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List of shipwrecks in December 1915

The list of shipwrecks in December 1915 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during December 1915.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

1 December

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List of shipwrecks: 1 December 1915
Ship State Description
Clan Macleod   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 100 nautical miles (190 km) east south east of Malta (35°39′N 16°43′E / 35.650°N 16.717°E / 35.650; 16.717) by SM U-33 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of twelve crew.[1][2]
HMS Comet   Royal Navy The gunboat was lost on this date.[3]

2 December

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List of shipwrecks: 2 December 1915
Ship State Description
Commodore   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 160 nautical miles (300 km) east south east of Malta by SM U-33 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of a crew member.[2][4]
Norrvik   Sweden World War I: The cargo ship, en route from Grimsby to Stockholm, struck a mine in the North Sea and sank immediately. Five casualties, but fourteen saved by the Norwegian steamer Ambra.[5]

3 December

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List of shipwrecks: 3 December 1915
Ship State Description
Dante   Italy World War I: The coaster was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Sollum, Egypt (32°20′N 26°19′E / 32.333°N 26.317°E / 32.333; 26.317) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[6]
HMT Etoile Polaire   Royal Navy World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the English Channel off the South Goodwin Lightship (  United Kingdom).[7] loss of 3 crew.
Yarhisar   Ottoman Navy World War I: The Samsun-class destroyer was torpedoed and sunk in the Gulf of İzmit by HMS E11 (  Royal Navy) with the loss of 42 of her 85 crew.[8] HMS E11 rescued 42 survivors.[9]
Zuaia   Italy The tanker was destroyed by fire at Popvile.[10]

4 December

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List of shipwrecks: 4 December 1915
Ship State Description
Childe Harold   United States The schooner went ashore on Hen and Chickens Reef, Nantucket Sound. Pulled off by United States Coast Guard cutters and returned to service.[11]
Intrepido   Regia Marina World War I: The Indomito-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Adriatic Sea off Vlorë, Albania.[12]
Re Umberto   Italy World War I: The passenger ship struck a mine laid by SM UC-14 (  Imperial German Navy) and sank in the Adriatic Sea off Cape Linguetta, Albania. 94 people died.[13][14]

5 December

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List of shipwrecks: 5 December 1915
Ship State Description
Fresnel   French Navy World War I: The Pluviôse-class submarine ran aground in the Adriatic Sea off Shëngjin, Albania. She subsequently was sunk by SMS Warasdiner (  Austro-Hungarian Navy) Her 28 crew were taken as prisoners of war.[15][16]
Helmsmuir   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 66 nautical miles (122 km) south by east of Gavdos, Greece by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][17]
Pietro Lofaro   Italy World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Sollum, Egypt (32°52′N 26°53′E / 32.867°N 26.883°E / 32.867; 26.883) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy).[18]

6 December

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List of shipwrecks: 6 December 1915
Ship State Description
L. G. Goulandris   Greece World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 150 nautical miles (280 km) north west of Alexandria, Egypt (32°15′N 27°25′E / 32.250°N 27.417°E / 32.250; 27.417) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[19]
William L. Elkins   United States The schooner was wrecked near Cape Cottage, Cape Elizabeth.[20]

7 December

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List of shipwrecks: 7 December 1915
Ship State Description
Umeta   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 112 nautical miles (207 km) east south east of Malta (35°28′N 16°56′E / 35.467°N 16.933°E / 35.467; 16.933) by SM U-33 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two crew.[2][21][22]
Veria   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 24 nautical miles (44 km) north west by north of Alexandria, Egypt (31°30′N 29°28′E / 31.500°N 29.467°E / 31.500; 29.467) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][23]

8 December

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List of shipwrecks: 8 December 1915
Ship State Description
Ignis   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 5.5 nautical miles (10.2 km) north east of Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Her crew survived.[24]

9 December

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List of shipwrecks: 9 December 1915
Ship State Description
Busiris   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 190 nautical miles (350 km) west north west of Alexandria, Egypt (32°50′N 26°20′E / 32.833°N 26.333°E / 32.833; 26.333) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][25]
Klara   Sweden The schooner suffered a damaged rudder in the North Sea and was abandoned at 56°23′N 3°34′E / 56.383°N 3.567°E / 56.383; 3.567). Her crew were rescued by Vesta (  Denmark).[26]
Orteric   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 140 nautical miles (260 km) south by east of Gavdos, Greece (32°02′N 25°03′E / 32.033°N 25.050°E / 32.033; 25.050) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two crew.[2][27]
Papagello   Albania World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Adriatic Sea (41°40′N 19°25′E / 41.667°N 19.417°E / 41.667; 19.417) by SM U-4 (  Austro-Hungarian Navy)[28]

10 December

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List of shipwrecks: 10 December 1915
Ship State Description
Ingstad   Norway World War I: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea four nautical miles (7.4 km) east of Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Her crew survived.[29]
Nereus   Norway World War I: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of a crew member.[30]
Porto Said   Italy World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 50 nautical miles (93 km) north east of Derna, Libya (32°38′N 23°35′E / 32.633°N 23.583°E / 32.633; 23.583) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[31]
Taşköprü   Ottoman Navy World War I: The gunboat was sunk off the coast of Kirpen Island by Russian destroyers.
Unknown barge   United States The barge, under tow of Cheektowaga (  United States), sank after loosing her tow line off Seaconnet, Rhode Island. Lost with all three hands.[32]
Yozgat   Ottoman Navy World War I: The Kastamonu-class gunboat was sunk off the Kirpen Islands by Russian destroyers.

11 December

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List of shipwrecks: 11 December 1915
Ship State Description
Pinegrove   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the English Channel 8 nautical miles (15 km) west of Cap Gris Nez, Pas-de-Calais, France with the loss of two of her crew.[33]
Rosmed   Sweden The cargo ship struck a rock and sank in the Norwegian Sea off Hindoen, Norway.[26]
St. Kilda   United Kingdom The cargo ship came ashore on Little Miquelon, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and was wrecked.[26]

12 December

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List of shipwrecks: 12 December 1915
Ship State Description
Cross Sand Lightship   United Kingdom The lightship was struck by Marga (  United Kingdom) and sank in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk.[34]
Reşit Paşa   Ottoman Navy World War I: The transport ship was sunk in the Sea of Marmara off Sylivra by a French Navy submarine.[35]
SMS V107   Imperial German Navy World War I: The V105-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea off Liepāja, Latvia with the loss of a crew member.[36]

13 December

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List of shipwrecks: 13 December 1915
Ship State Description
Lanao   United States The coaster was driven ashore on Marinduque Island, Philippines and was wrecked.[34]
Lavengro   Denmark The schooner was wrecked at St. John's, Newfoundland.[37]

14 December

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List of shipwrecks: 14 December 1915
Ship State Description
HMT Susanna   Royal Navy The naval trawler was lost on this date.[38]

15 December

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List of shipwrecks: 15 December 1915
Ship State Description
Lucy Neff   United States The steamer foundered 20 miles (32 km) east of Fenwick Island, Delaware after springing leaks in several days of rough weather. The vessel's crew was rescued by Chasehill (  United Kingdom).[39][40]

16 December

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List of shipwrecks: 16 December 1915
Ship State Description
Lemnos   United Kingdom The collier was lost on this date.[3]
Majestic   United Kingdom The cargo ship was destroyed by fire at Sarnia, Ontario, Canada.[41]
Nyroca   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off the Kentish Knock Lightship (  United Kingdom). Her crew were rescued by Pandion (  United Kingdom )and a Royal Navy torpedo boat.[41]

17 December

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List of shipwrecks: 17 December 1915
Ship State Description
SMS Bremen   Imperial German Navy World War I: The Bremen-class cruiser struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea off Ventspils, Lithuania.
Carolina   United States The barque sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean off Galveston, Texas and was abandoned by her crew.[41]
Marien   United Kingdom The coaster came ashore at Hartlepool, County Durham and was abandoned by her crew.[41] She broke in two on 24 December and was a total loss.[42]
SMS V191   Imperial German Navy World War I: The S138-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea.[36]

18 December

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List of shipwrecks: 18 December 1915
Ship State Description
Erzen   Albania World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Adriatic Sea (41°47′N 19°31′E / 41.783°N 19.517°E / 41.783; 19.517) by SM U-15 (  Austro-Hungarian Navy). Her crew survived.[43]
Figlio Preligiona   Albania World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Adriatic Sea (41°47′N 19°31′E / 41.783°N 19.517°E / 41.783; 19.517) by SM U-15 (  Austro-Hungarian Navy). Her crew survived.[44]
HMT Lottie Leask   Royal Navy World War I: The naval trawler was shelled and sunk in the Adriatic Sea off Sazan Island, Albania (40°35′N 18°45′E / 40.583°N 18.750°E / 40.583; 18.750) by SM U-39 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[45]
Nico   Norway World War I: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km) west of the Longsand Lightship (  United Kingdom) with the loss of two of her crew.[46]
Northmount   United Kingdom The cargo ship sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean and was abandoned by her crew.[42]

20 December

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List of shipwrecks: 20 December 1915
Ship State Description
Belford   United Kingdom World War I: The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel off Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France by SM UB-10 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][47]
Huntly   United Kingdom (  Red Cross): World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel off the Boulogne Lightship (  France) by SM UB-10 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two of her crew.[2][48]

21 December

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List of shipwrecks: 21 December 1915
Ship State Description
Henriette   Sweden The wooden barque departed West Hartlepool destined for Uddevalla, and the only trace of her is an empty lifeboat that was found near Aberdeen. Fifteen casualties.[49]
Huntley   United Kingdom World War I: The merchant ship was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine SM UB-10 (  Imperial German Navy) in the English Channel .75 miles (1.21 km) off the Boulogne light vessel.[50]
Knarsdale   United Kingdom World War I: The collier struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 2.75 nautical miles (5.09 km) east by south of Orfordness, Suffolk with the loss of a crew member.[3][51]
HMS Lady Ismay   Royal Navy World War I: The auxiliary minesweeper struck a mine and sank in the North Sea one nautical mile (1.9 km) north west of the Longsand Lightship (  United Kingdom) (51°48′N 1°39′E / 51.800°N 1.650°E / 51.800; 1.650) with the loss of eighteen of her crew.[52]
Yasaka Maru   Japan World War I: The passenger ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km) off Port Said, Egypt by SM U-38 (  Imperial German Navy).[53] Her crew and all 120 passengers were rescued by a French Navy gunboat.[54]

22 December

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List of shipwrecks: 22 December 1915
Ship State Description
Uddeholm   Sweden The iron steamer departed Gothenburg destined for Kristiansund, and has not been heard from since. Twelve casualties. Whether the disappearance was war-related (mine) or as a result of the big storm during Christmas, has not been possible to ascertain.[55]

23 December

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List of shipwrecks: 23 December 1915
Ship State Description
Carib   United States World War I: The cargo ship was sunk by a mine in the North Sea.[56][57]
Freya   Imperial German Navy The Vorpostenboot was lost on this date.
SMS S177   Imperial German Navy World War I: The S138-class torpedo boat struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea with the loss of seven of her crew.[36]
Skiblander   Norway The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked at Johnshaven, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom with the loss of one of her seven crew.[42]

24 December

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List of shipwrecks: 24 December 1915
Ship State Description
HMT Carilon   Royal Navy World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Margate, Kent. Her crew survived.[58]
Embla   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and was damaged in the Thames Estuary 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) east south east of the Tongue Lightship (  United Kingdom). She was beached but was declared a total loss. Her crew survived.[59]
Envermeu   United Kingdom The cargo ship ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued.[42]
Lady Iveagh   United Kingdom The collier was wrecked at St. Quentin Point, Somme, France.[3][60]
Moor   United Kingdom The cargo ship sank at Dundee, Perthshire.[42]
Ville de la Ciotat   France World War I: The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 105 nautical miles (194 km) south west of Cape Matapan, Greece (35°10′N 21°26′E / 35.167°N 21.433°E / 35.167; 21.433) by SM U-34 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 81 lives.[61] Survivors were rescued by Moroe (  United Kingdom).[62]
Yeddo   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 122 nautical miles (226 km) south west by south of Cape Matapan by SM U-34 (  Imperial German Navy).[2][63] Her crew were rescued by Natal (  Denmark).[64]

25 December

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List of shipwrecks: 25 December 1915
Ship State Description
Lovspring   Norway The barque was driven ashore and wrecked on the coast of Northumberland, United Kingdom.[42]
Nereus   Sweden The steamer, en route from Boston, Lincolnshire to Copenhagen, struck a mine in the North Sea at (53°39′N 1°17′E / 53.650°N 1.283°E / 53.650; 1.283)[65] and sank. Her crew were rescued.[64]
Van Stirum   United Kingdom World War I: The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 8 nautical miles (15 km) south south west of the Smalls Lighthouse (51°55′N 6°16′W / 51.917°N 6.267°W / 51.917; -6.267) by SM U-24 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two crew.[2][66]
Yrsa   Denmark The cargo ship ran aground in Aalebeks Bay. Her crew were rescued.[42]

26 December

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List of shipwrecks: 26 December 1915
Ship State Description
Cottingham   United Kingdom World War I: The coaster was shelled and sunk in the Bristol Channel 16 nautical miles (30 km) south west of Lundy Island, Devon by SM U-24 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of seven crew.[2][67]
HMS E6   Royal Navy World War I: The E-class submarine struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Harwich, Essex with the loss of 31 of her crew.[68]
Ministre Beernaert   Belgium World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bristol Channel 40 nautical miles (74 km) west by south of Lundy Island (50°50′N 5°33′W / 50.833°N 5.550°W / 50.833; -5.550) by SM U-24 (  Imperial German Navy).[69]
Minnie Slauson   United States The schooner sank off Auburn Light, New York.[70]
HMT Resono   Royal Navy World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) south east by east of the Sunk Lightship (  United Kingdom) with the loss of thirteen of her crew.[71]

27 December

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List of shipwrecks: 27 December 1915
Ship State Description
Clan Davidson   United Kingdom The cargo ship was driven ashore at Ballyquinton, County Down. She was refloated and beached in Belfast Lough.[72]
Elizabeth Jane   United Kingdom The schooner foundered in the Bristol Channel off The Mumbles, Glamorgan with the loss of all hands.[73]
Export   Sweden The cargo ship sprang a leak in the North Sea of the coast of the Netherlands and was abandoned. Her crew were rescued.[72]
HMT Ferndale   Royal Navy The naval trawler foundered in the Irish Sea off St. Ann's Head, Pembrokeshire with the loss of all hands.[74][75]
Hadley   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) south east of the Shipwash Lightship (  United Kingdom). Her crew survived.[76]
HMT Ladysmith   Royal Navy The naval trawler foundered in the Irish Sea off the coast of Wales.[75]
Lyra   Denmark The schooner was driven ashore at Lyngør, Aust-Agder, Norway and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued.[72]
Mary Jane   United Kingdom The schooner foundered in Swansea Bay with the loss of all hands.[77]
Thor   Denmark The galeass capsized in the Baltic Sea off Oxö, Sweden.[62][78]
HM Torpedo Boat 46   Royal Navy The TB26-class torpedo boat ran out of coal during a voyage from Port Said, Egypt, to Mudros and was wrecked while under tow in the Aegean Sea off Lemnos, Greece. She was salvaged and returned to service.[36][79][80]

28 December

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List of shipwrecks: 28 December 1915
Ship State Description
El Zorro   United Kingdom World War I: The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) south of the Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork by SM U-24 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two of her crew.[2][81]

29 December

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List of shipwrecks: 29 December 1915
Ship State Description
Abbie   United States The barge sank on Red Hook Flats, New York.[11]
Erin   Netherlands World War I: The trawler caught a mine in her nets and sank in the North Sea off IJmuiden, North Holland when it exploded. Three of her eleven crew were killed.[78]
Kenkoku Maru   Japan World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 75 nautical miles (139 km) south west of Crete, Greece (34°07′N 22°12′E / 34.117°N 22.200°E / 34.117; 22.200) by SM U-34 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[82]
SMS Lika   Austro-Hungarian Navy World War I: The Tatra-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Adriatic Sea off Durazzo, Albania.[83]
Monge   French Navy World War I: Battle of Durazzo: The Pluviose-class submarine was rammed and sunk in the Adriatic Sea off Kotor, Austria-Hungary, by one of six warships including SMS Helgoland and five Tatra-class destroyers (all   Austro-Hungarian Navy).[84][15][83]
Morning   United Kingdom The cargo ship was sunk on this date with the loss of all but two of her crew.[85]
SMS Triglav   Austro-Hungarian Navy World War I: The Tatra-class destroyer struck a mine and was damaged in the Adriatic Sea off Durazzo. SMS Csepel and SMS Tatra (both   Austro-Hungarian Navy) attempted to take her in tow but were unsuccessful. She was shelled and sunk by Casque (  French Navy) and five other French Navy ships.[83]

30 December

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List of shipwrecks: 30 December 1915
Ship State Description
Abelia   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 152 nautical miles (282 km) west of Gavdos, Greece (34°24′N 20°51′E / 34.400°N 20.850°E / 34.400; 20.850) by SM U-34 (  Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][86]
Clan Macfarlane   United Kingdom World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 66 nautical miles (122 km) south east of Cape Martello, Crete, Greece by SM U-38 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 52 crew.[2][87]
Ellewoutsdijk   Netherlands World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) off the Galloper Lightship (  United Kingdom) (51°42′N 1°57′E / 51.700°N 1.950°E / 51.700; 1.950).[88]
Glenariff   United Kingdom The cargo ship departed Newport, Monmouthshire for Belfast, County Antrim. No further trace, presumed foundered in the Irish Sea with the loss of all ten crew.[89]
HMS Natal   Royal Navy
 
HMS Natal

The Duke of Edinburgh-class cruiser was sunk in the Cromarty Firth by an internal explosion with the loss of at least 390 lives.

Nyack   United States The steamer burned to the waterline at dock at the Crosby Transportation Company, Muskegon, Michigan. Taken to Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin in 1917 and converted into a barge.[90][91]
Persia   United Kingdom World War I: The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Crete (34°08′N 26°19′E / 34.133°N 26.317°E / 34.133; 26.317) by SM U-38 (  Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 343 of the 519 people on board.

31 December

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List of shipwrecks: 31 December 1915
Ship State Description
Dana   Denmark The three-masted schooner was driven ashore at Craster, Northumberland, United Kingdom and was wrecked.[92]
HMT Responso   Royal Navy The naval trawler was lost on this date.[38]
Satrap   United Kingdom The collier foundered in the Irish Sea off Manorbier, Pembrokeshire with the loss of all eleven crew.[93]
HMT Speeton   Royal Navy World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Lowestoft, Suffolk (52°33′N 1°50′E / 52.550°N 1.833°E / 52.550; 1.833) with the loss of eleven of her crew.[94]
Tynemouth   United Kingdom The collier was lost in the Irish Sea on this date.[95]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1915
Ship State Description
Active   United Kingdom The whaler foundered off the Orkney Islands over the Christmas period with the loss of all twenty crew.[96]
Dora   United States The schooner barge either sunk south west of the Fenwick Island Lightship on 11 December, or went lost by stranding at Hyannis, Massachusetts on 13 December.[97][98]
Ella M. Doughty   United States The fishing schooner sailed from Gloucester, Massachusetts on 3 November to Little Bay Islands, Newfoundland on a fishing trip and vanished. Believed lost in a gale in November or on 5 December. Lost with all six hands.[99][100][101]
Orleanian   United States The steamer left New York City for Malta on 23 December 1915 or 1916, and probably sank in a storm on 26 December. Lost with all 36 hands.[102][103]
Thomas Winsmore   United States The schooner was abandoned during a storm off the coast of Florida.
Wood   United Kingdom The vessel was sunk as a blockship.[38]

References

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  1. ^ "Clan Macleod". Uboat.net. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "British Merchant Ships Lost to Enemy Action Part 1 of 3 - Years 1914, 1915, 1916 in date order". Naval History. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d "British Naval Vessels Lost at Sea Part 1 of 2 - Abadol (oiler) to Lynx (destroyer)". Naval History. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  4. ^ "Commodore". Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  5. ^ Swedish Board of Trade: ”Svenska handelsflottans krigsförluster 1914-1920” (Swedish Merchant Marine War losses 1914-1920), Stockholm 1921, p 211-12
  6. ^ "Dante". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  7. ^ "Etoile Polaire". Uboat.net. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  8. ^ "TURKISH or OTTOMAN NAVY". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  9. ^ "British submarine exploits". The Times. No. 41031. London. 7 December 1915. col D, p. 8.
  10. ^ "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 41030. London. 6 December 1915. col C, p. 15.
  11. ^ a b "Records of the T. A. Scott co". mysticseaport.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  12. ^ "Intrepido". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  13. ^ "Re Umberto". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  14. ^ "SS Re Umberto (+1915)". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  15. ^ a b "French Navy". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  16. ^ "a French submarine sunk". The Times. No. 41032. London. 8 December 1915. col C, p. 10.
  17. ^ "Helmsmuir". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  18. ^ "Pietro Lofaro". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  19. ^ "L. G. Goulandris". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  20. ^ "William L. Elkins (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  21. ^ "Umeta". Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  22. ^ "Previous war losses of the P. & O. Company". The Times. No. 41320. London. 9 November 1916. col D, p. 8.
  23. ^ "Veria". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  24. ^ "Ignis". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  25. ^ "Busiris". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  26. ^ a b c "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 41036. London. 13 December 1915. col E, p. 15.
  27. ^ "Orteric". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  28. ^ "Papagello". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  29. ^ "Ingstad". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  30. ^ "Nereus". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  31. ^ "Porto Said". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  32. ^ "Annual report of the Supervising Inspector-general Steamboat-inspection Service, Year ending June 30, 1916". Government Printing Office, Washington. Retrieved 30 January 2020 – via Haithi Trust.
  33. ^ "Pinegrove". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  34. ^ a b "Marine insurance market". The Times. No. 41037. London. 14 December 1915. col D, p. 12.
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