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List of American Revolutionary War battles

(Redirected from List of battles of the American Revolutionary War)

This is a list of military actions in the American Revolutionary War. Actions marked with an asterisk involved no casualties.

Major campaigns, theaters, and expeditions of the war

Battles (in chronological order)

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Battle Date Location Outcome Ref
Powder Alarm* September 1, 1774 Massachusetts British soldiers remove military supplies [1]
Storming of Fort William and Mary* December 14, 1774 New Hampshire Patriots seize powder and shot after brief skirmish. [2]
Battles of Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775 Massachusetts Patriot victory: British forces raiding Concord driven back into Boston with heavy losses. [3]
Siege of Boston April 19, 1775 –
March 17, 1776		 Massachusetts Patriot victory: British eventually evacuate Boston after Patriots fortify Dorchester heights [4]
Gunpowder Incident* April 20, 1775 Virginia Virginia governor Lord Dunmore removes powder to a Royal Navy ship, standoff is resolved peacefully [1]
New York Armory Raid* April 23, 1775 New York Patriot victory: Sons of Liberty capture muskets, bayonets and cartridge boxes from the armory at City Hall [citation needed]
Capture of Fort Ticonderoga May 10, 1775 New York Patriot victory: Patriots capture British posts at Ticonderoga and Crown point [5]
Battle of Chelsea Creek May 27–28, 1775 Massachusetts Patriot victory: Patriots capture British ship Diana [6]
Battle of Machias June 11–12, 1775 Massachusetts (present-day Maine) Patriot forces capture the HM schooner Margaretta
Battle of Bunker Hill June 17, 1775 Massachusetts British victory: British drive Patriot army from the Charlestown peninsula near Boston but suffer heavy losses [7]
Capture of Turtle Bay Depot* July 20, 1775 New York Patriot victory: Sons of Liberty capture storehouse and magazine [8]
Battle of Gloucester August 8, 1775 Massachusetts Patriot victory [9]
Raid on the Battery August 23, 1775 New York Patriot victory: 23 royal cannon from The Battery were taken under fire from HMS Asia offshore [10]
Siege of Fort St. Jean September 17 –
November 3, 1775		 Quebec Patriot victory: Patriots capture British force and subsequently overrun Montreal and much of Quebec [11]
Battle of Longue-Pointe September 25, 1775 Quebec British victory [12]
Burning of Falmouth October 18, 1775 Massachusetts British burn Falmouth [13]
Battle of Kemp's Landing November 14, 1775 Virginia British victory [14]
Siege of Savage's Old Fields November 19–21, 1775 South Carolina Patriot victory: Patriots defeat loyalist force [15]
Battle of Great Bridge December 9, 1775 Virginia Patriot victory: Lord Dunmore's loyalist force is defeated [16]
Snow Campaign December 1775 South Carolina Patriot victory; a campaign against loyalists in South Carolina [15]
Battle of Great Cane Break December 22, 1775 South Carolina Patriot victory [17]
Battle of Quebec December 31, 1775 Quebec British victory: British repulse Patriot assault on Quebec city [18]
Burning of Norfolk January 1, 1776 Virginia British bombard Norfolk and Patriots destroy what they see as a loyalist stronghold [19]
Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge February 27, 1776 North Carolina Patriot victory: loyalist force of Regulators and Highlanders defeated [20]
Battle of the Rice Boats March 2–3, 1776 Georgia British victory [21]
Raid of Nassau March 3–4, 1776 Bahamas Patriot victory. They raided against the Bahamas to obtain supplies [22]
Battle of Saint-Pierre March 25, 1776 Quebec Patriot victory [23]
Battle of Block Island April 6, 1776 Rhode Island British victory [24]
Battle of The Cedars May 18–27, 1776 Quebec British victory [25]
Battle of Trois-Rivières June 8, 1776 Quebec British victory: Patriots forced to evacuate Quebec [26]
Battle of Sullivan's Island June 28, 1776 South Carolina Patriot victory: British attack on Charleston is repulsed [27]
Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet June 29, 1776 New Jersey Patriot victory [28]
Battle of Gwynn's Island July 8–10, 1776 Virginia Patriot victory [29]
Battle of Lindley's Fort July 15, 1776 South Carolina Patriot victory: Native Americans attack repulsed [30]
Battle of Long Island August 27, 1776 New York British victory: in the largest battle of the war the Patriot army is outflanked and routed on Long Island but later manages to evacuate to Manhattan
Landing at Kip's Bay September 15, 1776 New York British victory: British capture New York City
Battle of Harlem Heights September 16, 1776 New York Patriot victory: Patriots repulse British attack on Manhattan
Battle of Valcour Island October 11, 1776 New York British victory: British defeat Patriot naval force on Lake Champlain, but victory comes too late to press the offensive against the Hudson valley
Battle of Mamaroneck October 22, 1776 New York British tactical victory
Battle of White Plains October 28, 1776 New York British victory
Battle of Fort Cumberland November 10–29, 1776 Nova Scotia British victory
Battle of Fort Washington November 16, 1776 New York British victory: British capture 3,000 Patriots on Manhattan in one of the most devastating Patriot defeats of the war
Battle of Fort Lee November 20, 1776 New Jersey British victory: Patriots begin general retreat
Ambush of Geary December 14, 1776 New Jersey Patriot victory
Battle of Iron Works Hill December 22–23, 1776 New Jersey British victory
Battle of Trenton December 26, 1776 New Jersey Patriot victory: Patriots capture Hessian detachment at Trenton
Second Battle of Trenton January 2, 1777 New Jersey Patriot victory
Battle of Princeton January 3, 1777 New Jersey Patriot victory: Patriots defeat a small British force, the British decide to evacuate New Jersey
Battle of Millstone January 20, 1777 New Jersey Patriot victory
Forage War January–March 1777 New Jersey Patriots harass remaining British forces in New Jersey
Battle of Punk Hill March 8, 1777 New Jersey Patriot victory
Battle of Bound Brook April 13, 1777 New Jersey British victory
Battle of Ridgefield April 27, 1777 Connecticut British victory
Battle of Thomas Creek May 17, 1777 East Florida British victory
Meigs Raid May 24, 1777 New York Patriot victory
Battle of Short Hills June 26, 1777 New Jersey British victory
Siege of Fort Ticonderoga July 5–6, 1777 New York British victory
Battle of Hubbardton July 7, 1777 Vermont British victory
Battle of Fort Ann July 8, 1777 New York British victory
Siege of Fort Stanwix August 2–23, 1777 New York Patriot victory: British fail to take Fort Stanwix
Battle of Oriskany August 6, 1777 New York British victory
Second Battle of Machias August 13–14, 1777 Massachusetts (present-day Maine) British victory
Battle of Bennington August 16, 1777 New York Patriot victory
Battle of Staten Island August 22, 1777 New York British victory
Battle of Setauket August 22, 1777 New York British victory
First Siege of Fort Henry September 1 or 21, 1777 Virginia Patriot victory
Battle of Cooch's Bridge September 3, 1777 Delaware British victory
Battle of Brandywine September 11, 1777 Pennsylvania British victory
Battle of the Clouds September 16, 1777 Pennsylvania Battle called off due to rain
Battle of Freeman's Farm September 19, 1777 New York British tactical victory: First of the two Battles of Saratoga
Battle of Paoli September 21, 1777 Pennsylvania British victory
Siege of Fort Mifflin September 26 –
November 15, 1777		 Pennsylvania British victory
Battle of Germantown October 4, 1777 Pennsylvania British victory
Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery October 6, 1777 New York British victory
Battle of Bemis Heights October 7, 1777 New York Patriot victory: Second of the two Battles of Saratoga, British under Burgoyne driven back and forced to surrender 10 days later
Battle of Red Bank October 22, 1777 New Jersey Patriot victory
Battle of Gloucester November 25, 1777 New Jersey Patriot victory
Battle of White Marsh December 5–8, 1777 Pennsylvania Patriot victory
Battle of Matson's Ford December 11, 1777 Pennsylvania British victory
Battle of Barbados March 7, 1778 Barbados British victory
Battle of Quinton's Bridge March 18, 1778 New Jersey British victory
North Channel Naval Duel April 24, 1778 Great Britain Patriot victory
Battle of Crooked Billet May 1, 1778 Pennsylvania British victory
Battle of Barren Hill May 20, 1778 Pennsylvania Indecisive
Mount Hope Bay raids May 25–30, 1778 Rhode Island British victory
Battle of Cobleskill May 30, 1778 New York British-Iroquois victory
Battle of Monmouth June 28, 1778 New Jersey Draw: British break off engagement and continue retreat to New York
Battle of Alligator Bridge June 30, 1778 East Florida British victory
Battle of Wyoming July 3, 1778 Pennsylvania British-Iroquois victory
First Battle of Ushant July 27, 1778 Bay of Biscay Indecisive
Battle of Newport August 29, 1778 Rhode Island British victory
Grey's raid September 5–17, 1778 Massachusetts British victory
Invasion of Dominica September 7, 1778 Dominica French victory
Siege of Boonesborough September 7, 1778 Virginia Patriot victory
Attack on German Flatts September 17, 1778 New York British-Iroquois victory
Baylor Massacre September 27, 1778 New Jersey British victory
Battle of Edgar's Lane September 30, 1778 New York Patriot victory
Raid on Unadilla and Onaquaga October 2–16, 1778 Indian Reserve Patriot victory
Battle of Chestnut Neck October 6, 1778 New Jersey British victory
Affair at Little Egg Harbor October 16, 1778 New Jersey British victory
Carleton's Raid October 24-November 14, 1778 Vermont British victory
Cherry Valley Massacre November 11, 1778 New York British-Iroquois victory
Battle of St. Lucia December 15, 1778 St. Lucia British victory
Capture of St. Lucia December 18–28, 1778 St. Lucia British victory
Capture of Savannah December 29, 1778 Georgia British victory
Battle of Beaufort February 3, 1779 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Kettle Creek February 14, 1779 Georgia Patriot victory
Siege of Fort Vincennes February 23–25, 1779 Indiana Patriot victory
Battle of Brier Creek March 3, 1779 Georgia British victory
Battle of Chillicothe May 1779 Quebec Patriot victory
Chesapeake raid May 10–24, 1779 Virginia British victory
Capture of Saint Vincent June 16–18, 1779 St. Vincent French victory
Battle of Stono Ferry June 20, 1779 South Carolina British victory
Great Siege of Gibraltar June 24, 1779 – February 7, 1783 Gibraltar British victory
Capture of Grenada July 2, 1779 Grenada French victory
Tryon's raid July 5–14, 1779 Connecticut British victory
Battle of Grenada July 6, 1779 Grenada French victory
Battle of Stony Point July 16, 1779 New York Patriot victory
Battle of Minisink July 22, 1779 New York British-Iroquois victory
Penobscot Expedition July 24-August 29, 1779 Massachusetts British victory
Battle of Paulus Hook August 19, 1779 New Jersey Patriot victory
Battle of Newtown August 29, 1779 Indian Reserve Patriot victory
Capture of Fort Bute September 7, 1779 West Florida Patriot-Spanish victory
Battle of Lake Pontchartrain September 10, 1779 West Florida Patriot victory
Boyd and Parker ambush September 13, 1779 Indian Reserve British-Iroquois victory
Action of 14 September 1779 September 14, 1779 Azores British victory
Siege of Savannah September 16-October 18, 1779 Georgia British victory
Battle of Baton Rouge September 20–21, 1779 West Florida Patriot-Spanish victory
Battle of Flamborough Head September 23, 1779 Great Britain Patriot victory
Action of 6 October 1779 October 6, 1779 France French victory
Battle of San Fernando de Omoa October 16-November 29, 1779 Guatemala British victory
Action of 11 November 1779 November 11, 1779 Portugal British victory
Action of 20 November 1779 November 20, 1779 Portugal British victory
First Battle of Martinique December 18, 1779 Martinique British victory
Action of 8 January 1780 January 8, 1780 Spain British victory
Battle of Cape St. Vincent January 16, 1780 Portugal British victory
Battle of Young's House February 3, 1780 New York British victory
Battle of Van Creek February 11, 1780 Georgia Loyalist victory
San Juan Expedition March–November, 1780 Guatemala Patriot-Spanish victory
Battle of Fort Charlotte March 2–14, 1780 West Florida Patriot-Spanish victory
Siege of Charleston March 29-May 12, 1780 South Carolina British victory: British recapture South Carolina following the battle
Battle of Monck's Corner April 14, 1780 South Carolina British victory
Second Battle of Martinique April 17, 1780 Martinique Patriot victory
Battle of Lenud's Ferry May 6, 1780 South Carolina British victory
Bird's invasion of Kentucky May 25-August 4, 1780 Virginia British victory
Battle of St. Louis May 25, 1780 Louisiana (present-day Missouri) Patriot-Spanish victory
Battle of Waxhaws May 29, 1780 South Carolina British victory
Battle of Connecticut Farms June 7, 1780 New Jersey British victory
Battle of Mobley's Meeting House June 10–12, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Ramsour's Mill June 20, 1780 North Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Springfield June 23, 1780 New Jersey Patriot victory
Huck's Defeat July 12, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Bull's Ferry July 20–21, 1780 New Jersey Loyalist victory
Battle of Colson's Mill July 21, 1780 North Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Rocky Mount August 1, 1780 South Carolina Loyalist victory
Battle of Hanging Rock August 6, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Pekowee August 8, 1780 Quebec Patriot victory
Action of 9 August 1780 August 9, 1780 Atlantic Franco-Spanish victory
Action of 10 August 1780 August 10, 1780 France British victory
Action of 13 August 1780 August 13, 1780 Ireland British victory
Battle of Camden August 16, 1780 South Carolina British victory
Battle of Fishing Creek August 18, 1780 South Carolina British victory
Battle of Musgrove Mill August 18, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Black Mingo August 28, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Wahab's Plantation September 20, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Charlotte September 26, 1780 North Carolina British victory
Action of 30 September 1780 September 30, 1780 Bermuda British victory
Battle of Kings Mountain October 7, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory: halts first British invasion of North Carolina
Battle of Shallow Ford October 14, 1780 North Carolina Patriot victory
Royalton Raid October 16, 1780 Vermont British victory
Battle of Klock's Field October 19, 1780 New York Patriot victory
Battle of Tearcoat Swamp October 25, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
La Balme's Defeat November 5, 1780 Quebec British-Iroquois victory
Battle of Fishdam Ford November 9, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Blackstock's Farm November 20, 1780 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Fort St. George November 23, 1780 New York Patriot victory
Battle of Jersey January 6, 1781 Jersey British victory
Battle of Mobile January 7, 1781 West Florida Patriot-Spanish victory
Battle of Cowpens January 17, 1781 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Cowan's Ford February 1, 1781 North Carolina British victory
Capture of Sint Eustatius February 3, 1781 Sint Eustatius British victory
Battle of Summerfield February 12, 1781 North Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Haw River February 24, 1781 North Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Wetzell's Mill March 6, 1781 North Carolina British victory
Siege of Pensacola March 9-May 8, 1781 West Florida Patriot-Spanish victory
Battle of Guilford Court House March 15, 1781 North Carolina British victory
Battle of Cape Henry March 16, 1781 Virginia British strategic victory, tactically indecisive
Siege of Fort Watson April 15–23, 1781 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Porto Praya April 15, 1781 Cape Verde Draw
Battle of Blandford April 25, 1781 Virginia British victory
Battle of Hobkirk's Hill April 25, 1781 South Carolina British victory
Battle of Fort Royal April 29, 1781 Martinique French victory
Action of 1 May 1781 May 1, 1781 France British victory
Battle of Fort Motte May 8–12, 1781 South Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of Pine's Bridge May 14, 1781 New York Loyalist victory
Battle of Portevent's Mill May 16, 1781 North Carolina Patriot victory
Siege of Augusta May 22-June 6, 1781 Georgia Patriot victory
Siege of Ninety-Six May 22-June 18, 1781 South Carolina British victory
Invasion of Tobago May 24-June 2, 1781 Tobago French victory
Action of 30 May 1781 May 30, 1781 Barbary Coast British victory
Battle of Spencer's Ordinary June 26, 1781 Virginia British victory
Francisco's Fight July 1781 Virginia Patriot victory
Battle of Green Spring July 6, 1781 Virginia British victory
Naval battle of Louisbourg July 21, 1781 Nova Scotia Franco-Patriot victory
Battle of Dogger Bank August 5, 1781 North Sea British victory
Battle of Piqua August 8, 1781 Ohio Patriot victory
Invasion of Minorca August 19, 1781 – February 5, 1782 Minorca Franco-Spanish victory
Lochry's Defeat August 24, 1781 Quebec British-Iroquois victory
Battle of Elizabethtown August 27, 1781 North Carolina Patriot victory
Battle of the Chesapeake September 5, 1781 Virginia French victory
Battle of Groton Heights September 6, 1781 Connecticut British victory
Battle of Eutaw Springs September 8, 1781 South Carolina British victory
Battle of Lindley's Mill September 13, 1781 North Carolina Patriot victory
Long Run Massacre September 13, 1781 Virginia British-Iroquois victory
Siege of Yorktown September 28-October 19, 1781 Virginia Franco-Patriot victory: Cornwallis surrenders his force of over 7,000
Battle of Fort Slongo October 3, 1781 New York Patriot victory
Battle of Raft Swamp October 15, 1781 North Carolina Patriot Victory
Battle of Johnstown October 25, 1781 New York Patriot victory
Second Battle of Ushant December 12, 1781 Bay of Biscay British victory
Battle of Videau's Bridge January 2, 1782 South Carolina British victory
Siege of Brimstone Hill January 11-February 13, 1782 St. Christopher Franco-Patriot victory
Action of 15 January 1782 January 15, 1782 Jamaica British victory
Capture of Demerara and Essequibo January 22-February 5, 1782 Demerara and Essequibo Franco-Patriot victory
Battle of Saint Kitts January 25–26, 1782 St. Christopher British victory
Capture of Montserrat February 22, 1782 Montserrat French victory
Battle of Wambaw February 24, 1782 South Carolina British victory
Gnadenhütten massacre March 8, 1782 Ohio
Battle of Roatán March 16, 1782 Guatemala Patriot-Spanish victory
Action of 16 March 1782 March 16, 1782 Strait of Gibraltar British victory
Battle of Little Mountain March 22, 1782 Virginia British-Iroquois victory
Battle of Delaware Bay April 8, 1782 New Jersey Patriot victory
Battle of the Saintes April 9–12, 1782 Dominica British victory
Battle of the Black River April–August, 1782 Guatemala British victory
Battle of the Mona Passage April 19, 1782 Mona passage British victory
Action of 20–21 April 1782 April 20–21, 1782 Bay of Biscay British victory
Capture of the Bahamas May 6, 1782 Bahamas Patriot-Spanish victory
Crawford expedition May 25-June 12, 1782 Quebec British-Iroquois victory
Naval battle off Halifax May 28–29, 1782 Nova Scotia British victory
Raid on Chester June 30, 1782 Nova Scotia British victory
Raid on Lunenburg July 1, 1782 Nova Scotia Patriot victory
Hudson Bay Expedition August 8, 1782 Rupert's Land Franco-Patriot victory
Siege of Bryan Station August 15–17, 1782 Virginia Patriot victory
Battle of Blue Licks August 19, 1782 Virginia British-Iroquois victory
Battle of the Combahee River August 27, 1782 South Carolina British victory
Action of 4 September 1782 September 4, 1782 France British victory
Action of 5 September 1782 5 September 1782 Long Island Inconclusive
Siege of Fort Henry September 11–13, 1782 Virginia Patriot victory
Grand Assault on Gibraltar September 13, 1782 Gibraltar British victory
Action of 15 September 1782 15 September 1782 Delaware Bay British victory
Action of 18 October 1782 October 18, 1782 Hispaniola British victory
Battle of James Island November 14, 1782 South Carolina British victory
Action of 6 December 1782 December 6, 1782 Martinique British victory
Battle of the Delaware Capes 20 - 21 December 1782 Cape May British victory
Cedar Bridge Tavern December 27, 1782 New Jersey Patriot victory: Captains Richard Shreve and Edward Thomas engaged John Bacon and his Loyalist bandits (known now as "Refugees") at Cedar Bridge. A brief exchange of gunfire took place, and Bacon and his men were able to escape. This was the last land battle in the U.S.
Action of 2 January 1783 January 2, 1783 Hispaniola Inconclusive
Action of 22 January 1783 January 22, 1783 Virginia British victory
Action of 15 February 1783 February 15, 1783 Guadeloupe British victory
Action of 17 February 1783 17 February 1783 Cuba British victory
Recapture of the Bahamas 14–18 April 1783 Bahamas British victory
Battle of Arkansas Post 17 April 1783 Louisiana (present-day Arkansas) Spanish Victory

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Richmond, Robert P. (1971). Powder Alarm 1774. Princeton: Auerbach. ISBN 978-0-87769-073-3.
  2. ^ Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England: From the Norman Conquest, in 1066 to the Year 1803. AD 1774 - 1777. Bagshaw. 1813.
  3. ^ Daughan, George C. (2018). Lexington and Concord: The Battle heard round the world (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-24574-5.
  4. ^ Chidsey, Donald Barr (1966). The siege of Boston; an on-the-scene account of the beginning of the American Revolution. Internet Archive. New York, Crown.
  5. ^ Randall, Willard Sterne (1990). Benedict Arnold: patriot and traitor (1st ed.). New York: Morrow. ISBN 978-1-55710-034-4.
  6. ^ Nelson, James L. (2008). George Washington's secret navy: how the American revolution went to sea. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-149389-5.
  7. ^ Ketchum, Richard M. (1999). Decisive day: the Battle for Bunker Hill (1st ed.). New York: H. Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-6099-7.
  8. ^ Roberts, Robert B. (1988). Encyclopedia of historic forts: the military, pioneer, and trading posts of the United States. New York, N.Y. u.a: Macmillan. p. 603. ISBN 978-0-02-926880-3.
  9. ^ Garland, Joseph E. (2006). The fish and the falcon: Gloucester's resolute role in America's fight for freedom. Charleston, SC: History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-007-5.
  10. ^ Chernow, Ron (2004). Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-009-0.
  11. ^ Gabriel, Michael P. (2002). Major general Richard Montgomery: the making of an American hero. Madison, NJ : London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press ; Associated University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3931-3.
  12. ^ "Canada & the American Revolution, 1774-1783 | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  13. ^ Miller, Nathan (1974). Sea of glory: the Continental Navy fights for independence, 1775-1783. New York: D. McKay Co. ISBN 978-0-679-50392-7.
  14. ^ Selby, John E. (2007). The Revolution in Virginia, 1775-1783. Williamsburg, Va. : Charlottesville, Va: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation ; Distributed by the University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-87935-233-2.
  15. ^ a b Alden, John Richard; Stephenson, Wendell Holmes (1976). The South in the revolution: 1763 - 1789. A history of the South : [in eleven volumes] / eds. Wendell Holmes Stephenson. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State Univ. Press [u.a.] ISBN 978-0-8071-0003-5.
  16. ^ Wilson, David K. (2005). The southern strategy: Britain's conquest of South Carolina and Georgia, 1775-1780. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-573-9.
  17. ^ Huff, 22; Bobby Gilmer Moss, The Patriots in the Snow Campaign, 1775 (Blacksburg, SC: Scotia Hibernia Press, 2007), 18.
  18. ^ Anderson, Mark R. (2013). The battle for the fourteenth colony: America's war of liberation in Canada, 1774-1776. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. ISBN 978-1-61168-497-1.
  19. ^ Russell, David Lee (2000). The American Revolution in the Southern colonies. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co. ISBN 978-0-7864-0783-5.
  20. ^ Wilson, David K. (2005). The southern strategy: Britain's conquest of South Carolina and Georgia, 1775-1780. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-573-9.
  21. ^ Russell, David Lee (2006). Oglethorpe and colonial Georgia: a history, 1733-1783. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co. ISBN 978-0-7864-2233-3. OCLC 62888912.
  22. ^ Field, Edward (1898). Esek Hopkins, commander-in-chief of the continental navy during the American Revolution, 1775 to 1778 : master mariner, politician, brigadier general, naval officer and philanthropist. Harvard University. Providence : Preston & Rounds Co.
  23. ^ Brown, Gerald S.; Lanctot, Gustave; Cameron, Margaret M. (1968). "Canada and the American Revolution, 1774-1783". The Journal of Southern History. 34 (2): 294. doi:10.2307/2204675. ISSN 0022-4642. JSTOR 2204675.
  24. ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1999). John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-410-4.
  25. ^ Kingsford, William (1893). The History of Canada, Volume 6. Toronto, Canada: Roswell & Hutchinson. pp. 51–64. OCLC 3676642.
  26. ^ Stanley, George (1973). Canada Invaded 1775–1776. Toronto, Canada: Hakkert. pp. 37–132. ISBN 978-0-88866-578-2.
  27. ^ Russell, David Lee (2002). Victory on Sullivan's Island: the British Cape Fear/Charles Town expedition of 1776. Haverford, PA: Infinity Publishing.com. ISBN 978-0-7414-1243-0.
  28. ^ Donnelly, Mark; Diehl, Daniel (2010). Pirates of New Jersey: plunder and high adventure on the Garden State coastline (1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-0667-4. OCLC 610018988.
  29. ^ Boatner, Mark Mayo (1994). Encyclopedia of the American Revolution (3rd ed.). Mechanicsburg (Pa.): Stackpole books. ISBN 978-0-8117-0578-3.
  30. ^ Barbour, R. L. (2002). South Carolina's Revolutionary War Battlefields: A Tour Guide. Gretna, Los Angeles: Pelican Publishing Company. p. 19. ISBN 9781455612123.
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