] Gary D. Farney, Guy Bradley, eds. (2017). The Peoples of Ancient Italy, P. 478.

[3] Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1845). The History of Rome, Volume 1, p. 154.

[4] Š. Batović, Liburnska kultura, Matica Hrvatska i Arheološki muzej Zadar, Zadar, 2005, UDK: 904 (398 Liburnija), ISBN 953-6419-50-5, pages 64-66

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