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List of chatbots

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A chatbot is a software application or web interface that is designed to mimic human conversation through text or voice interactions.[1][2][3] Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing, but simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

This list of chatbots is a general overview of notable chatbot applications and web interfaces.

General chatbots

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Chatbot Developer Released Platform Technology License Notes
Alexa Amazon 2014-11-06 Fire OS, iOS, Android, Linux, Windows, Wear OS[citation needed] Largely based on a Polish speech synthesizer named Ivona, bought by Amazon in 2013[4][5] Proprietary Virtual assistant
Alice Yandex 2017-10-10 Windows, iOS, Android YandexGPT[6] ? Virtual assistant
AliGenie Alibaba Group 2017-07-05 ? ? ? Virtual assistant
Assistant Google 2016-05-18 Android, ChromeOS, iOS, iPadOS, KaiOS, Linux, Android TV, Wear OS ? ? Virtual assistant
Bixby Samsung Electronics 2017-04-21 Android, Tizen, Windows, Wear OS ? Proprietary, except for open-source components Virtual assistant
Braina Brainasoft 2014-02-09 or earlier[7] Windows Various Proprietary Virtual assistant[8][9] and speech-to-text dictation[10] application
CarynAI Caryn Marjorie[11] 2023-05-09 ? BanterAI[12][13][14][15][16] ?
Celia Huawei 2020-04-27 Android, EMUI, HarmonyOS Huawei PanGu Proprietary Virtual assistant designed for the latest HarmonyOS and Android-based EMUI smartphones that lack Google Services and the Google Assistant[17][18][19][20]
ChatGPT OpenAI 2022-11-30 Web app, iOS, Android GPT-4, GPT-4o, GPT-4o mini Proprietary
Claude Anthropic 2023-03 Web app, iOS Claude 2.1 Proprietary
Cleverbot Rollo Carpenter 2008-10 Web app ? ? Winner of the 2010 Mechanical Intelligence Competition
Clova Naver Corporation 2017-03-01 iOS, Android ? ? Virtual assistant
Copilot Microsoft 2023-02-07 Web app, Windows, iOS, Android Microsoft Prometheus, GPT-4 Proprietary Launched as Bing Chat
Ernie Bot Baidu 2023-03-16 ? ? ?
Gemini Google 2023-03-21 Web app, Android, iOS Gemini (language model) Proprietary[21] Virtual assistant
GigaChat Sberbank 2023-04 Web app ? Proprietary
Grok xAI 2023-11-04 Web app ? Proprietary, Apache-2.0 (Grok-1) Currently under beta testing for those with the premium version of X
Jabberwacky Rollo Carpenter 1997 Web app ? ? Predecessor to Cleverbot
Kuki Steve Worswick 2013 or earlier[22] Web app, various social networks Pandorabots AIML ? Embodied five-time Loebner Prize winner designed to befriend humans in the metaverse[23][24][25]
Lenny "Mango"[26][27] 2011 ? ? Source-available An audio bot designed to annoy telemarketers
Leo Brave Software 2023-11-02 Windows, macOS, Linux LLaMA 2, Claude ? Included with the Brave desktop browser
MegaHAL Jason Hutchens 1995-04-30 Web app, command line ? Unlicense
SILVIA Cognitive Code 2008-01-01 Windows, macOS, iOS, Android ? Proprietary Core platform technology
SimSimi ISMaker[28] 2002 Web app, iOS, Android ? ?
Siri Apple Inc. 2011-10-05 iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, tvOS, audioOS, visionOS[29][30] ? ? Virtual assistant
SpookiTalk The Digital Village 1998-04-02 Windows, Classic Mac OS Based on VelociText[31] ? Language processor used for non-player characters in Starship Titanic[citation needed]
Q Amazon 2023-11-28 Web app Amazon Titan, Amazon Bedrock,[32] generative pre-trained transformers ? Developed for enterprise use
Ultra Hal Robert Medeksza 2000-12-04 or earlier[33] Windows GPT-3[34][non-primary source needed] ? 2007 Loebner Prize winner intended to function as a virtual assistant
Xiaowei Tencent 2017-06 (late in the month) ? ? ? Virtual assistant

Historical chatbots

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Chatbot Developer Released Discontinued Platform Technology License Notes
Albert One Robby Garner 1995 ? The Internet Based on a multi-faceted approach in natural-language programming ? 1998 and 1999 Loebner Prize winner designed to mimic the way humans make conversations
Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity Richard Wallace 1995-11-23[35] 2013-10-15 ? AIML Open-source software[36] Three-time Loebner Prize winner
Assistant Speaktoit 2011-03-01 2016-12-15 Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows 8, Windows 10, ChromeOS ? ? A virtual assistant acquired by Google, unrelated to the Google Assistant
Charlix ? 2006-04-17 2010-03-03[37][non-primary source needed] Linux Based on Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity Open-source software Desktop virtual assistant
Cortana Microsoft 2014-04-02 2023-08-11 Windows, Windows Phone, iOS, Android, Xbox OS Tellme Networks, Satori, Microsoft Eva Proprietary A deprecated virtual assistant succeeded by Copilot; originally named after character in Xbox Halo video game
Dr. Sbaitso Creative Labs 1991-06 or earlier[38] ? MS-DOS Speech synthesis ? Initially released in Singapore
ELIZA Joseph Weizenbaum[39][40] 1964 1967 (stopped development)[41] ? Pattern matching, MAD-SLIP, lisp-like representation[42] ? Developed at MIT
Eugene Goostman Vladimir Veselov, Eugene Demchenko, Sergey Ulasen[43][44] 2001 2014-06-07 ? ? ? 2012 Turing 100 and 2014 Royal Society Turing test winner some regard as having passed the Turing test
Evi True Knowledge 2012-10 2014-01-23 iOS, Android ? ? Virtual assistant
Fred Robby Garner 1997-12-01 or earlier[45] ? ? ? ?
GooglyMinotaur ActiveBuddy (under contract by Capitol Records) 2001-06 2002-03-24 AIM ? ? ActiveBuddy's first offering,[46][47] specializing in Radiohead-related information[48]
Infobot Kevin Lenzo 1995-06 ? IRC Perl, factoids Artistic License An IRC bot primarily designed to assist with answering FAQs in channels such as #perl[49]
Jeeney AI C.J. Jones 2007-02[50] 2010 ? ? ? 2009 Chatterbox Challenge winner[51]
Mark V Shaney Rob Pike, Bruce Ellis, Don P. Mitchell 1981 ? Usenet Markov chain techniques ? A synthetic user whose postings in the net.singles newsgroups were generated based on text from other postings
Mycroft Mycroft team 2015-11-17 2023-01-31 Linux ? Apache License[52] Virtual assistant
PARRY Kenneth Colby 1972 ? ? ? ? An early example of a chatbot
Racter Mindscape (publisher) 1984 ? IBM PC compatibles, Apple II, Mac, Amiga ? ? Was able to generate English-language prose at random[53]
SmarterChild ActiveBuddy 2001-06 2006-10-12 AIM, Windows Live Messenger ? ? The second bot released by ActiveBuddy[54]
Sparrow Google DeepMind 2022-09 2023-01-12 Web app Chinchilla Proprietary
Tay Microsoft 2016-03-23 2016-03-24 Twitter ? ? Rapidly decayed into producing racist bigotry after manipulation by online trolls (from 4chan and 8chan); suspended after 16 hours[55][56]
Verbot Avaya 1997 2012 (early in the year) Microsoft Windows, web app ? ? An artificial intelligence software development kit[57]
Viv Viv Labs, Inc. (subsidiary of Samsung Electronics) 2016-05-09 2017-10-18 iOS, Android Integrated into Bixby 2.0 ? Virtual assistant

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "What is a chatbot?". techtarget.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  2. ^ Caldarini, Guendalina; Jaf, Sardar; McGarry, Kenneth (2022). "A Literature Survey of Recent Advances in Chatbots". Information. 13 (1). MDPI: 41. arXiv:2201.06657. doi:10.3390/info13010041.
  3. ^ Adamopoulou, Eleni; Moussiades, Lefteris (2020). "Chatbots: History, technology, and applications". Machine Learning with Applications. 2: 100006. doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2020.100006.
  4. ^ "Ivona, Alexa, Vika or intelligent girls from Gdańsk". May 22, 2020.
  5. ^ "Amazon Gets into Voice Recognition, Buys Ivona Software to Compete Against Apple's Siri". January 24, 2013.
  6. ^ "«Яндекс» добавил в «Алису» аналог ChatGPT" (in Russian). www.rbc.ru. 17 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  7. ^ Vladimir A. Fomichov; Alexander A. Razorenov (2014). "The Design of A Natural Language Interface for File System Operations on the basis of a Structured Meanings Model". Procedia Computer Science. 31 (2014). Elsevier: 1005–1011. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.353.
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  17. ^ "Huawei's Celia". Android Authority. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020.
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  20. ^ "Meet Celia, Huawei's own voice assistant". Speed Magazine. 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
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  26. ^ Oberhaus, Daniel (November 21, 2018). "The Story of Lenny, the Internet's Favorite Telemarketing Troll". Vice.com.
  27. ^ Bolton, Doug (January 14, 2016). "Meet Lenny – the internet's favourite telemarketer-tricking robot". The Independent. London.
  28. ^ "What is Simsimi? All About the iPhone and Android App That Has the World Laughing Out Loud". International Business Times. 23 January 2012. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
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  33. ^ "Ultra Hal assistant". The Tribune. 4 December 2000.
  34. ^ "Ultra Hal". Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  35. ^ Thompson 2002, p. 2
  36. ^ Henderson 2007, pg. 127
  37. ^ "Charlix". Retrieved 2024-02-04.
  38. ^ PC Mag Oct 29, 1991 p.67 advertisement
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  46. ^ "ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com". Business Wire. 2002-07-15.
  47. ^ Gibes, Al (2002-03-25). "Circle of buddies grows ever wider". Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada).
  48. ^ Gibes, Al (2002-03-25). "Circle of buddies grows ever wider". Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada).
  49. ^ Lenzo, Kevin (Summer 1998). "Infobots and Purl". The Perl Journal. 3 (2). Retrieved 2010-07-26.
  50. ^ Chatbot Jeeney A.I., chatbots.org (Retrieved 21 February 2024).
  51. ^ Ehab El-agizy, (June 30 2009) Chatterbox Challenge 2009 Winners, chatbots.org
  52. ^ "Having the Right license is just as important as having a License". 28 June 2017.
  53. ^ Chamberlain, Bill (1984). The Policeman's Beard Is Half Constructed. UbuWeb, Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-38051-2. Retrieved 2009-07-02.
  54. ^ "ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com". Business Wire. 2002-07-15.
  55. ^ Tung, Liam (24 March 2016). "Microsoft's Tay AI chatbot goes offline after being taught to be a racist". ZDNet. The internet teaches Microsoft a lesson in the dangers of artificial intelligence and public interaction... Microsoft's millennial-talking AI chatbot, Tay.ai, has taken a break from Twitter after humans taught it to parrot a number of inflammatory and racist opinions... Microsoft had launched Tay on Wednesday, aiming it at people aged between 18 and 24 years in the US. But after 16 busy hours of talking on subjects ranging from Hitler to 9/11 conspiracies, Tay has gone quiet.
  56. ^ Reeve, Elspeth. "Tay Exposes the Fairy Tales We Tell Ourselves About Racists". The New Republic. Retrieved 11 July 2024. Tay lived for just 16 hours, until Microsoft "became aware of a coordinated effort by some users to abuse Tay's commenting skills" to make her a Nazi. The /pol/ boards on 4chan and 8chan—/pol/ stands for "politically incorrect"—are where that coordination took place.
  57. ^ Quittner, Joshua (1997-12-08). "WHAT'S HOT IN BOTS". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on April 28, 2007.
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