This is a list of shorthands, both modern and ancient. Currently, only one shorthand (Duployan) has been given an ISO code, in preparation for inclusion in the Unicode Standard, although the Tironian et has already been included in Unicode.
| Script name | ISO 15924 | Year created | Creator | Primary languages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviated Longhand[1] | 1908 | Angus Weaver | English | Short forms based around longhand writing. | |
| Abbreviatrix | 1945 | William Paul Mishkin | |||
| Aimé Paris Shorthand[2] | 1820 | Aimé Paris | French | ||
| Alpha Hand[3] | |||||
| AgiliWriting[4] | |||||
| Bezenšek Shorthand[5] | 1923 | Anton Bezenšek | Bulgarian | ||
| Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand[6] | 1903 | Robert Boyd | English | ||
| Brachygraphie (Folkingham)[7] | 1622 | William Folkingham | English | ||
| Brachygraphy (Bales)[8] | 1590 | Peter Bales | English | ||
| Brachygraphy (Dix)[9] | 1641 | Henry Dix | English | ||
| Brachygraphy (Shelton)[10] | 1672 | Samuel Shelton | English | Based on Thomas Shelton's Tachygraphy from whom he first learned shorthand. | |
| Burmese Shorthand | 1952 | Zwe Ohn Chein | Burmese | ||
| Burnz' Fonic Shorthand | 1896 | Eliza Boardman Burnz | English | ||
| Carissimi Shorthand[11] | 1940 | Juan Antonio Carissimi | Spanish | ||
| Caton Scientific Shorthand[12][13] | Thomas Jasper Caton | ||||
| Century 21 Shorthand[14] | |||||
| Characterie[15] | 1588 | Timothy Bright | English | ||
| Conen de Prépean Shorthand[16] | 1813 | Louis Félix Conen de Prépean | French | ||
| Coulon de Thévenot Shorthand[17] | 1776 | Jean Coulon de Thévenot | French | ||
| Current Shorthand[18] | 1892 | Henry Sweet | English | ||
| Cursive Shorthand[19] | 1889 | Hugh Longbourne Callendar | English | ||
| Dacomb Shorthand[20] | 1934 | Beatrice Eliza Dacomb | English | ||
| Dement's Aristography[21] | 1896 | Isaac Strange Dement | |||
| Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift[22] | 1924 | German | Used in Germany. | ||
| Duployé Shorthand[23] | Dupl 755 | 1868 | Émile Duployé | French, Romanian, English, Chinook Jargon | |
| Dutton Speedwords[24] | 1922 | Reginald J. G. Dutton | English, French, German, Latin | Intended as an International auxiliary language | |
| EasyScript Speed Writing[25] | |||||
| Eclectic Shorthand[26] | 1878 | J.G. Cross | English | ||
| Edmond Willis's Shorthand[27] | 1627 | Edmond Willis | English | ||
| Faulmann Shorthand[28] | 1875 | Carl Faulmann | German | ||
| Forkner shorthand[29] | 1952 | Hamden L. Forkner | English | ||
| Gabelsberger shorthand[30] | 1817 (approx.) | Franz Xaver Gabelsberger | German | ||
| Graham shorthand[31] | |||||
| Gregg Shorthand[32] | 1888 | John Robert Gregg | English, Esperanto, French, German, Italian, Mandarin Chinese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish | ||
| Gregg Computer Shorthand / Productivity Plus[33] |
|||||
| Groote[34] | 1899 | Arnold Willem Groote | Dutch | Used in the Netherlands | |
| Herout-Mikulík[35] | Alois Herout and Svojmír Mikulík | Czech | Used in the Czech parliament. | ||
| Hy-Speed Longhand[36] | 1932 | Andrew Graham Sexton and R. B. Sexton | English | ||
| Larralde Shorthand[37] | Gabriel Hilario Larralde | Spanish | Used in the Argentine congress. | ||
| Legible Shorthand[38] | 1882 | Edward Pocknell | English | ||
| Leite Alves Shorthand[39] | 1929 | Oscar Leite Alves | Portuguese | ||
| Lightning Legible Shorthand[40] | 1906 | David Rose Glass | English | ||
| Malone Shorthand[41] | |||||
| Maron Shorthand[39] | 1932 | Afonso Maron | Portuguese | ||
| Melin Shorthand[42] | 1880 | Olof Werling Melin | Swedish | Dominant Shorthand system in Sweden. | |
| Merrill Shorthand[43][44] | 1942 | Albert Merrill | English | Also called ABC shorthand. | |
| Michela Shorthand[45] | 1862 | Antonio Michela Zucco | Italian | Used in the Italian Senate and the Regional Council of Piedmont. | |
| Moat's Short-hand Standard[46] | 1833 | Thomas Moat | English | ||
| Munson Shorthand[47] | 1867 | James Eugene Munson | English | ||
| National Simplex Shorthand[48] | 1919 | Rev. Percival Hubert Chase | |||
| Natural Shorthand[49] | 1917 | August Mengelkamp | English | ||
| New Art of Real Shorthand[50] | 1919 | John Malham-Dembleby | |||
| New Rapid[51] | 1890 | C.E. McKee | |||
| Notescript[52] | 1964 | Laurence F. Hawkins | English | ||
| Paragon Shorthand[53] | 1895 | A. Lichtentag | |||
| Personal Shorthand[54] | Carl W. Salser, C. Theo Yerian and Mark R. Salser | English | Originally called "Briefhand." | ||
| Pitman Shorthand[55] | 1837 | Isaac Pitman | English | ||
| Polygraphy[56] | 1747 | Aulay Macaulay | English | ||
| Prévost-Delaunay Shorthand[57] | 1878 | Hippolyte Prévost and Albert Delaunay | French | ||
| Reformed Phonetic Short-Hand[58] | 1868 | Andrew J. Marsh | English | ||
| Scheithauer Shorthand | 1896 | Karl Friedrich Scheithauer | German | Used in Germany. | |
| Scheithauer/Steinmetz Shorthand[59] | 2020 | Markus Steinmetz | German | Used in Germany. | |
| Short-Writing [60] | 1690 | Theophilus Metcalfe | English | ||
| Simson Shorthand[61] | 1881 | James Simson | English | ||
| Speedwriting[62] | 1924 | Emma Dearborn | English | ||
| State Unified Stenography System (GESS)[63] | 1937 | Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov | Russian | Used in the Soviet Union; also adapted for English, French, and some of the languages of the Soviet Union. | |
| Stenographie[64] | 1618 | John Willis | English | ||
| Stenography Compleated[65] | 1727 | James Weston | English | ||
| Stenoscript | 1950 | Manuel C. Avancena | English | ||
| Stiefografie[66] | 1966 | Helmut Stief | German | Used in Germany. | |
| SuperWrite[67] | |||||
| Tachygraphy[68] | 1626 | Thomas Shelton | English, French, German | Originally called "Short-Writing." | |
| Taylor shorthand[69] | 1786 | Samuel Taylor | English | Also known as Universal Stenography | |
| Teeline Shorthand[70] | 1968 | James Hill | English | ||
| Thomas Natural Shorthand[71] | 1935 | Charles A. Thomas | English | ||
| Tironian notes[72] | 63 BC | Marcus Tullius Tiro | Latin | ||
| Typed Shorthand[73] | 1917 | William Baines | English | Also known as Baines' Typed Shorthand. | |
| Universal English Shorthand[74] | about 1740 | John Byrom | English | ||
| Wang-Krogdahl's system[75] | 1936 | Leif Wang and Olav Krogdahl | Norwegian | Used in the Norwegian parliament. | |
| Weston's Short-hand[76] | 1727 | James Weston | English | ||
| Zeiglographia | 1650 | Thomas Shelton | English | ||
| Phillips Code[77] | 1879 | Walter P. Phillips | English | Intended for English transmitted over Telegraph in Morse code. | |
| Evans Basic English Code[78] | 1947 | John Evans | English | Based on the earlier Phillips Code but for more general use. |
References
edit- ^ Weaver, Angus (1908). Abbreviated Shorthand. Internet Archive: Angus Weaver, Buffalo, New York.
- ^ Burckhardt, A. (1948), La Sténographie en une Heure par la Méthode Aimé-Paris modernisée (in French), Paris: Flammarion
- ^ Rosen, Steve; Palmer, Rose (1980), Alpha hand, Dictation Disc Co, OCLC 6862153
- ^ Gresham, Anne (2001), AgiliWriting : 21st century shorthand, AgiliTyping, ISBN 978-1-872968-02-5, OCLC 48487021
- ^ Bezenšek, Anton; Gabelsberger, Franz Xaver; International Association of Stenographers (1907), Stammbuch des Gabelsbergerschen Systems. Bezenšek, Übertragung auf die südslavischen Sprachen (in German), Wolfenbüttel, Heckner, OCLC 36477209
- ^ Boyd, Robert (1903), Boyd's syllabic shorthand : an instructor and dictionary : a system of shorthand in which characters represent syllables, W.T. Moon, OCLC 36932375
- ^ Folkingham, William (1622), Brachygraphie, Post-Writt. : Or, the Art of Short-writing Where most letters consist of single strokes or motions of the Pen, in best formes of Penship, London: Thomas Snodham
- ^ Bales, Peter (1590), The Writing Schoolemaster, London: Thomas Orwin
- ^ Dix, Henry (1641), The Art of Brachygraphy or Short-writing: by characters faire, short, swift, easie, and legible., London: Henry Dix
- ^ Henderson, Frances (2008). "'Swifte and Secrete Writing' in Seventeenth-Century England, and Samuel Shelton's Brachygraphy" (PDF). The British Library. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
- ^ Carissimi, Juan Antonio (1940), Taquigrafía Carissimi, Biblioteca Nacional (Uruguay)
- ^ Caton, Thomas Jasper (1918), Caton scientific shorthand, Minneapolis, Minn., The Scientific Pub. Co., OCLC 11954097
- ^ "Thomas Jasper Caton Scientific Shorthand 1915 edition". babel.hathitrust.org. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
- ^ Christensen, Edward L (1974), Century 21 shorthand, Cincinnati, South-western Pub. Co, ISBN 978-0-538-18100-6, OCLC 858136
- ^ Bright, Timothy (1588), Characterie : an arte of shorte, swifte, and secrete writing by character, London: I. Windet
- ^ Havette, René (1906). Bibliographie de la sténographie française (in French). Paris: Dorbon Ainé. pp. 31–32.
- ^ Metilli, Danielle. "French Tachygraphic Notes in a 1504 copy of Homer's Odyssey" (PDF). metilli.com. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ^ Sweet, Henry (1892), A manual of current shorthand orthographic and phonetic by Henry Sweet, Clarendon, OCLC 250138117
- ^ Callendar, Hugh (1889), A manual of cursive shorthand, C. J. Clay and Sons, OCLC 647172293
- ^ Joy, J.; Dacomb, B. E.; Dacomb, C. T. (1962), Dacomb, the Australian shorthand, Dacomb College, OCLC 220975936
- ^ Dement, Isaac Strange (1906). Aristography (2nd ed.). Dement Publishing Company.
A system of shorthand writing combining the principles of straight joinable and insertable vowel strokes and curved consanant strokes, both being subject to similar rules of hooks and length
- ^ Czerny, Karl (1925), Umlernbuch auf die deutsche Einheitskurzschrift : Für Gabelsbergersche Stenographen (in German), Eigenverl, OCLC 72106122
- ^ Perrault, Denis R; Duploye, Emile; Gueguen, Jean Pierre; Pilling, James Constantine, La sténographie Duployé adaptée aux langues des sauvages de la Baie d'Hudson, des Postes Moose Factory, de New Post, d'Albany, de Waswanipi & de Mékiskan, Amérique du Nord / [between 1889 and 1895] (in French), OCLC 35787900
- ^ Dutton Speedwords dictionary: English-Speedwords and Speedwords-English, Dutton Publications, 1943, OCLC 36561079
- ^ Levin, Linda (1985), Easy Script simplified, Write Protect Pub, OCLC 17474827
- ^ Cross, J G (1879), Cross's eclectic short-hand: a new system, adapted both to general use and to verbatim reporting, Chicago, S.C. Griggs and Co. [1878], OCLC 2510784
- ^ Willis, Edmond (1627), An Abbreviation of Writing by Character, London: George Puslowe
- ^ Johnen, Christian (1904), Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 48, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 500–504
- ^ Forkner, Hamden Landon (1955), Forkner alphabet shorthand; the only system of shorthand that combinesthe best features of symbols systems with easily written longhand letters, New York, Forkner Pub. Co, OCLC 58756777
- ^ Geiger, Alfred (1860), Stenography, or, Universal European shorthand on Gabelsberger's principles : as already introduced in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Russia, Greece, Italy &c, Dresden, OCLC 41010411
- ^ Jackson, James O. (1974-01-21). "Presidential papers snarl began in 1797". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois.
Even so,scholars were troubled by some of the [President Woodrow] Wilson documents because of his habit of writing in Graham shorthand, an extinct system so little known as to be hieroglyphic today. Scholars examing Wilson papers in 1959 employed an 84-year-old man to decipher some of Wilson's notes. The old man was one of the few living persons who were familiar with the obsolete Graham system.
- ^ Gregg, John Robert; Power, Pearl A (1901), Gregg shorthand dictionary, Gregg Pub. Co, OCLC 23108068
- ^ Gregg computer shorthand for nonshorthand writers, New York: Gregg Division/McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1987, ISBN 978-0-07-022525-1, OCLC 17358410
- ^ Groote, A W (1899), Stenografie voor iedereen; een alfabetisch kortschrift (in Dutch), Amsterdam, S.L. van Looy, OCLC 38743867
- ^ Mistrík, Jozef (1961), Stenografia : systém Herout-Mikulík : učebnica pre ekonomické školy a pre kurzy. 2 (in Czech), Bratislava, OCLC 320136077
- ^ Sexton, Andrew Graham (1932). Hy-Speed Longhand. Trenton, New Jersey: Hy-Speed Longhand Publishing Company.
- ^ "16 de Diciembre de 1824: Primer versión taquigráfica en Argentina". chacoenlineainforma.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
- ^ Pocknell, Edward (1882). "Pocknell's Legible Shorthand". Google Books. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
- ^ a b "Veja técnicas de taquigrafia para melhorar suas anotações". grupopreve.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-05-11.
- ^ Glass, David Rose] [from old catalog (1909). The lightning legible shorthand. The Library of Congress. San Bernardino, Cal., The Glass publishing company.
- ^ Script phonography, 4th edition, Script Phonography Co., Limited, 1888, OCLC 493051954
- ^ Kökeritz, Helge (1929), Stenografi; Melins system (in Swedish), Hermods korrespondensinstitut, OCLC 19770187
- ^ Principles of ABC shorthand, Landmark edition ; series II, Bobbs-Merrill, 1975, ISBN 978-0-672-26132-9, OCLC 16458026
- ^ Merrill, Albert H (1929), Merrill's business shorthand copyrighted, Los Angeles, A.H. Merrill, OCLC 28009717
- ^ "Il Sistema Michela in Senato e a Torino". cr.piemonte.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-05-14.
- ^ Moat, Thomas (1833), The Short-Hand Standard : attempted by an analysis of the Circle as an introductory foundation of a New System of Stenography, which demonstratively proves that a Speaker can be followed with one third less inflections of the Pen, and consequently in one third less time than by any other system extant., London: T. Tegg and Sons
- ^ Munson, James Eugene (1880), Munson's system of phonography. The phrase-book of practical phonography, containing a list of useful phrases, printed in phonographic outlines; a complete and thorough treatise on the art of phraseography ... etc, New York, J.E. Munson, OCLC 51625624
- ^ Chase, Percival Herbert (1919), The national simplex shorthand, Lincoln, Eng., Lincolnshire Chronicle, OCLC 45029671
- ^ Mengelkamp, August (1917), The Manual of Natural Shorthand Designed for Class or Self-Instruction - Fifth Improved Edition, Remsen, Iowa, USA, OCLC 262463989
- ^ Malham-Dembleby, John (1919), New art of real shorthand, Eccleshill, Bradford, Eng, OCLC 7807489
- ^ McKee, C E (1890), New rapid phonography : a complete connective-vowel system of short-hand, McKee Pub. House, OCLC 31366224
- ^ Hawkins, Laurence F (1964), Notescript : a system of alphabetical shorthand especially designed for students, teachers, writers, and other notetakers, New York: Barnes & Noble
- ^ Lichtentag, A (1895), Lichtentag's paragon shorthand, Lichtentag, OCLC 1968213
- ^ Salser, Carl Walter; Yerian, C Theo (1968), Personal shorthand, National Book Co, OCLC 11720787
- ^ Pitman, Isaac (1937), Pitman shorthand, Toronto, OCLC 35119343
- ^ Macaulay, Aulay (1747), Polygraphy: or, Shorthand made easy to the meanest capacity (2 ed.), Printed for the author
- ^ Delaunay, Albert (1878), Cours de sténographie (Méthode Prévost-Delaunay), Picard
- ^ Marsh, Andrew J; Twain, Mark (1868), Marsh's manual of reformed phonetic short-hand: being a complete guide to the best system of phonography and verbatim reporting, San Francisco, H. H. Bancroft & Company, OCLC 6193473
- ^ Scheithauer, Markus (2020), Schreib Steno! System Scheithauer/Steinmetz (in German), Köln 2022, 2nd edition, ISBN 978-3-00-062289-2
- ^ Metcalfe, Theophilus (1690), Short-Writing: The most easie, exact, lineal, and speedy method that hath ever been obtained, or taught., London: J. Hancock
- ^ Simson, James (1881), Compend of syllabic shorthand: being a synopsis of the system, Ayr, Shorthand Institute, OCLC 45009130
- ^ Dearborn, Emma B (1927), Speedwriting, the natural shorthand, Brief English systems, inc., OCLC 4791648
- ^ "СТЕНОГРАФИЯ И ЕЕ РЫЦАРЬ". Nauka i Zhizn (in Russian). Moscow. 2009. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
- ^ Willis, John (1618), The Art of Stenographie : or, short writing, London: Robert Willis
- ^ Weston, James, Stenograpy Compleated, Or the Art of Short-hand Brought to Perfection, London 1727, 1st edition
- ^ Gunkel, Horst (1977), Stiefografie. Anleitung zum Selbststudium (in German), Verlag der Vereinigung Rationelle Stenografie Hanau, ISBN 3-921697-60-3
- ^ Lemaster, A James; Hankin, Ellen G (1990), SuperWrite : alphabetic writing system. Brief course, South-Western Pub. Co, ISBN 978-0-538-60527-4, OCLC 22975956
- ^ Shelton, Thomas (1710). "Tachygraphy". Internet Archive. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
- ^ Taylor, Samuel (1786), An essay intended to establish a standard for an universal system of stenography, London, Printed for the author, hdl:2027/mdp.39015077876194, OCLC 13966685
- ^ Hill, James (1968), Teeline: a method of fast writing, London, Heinemann Educational, OCLC 112342
- ^ Thomas, Charles A (1937), Thomas natural shorthand; a modern, progressive system of shorthand based on natural, already familiar writing lines, New York, Prentice-Hall, inc, OCLC 18220117
- ^ Mitzschke, Paul Gottfried; Lipsius, Justus; Heffley, Norman P (1882), Biography of the father of stenography, Marcus Tullius Tiro. Together with the Latin letter, "De notis," concerning the origin of shorthand, Brooklyn, N.Y, OCLC 11943552
- ^ Baines, William (1917). Typed Shorthand. Cooperstown, New York: Arthur H. Christ Co.
- ^ "Ward's book of days: February 29th". wardsbookofdays.com. Retrieved 2015-10-07.
- ^ Wang, Leif; Flagstad, Michael; Krogdahl, Olav (1947), Stenografi, Norsk korrespondenceskole
- ^ Weston, James (1727), Stenography Compleated : or the art of Short-hand brought to perfection..., London: Printed by the author
- ^ Phillips, Walter (1879). The Phillips Telegraphic Code for the Rapid Transmission by Telegraph. Washington, D.C.: Gibson Brothers, Printers.
- ^ Evans, John (1947). The Evans Basic English Code (PDF). Chicago, IL: John & Clarence Evans.