List of state leaders in the 6th century BC

#	Name	Period	Era	House	Reign		Duration
#	Name	Period	Era	House	From	To	(years, months, days)
1	Vijaya	Pre Anuradhapura	Tambapanni (complete list)	Vijaya	543 BC	505 BC	38 Years
-	Upatissa				505 BC	504 BC	1 Year
2	Panduvasdeva				504 BC	474 BC	30 Years

Asia: West

Neo-Babylonian Empire: Dynasty XI (complete list) –

Nebuchadnezzar II, King (c.605–562 BC)
Amel-Marduk, King (c.562–560 BC)
Neriglissar, King (c.560–556 BC)
Labashi-Marduk, King (c.556 BC)
Nabonidus, King (c.556–539 BC)

Elam: Humban-Tahrid dynasty (complete list) –

Humban-Tahrah II, King (7th/6th century)
Hallutash-Inshushinak, King (7th/6th century)
Ummanunu I, King (first quarter of 6th century BC)
Shilhak-Inshushinak II, King (first quarter of 6th century BC)
Temti-Humban-Inshushinak II, King (pre-550 BC–?)
Halkatash, King (?–c.549/8 BC)
Açina, King (?–522 BC)
Ummanunu II or Humban-Nikash IV (Ummaniš), King (522–521 BC)
Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak, King (?–520/19 BC)

Kingdom of Judah (complete list) –

Chronologies as established by Albright

Jehoiakim, King (609–598 BC)
Jeconiah, King (598 BC)
Zedekiah, King (597–587 BC)

Lydia (complete list) –

Sadyattes, King (629–617 BC or c.625–c.600 BC)
Alyattes, King (617–560 BC or c.600–560 BC)
Croesus, King (560–546 BC or 560–547 BC)

Median Empire (complete list) –

Cyaxares, King (625–585 BC)
Astyages, King (585–550 BC)

Anshan (complete list) –

Cyrus I, King (640–580 BC)
Cambyses I, King (580–559 BC)
Cyrus the Great, II

King of Anshan (559–530 BC)
King of Persia (?–530 BC)

First Persian Empire: Achaemenid Empire(complete list) –

Cyrus the Great, II, King of Anshan (559–530 BC), King of Kings (?–530 BC)
Cambyses II, King of Kings (530–522 BC)
Smerdis, King of Kings (522 BC)
Gaumata, false Smerdis, usurper King (522 BC)
Darius I, King of Kings (522–486 BC)

Urartu (complete list) –

Rusa III, King (629–590/615 BC)
Sarduri IV, King (615–595 BC)
Rusa IV, King (595–585 BC)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Athens (complete list) –

Critias, Archon (600–599 BC)
Cypselus, Archon (597–596 BC)^[1]
Telecles, Archon (596–595 BC)^[1]
Philombrotus, Archon (595–594 BC)^[1]
Solon, Archon (594–593 BC)
Dropides, Archon (593–592 BC)
Eucrates, Archon (592–591 BC)
Simon, Archon (591–590 BC)
Phormion, Archon (589–588 BC)
Philippus, Archon (588–587 BC)
Damasias, Archon (582–581 BC)
Damasias, Archon (581–580 BC)
Archestratidas, Archon (577–576 BC)

Aristomenes, Archon (570–569 BC)
Hippocleides, Archon (566–565 BC)
Komeas, Archon (561–560 BC)
Hegestratus, Archon (560–559 BC)
Hegesias, Archon (556–555 BC)
Euthidemus, Archon (555–554 BC)
Erxicleides, Archon (548–547 BC)
Thespius, Archon (547–546 BC)^[1]
Phormion, Archon (546–545 BC)^[1]
Thericles, Archon (533–532 BC)
Philoneus, Archon (528–527 BC)
Onetor, Archon (527–526 BC)^[2]
Hippias, Archon (526–525 BC)

Cleisthenes, Archon (525–524 BC)^[3]
Miltiades, Archon (524–523 BC)
Calliades, Archon (523–522 BC)
Pisistratus, Archon (522–521 BC)
Hebron (?), Archon (518–517 BC)^[4]
Harpactides, Archon (511–510 BC)
Scamandrius, Archon (510–509 BC)
Lysagoras, Archon (509–508 BC)
Isagoras, Archon (508–507 BC)
Alcmeon, Archon (507–506 BC)
Acestorides, Archon (504–503 BC)
Hermocreon, Archon (501–500 BC)

Corinth –

Periander, Tyrant (c.627–c.587 BC)
Psammetichus, Tyrant (c.587 BC–?)

Macedonia: Argead dynasty (complete list) –

Aeropus I, King (602–576 BC)
Alcetas I, King (576–547 BC)
Amyntas I, King (547–498 BC)

Sparta (complete list) –

Ariston, King (c.550–515 BC)
Demaratus, King (c.515–491 BC)

Europe: South

Roman Kingdom (complete list) –

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, King (616–579 BC)
Servius Tullius, King (578–535 BC)
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, King (535–510/509 BC)

Roman Republic (complete list) –

509

L. Iunius Brutus, Consul
L. Tarquinius Collatinus, Consul
Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Consul suffectus
P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul suffectus
M. Horatius Pulvillus, Consul suffectus

508

P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul
T. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Consul

507

P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul
M. Horatius Pulvillus, Consul

506

Sp. Larcius Rufus (or Flavus), Consul
T. Herminius Aquilinus,^[5] Consul

505

M. Valerius Volusus, Consul
P. Postumius Tubertus, Consul

504

P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul
T. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Consul

503

Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, Consul
P. Postumius Tubertus, Consul

502

Opet. Verginius Tricostus, Consul
Sp. Cassius Vecellinus, Consul

501

Post. Cominius Auruncus, Consul
T. Lartius Flavus (or Rufus), Consul

Eurasia: Caucasus

Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –

Orontes I Sakavakyats, King (570–560 BC)
Tigranes Orontid, King (560–535 BC)
Vahagn Orontid, King (6th century BC)
Hidarnes I, King (late 6th century BC)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Per one surviving fragment of the Athenian Archon list. Donald W. Bradeen, "The Fifth-Century Archon List", Hesperia, 32 (1963), pp. 187–208
^ So Cadoux and Alan Samuel; Benjamin D. Merrit notes the name could be read "Onetorides". (Merrit, "Greek inscriptions, 14-27", Hesperia, 8 (1939), p 60)
^ This identification has been questioned by Matthew P. J. Dillon, "Was Kleisthenes of Pleisthenes Archon at Athens in 525 BC?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 155 (2006), pp. 91–107
^ Alan Samuel is doubtful this archon existed, claiming this is based on Eustathius' misunderstanding his source, which provides the date Pindar died, not when he was born. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 204
^ So Dionysius of Halicarnassus (V.36.1) and others. Livy II.15.1, however, names another pair: P. Lucretius and P. Valerius Poplicola. Alan Samuel explains this difference as Lucretius being an error for Larcius, due to confusion with Poplicola's colleague in 508 and 504 BC. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 256)

[Bradeen-1962-1] Per one surviving fragment of the Athenian Archon list. Donald W. Bradeen, "The Fifth-Century Archon List", Hesperia, 32 (1963), pp. 187–208

[2] So Cadoux and Alan Samuel; Benjamin D. Merrit notes the name could be read "Onetorides". (Merrit, "Greek inscriptions, 14-27", Hesperia, 8 (1939), p 60)

[3] This identification has been questioned by Matthew P. J. Dillon, "Was Kleisthenes of Pleisthenes Archon at Athens in 525 BC?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 155 (2006), pp. 91–107

[4] Alan Samuel is doubtful this archon existed, claiming this is based on Eustathius' misunderstanding his source, which provides the date Pindar died, not when he was born. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 204

[5] So Dionysius of Halicarnassus (V.36.1) and others. Livy II.15.1, however, names another pair: P. Lucretius and P. Valerius Poplicola. Alan Samuel explains this difference as Lucretius being an error for Larcius, due to confusion with Poplicola's colleague in 508 and 504 BC. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 256)

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