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List of left and far-left parties in Europe

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This is a list of European political parties that have been classified as centre-left or far-left on the political spectrum. The categorisation of some parties may vary in different sources.

Country Party Ideology
Croatia Workers' Front (RF)
Cyprus Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL)
Czech Republic Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM)
Czech Republic Social Democracy (SOCDEM)
Denmark Socialist People's Party (SF)
Denmark Red-Green Alliance (Enhl., Ø)
Estonia Estonian United Left Party (EÜVP)
Finland Left Alliance (VAS)
France French Communist Party (PCF)

Formerly:

France La France insoumise (FI)
France New Anticapitalist Party (NPA)
France Workers' Struggle (LO)
Germany The Left

Factions

Greece Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
Hungary Hungarian Workers' Party[citation needed]
Iceland Left-Green Movement (VG) [citation needed]
Ireland Sinn Féin (SF)
Ireland People Before Profit Alliance (PBP)
Ireland Solidarity
Italy Communist Refoundation Party (PRC)
Latvia Socialist Party of Latvia (LSP) [citation needed]
Netherlands Socialist Party (SP)
Netherlands GreenLeft (GL)
Norway Socialist Left Party (SV) [citation needed]
Portugal Left Bloc (BE)
Portugal Portuguese Communist Party (PCP)
Portugal Portuguese Workers' Communist Party (PCTP/MRPP)
Portugal Socialist Alternative Movement (MAS)
Scotland Scottish Socialist Party (SSP)
Slovakia Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS)
Slovakia Direction – Slovak Social Democracy
Slovenia The Left
Spain Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
Sweden Left Party (V)
Turkey Workers' Party of Turkey (TİP)
Ukraine Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU)
United Kingdom Labour Party (LAB)
United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales (GRN)
United Kingdom Communist Party of Britain (CPB)

See also

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Literature

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  • Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008). Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783525369128.
  • Daiber, Birgit; Hildebrandt, Cornelia; Striethorst, Anna (Eds.) (2012). From Revolution to Coalition – Radical Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation.
  • Dunphy, Richard (2004). Contesting capitalism? Left parties and European integration. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719068041.
  • Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate. ISBN 9780754678403.
  • March, Luke (2008). Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6.
  • March, Luke; Mudde, Cas (2005). "What's Left of the Radical Left? The European Radical Left After 1989: Decline and Mutation". Comparative European Politics. 3 (3). Palgrave Macmillan: 23–49. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110052. S2CID 55197396.

Notes

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  1. ^ The social-democratic nature of SMER is disputed.[61]

References

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  19. ^ Tugdual, Denis (5 April 2013). "Le Pen-Mélenchon: la mode est au langage populiste" [Le Pen-Mélenchon: populist language is in fashion]. L'Express (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018. [verification needed]
  20. ^ Cassely, Jean-Laurent (15 April 2013). "Le populisme "vintage" de Jean-Luc Mélenchon, trop élaboré pour être efficace" [Jean-Luc Mélenchon's "vintage" populism, too elaborate to be effective]. Slate (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  21. ^ a b Mestre, Abel (21 October 2017). "La tentation souverainiste de Jean-Luc Mélenchon" [The sovereignist temptation of Jean-Luc Mélenchon]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 2 March 2019. [verification needed]
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  23. ^ "Leur Europe n'est pas la nôtre !" [Their Europe is not ours!] (in French). NPA. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2017. [verification needed]
  24. ^ Cini, Michelle; Borragan, Nieves Perez-Solorzano, eds. (2013). "Glossary". European Union Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-19-969475-4. [verification needed]
  25. ^ Keating, Michael; McCrone, David, eds. (2013). The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0748665822. [verification needed]
  26. ^ Die Programmatik der LINKEN [verification needed]
  27. ^ Die Linke party wins German votes by standing out from crowd. The Guardian. Author - Kate Connolly. Published 17 September 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2017. [verification needed]
  28. ^ Antimilitarism: Political and Gender Dynamics of Peace Movements. p.130. Author - Cynthia Cockburn. Published by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in 2012. Retrieved via Google books on 14 February 2017. [verification needed]
  29. ^ https://www.thenation.com/article/meet-europes-left-nationalists/ [verification needed]
  30. ^ a b The Reykjavík Grapevine Election Guide 2013 Archived 14 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Reykjavík Grapevine, April 5, 2013 [verification needed]
  31. ^ "Iceland could be EU member by 2011". EUobserver. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2012. [verification needed]
  32. ^ Harry McGee (9 October 2015). "People Before Profit and the Anti Austerity Alliance - spot the difference". The Irish Times. Retrieved 16 April 2018. For anybody who has not been intimately involved with the Socialist Workers Party or the Socialist Party, you would need to have a PhD in semantics and rhetoric to winkle out the actual ideological difference between them. They are both Trotskyist and advocate permanent revolution and political agitation through working class mass action in capitalist societies such as Ireland. [verification needed]
  33. ^ "LEXIT: Why we need a left exit from EU". Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016. [verification needed]
  34. ^ Since 2018 Lega Nord has filed electoral lists as Lega, including its sister party Lega per Salvini Premier and former members of Us with Salvini. [verification needed]
  35. ^ Magone, José (3 July 2013). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 533. ISBN 978-1-136-93397-4.
  36. ^ "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.[permanent dead link‍] [verification needed]
  37. ^ Oudenampsen, Merijn (23 May 2013). Wodak, Ruth; KhosraviNik, Majid; Mral, Brigitte (eds.). Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism. A&C Black. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-78093-245-3. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  38. ^ Voerman, Paul; Lucardie (2007). "Sociaal-democratie nu definitief verdeeld: Met volwassen SP is het abonnement van de PvdA op de linkse stem verlopen" [Social democracy now definitively divided: With mature SP, the PvdA's subscription to the left-wing vote has expired] (PDF). NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch).
  39. ^ Watkins, Susan (May–June 2005). "Continental tremors". New Left Review. II (33). New Left Review. [verification needed]
  40. ^ Andeweg, R. B.; Irwin, Galen A. (2002). Governance and politics of the Netherlands. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 51. ISBN 0333961579.
  41. ^ Teffer, Pater (28 April 2014). "Dutch euroscepticism moves mainstream". EUobserver. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  42. ^ "Van poppodia naar de bedrijfskantine - Klaver wil van GroenLinks brede volkspartij maken" [From pop stages to the company canteen - Klaver wants to make GroenLinks a broad people's party] (in Dutch). 22 November 2017. [verification needed]
  43. ^ "De ideologische herprofilering van GroenLinks: na 28 jaar de gehoopte doorbraak?" [The ideological re-profiling of GroenLinks: the hoped-for breakthrough after 28 years?] (in Dutch). 8 December 2017. [verification needed]
  44. ^ "Stimulering duurzame energieproductie" [Stimulating sustainable energy production] (in Dutch). 4 July 2016. [verification needed]
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  48. ^ Wall, Derek (2010), The Rise of the Green Left: Inside the Worldwide Ecosocialist Movement, Pluto Press, p. 97 [verification needed]
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  52. ^ "Scotland Needs Socialism". Scottish Socialist Party. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2015. [verification needed]
  53. ^ a b "About Us". [verification needed]
  54. ^ "For A Modern Democratic Republic". [verification needed]
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  56. ^ "Program KSS". [verification needed]
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  58. ^ Učeň, Peter (14 February 2016). "Populizmus Smeru... má to ešte vôbec význam?" [The populism of the Direction... does it still matter at all?] (in Slovak).
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  60. ^ Kern, Miro (5 August 2015). "11 nesplnených alebo meškajúcich sľubov premiéra Fica" [11 unfulfilled or delayed promises of Prime Minister Fico] (in Slovak).
  61. ^ Almeida, Dimitri (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0.
  62. ^ Sekerák, Marián (October 2019). "Towards conservatism? Party politics in Slovakia at the end of the 2010s". European View. 18 (2): 233–241. doi:10.1177/1781685819883965.
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  64. ^ Payerhin, Marek, ed. (2017). Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2017-2018. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 391.
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  70. ^ Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. [verification needed]
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  76. ^ Griffiths, Robert (14 August 2015). "Against austerity, mobilise zany unite". www.communist-party.org.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2015. austerity has been about enlarging the private sector at the expense of the public one, cutting the level of real wages, reducing the levels of corporation tax on big business profits and increasing both the mass and rate of corporate profit. [verification needed]
  77. ^ Denny, Brian (14 August 2015). "Unions should take a lead in the EU referendum". www.communist-party.org.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2015. Vote against anti-social Europe, vote to get out [verification needed]
  78. ^ "Britain's Road to Socialism Introduction". communist-party.org.uk. Communist Party of Britain. 8 August 2008. socialism is the only alternative system of society that can meet the essential needs of the people and humanity [verification needed]
  79. ^ Sweeney, Steve (13 August 2015). "Morning Star at centre of struggle for worker freedom". communist-party.org.uk. Communist Party of Britain. Retrieved 10 September 2015. Trade union rights are human rights [verification needed]
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