The Metropolitan Tabernacle is a large independent Reformed Baptist church in the Elephant and Castle in London. It was the largest non-conformist church of its day in 1861.[1] The Tabernacle fellowship has been worshipping together since 1650. Its first pastor was William Rider; other notable pastors and preachers include Benjamin Keach, John Gill, John Rippon and C. H. Spurgeon. The present pastor is Peter Masters.[2][3][4]
| Metropolitan Tabernacle | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Location | Elephant and Castle, London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Independent Reformed Baptist |
| Website | metropolitantabernacle |
| History | |
| Founded | 1650 |
| Founder(s) | William Rider |
| Clergy | |
| Pastor(s) | Peter Masters, assistant pastor Ibrahim Ag Mohamed |
History
editThe Tabernacle fellowship dates back to 1650, when the English Parliament banned independent Christian organisations from meeting together. This congregation braved persecution until 1688, when the Baptists were once again allowed to worship in freedom. At this point, the group built their first chapel, in Horsleydown, Southwark, an area of London immediately south of the present-day Tower Bridge.[5][6]
In 1720, John Gill became pastor and served for 51 years. In 1771, John Rippon became pastor and served for 63 years. During these times, the church experienced growth and became one of the largest congregations in the country. Afterwards decline set in and by 1850 the congregation was small.[7]
In 1854, Charles Haddon Spurgeon started serving at the Tabernacle at the age of 20. The church at the beginning of Spurgeon's pastorate was situated at New Park Street Chapel, but this soon became so full that services had to be held in hired halls such as the Surrey Gardens Music Hall.[7]
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During Spurgeon's ministry, it was decided that the church should move permanently to larger premises. The location chosen was at Elephant and Castle, a prominent position near the River Thames in South London, partly because it was thought to be the site of the burning of the Southwark Martyrs. The building, with a 6,000-seat auditorium, designed by William Willmer Pocock, was finished in 1861 and dedicated on 18 March.[8] In 1881, the church had 5,500 members.[9]
Spurgeon also founded a college for preachers and church workers (now Spurgeon's College), and orphanages for girls and boys, and wrote many Christian books which are still in print today.[10]
In 1887, the church left the Baptist Union because of the widening influence of theological liberalism within the union. Spurgeon was adamant that the church would not "downgrade" the faith as he believed other baptist churches were doing.[11]
At the end of 1891, membership was given as 5,311. Spurgeon served for 38 years and died in 1892.[2]
The original building was burned down in 1898, leaving just the front portico and basement intact, before the rebuilt church was destroyed again in 1941 during the German bombing of London in World War II. Once again, the portico and basement survived and in 1957 the Tabernacle was rebuilt to a new but much smaller design incorporating surviving original features.[5]
The war led to the Tabernacle fellowship being greatly diminished as few members of the old congregation were able to return to heavily blitzed central London. It rejoined the Baptist Union in 1955. By 1970 the congregation had fallen to the point where it occupied only a few pews. It left the Baptist Union again on 22 February 1971, just after Peter Masters became the pastor, over the same issues as under Spurgeon in 1887.[12] Numbers greatly increased and this gave rise to the full church and galleries of today, together with numerous professions of faith. It hosts an annual school of theology, runs a part-time seminary for pastors, has five Sunday schools,[13] and provides free video and audio downloads, along with live-streaming of services.[14] By 2009 The Guardian reported that Metropolitan Tabernacle attracted up to 500 people in its main service.[15]
Church basic policies
editThe Metropolitan Tabernacle is an independent reformed Baptist church. The following seven points show the key biblical policies followed, laid down by forebears, such as C. H. Spurgeon.[2][3][4]
- Doctrines of grace, commonly called 'Calvinistic'.
- Free offer of the Gospel
- Traditional worship
- Working church
- Biblical separation
- The prayer meeting
- Wider ministries.[16]
Pastors
edit- William Rider, c. 1653–c. 65 (12 years)
- Benjamin Keach, 1668–1704 (36 years)
- Benjamin Stinton, 1704–18 (14 years)
- John Gill, 1720–71 (51 years)
- John Rippon, 1773–1836 (63 years)
- Joseph Angus, 1837–39 (2 years)
- James Smith,[17] 1841–50 (8 ½ years)
- William Walters, 1851–53 (2 years)
- Charles Spurgeon, 1854–92 (38 years)
- Arthur Tappan Pierson, 1891–93 (pulpit supply only, not installed as a Pastor – 2 years)
- Thomas Spurgeon, 1893–1908 (15 years)
- Archibald G. Brown, 1908–11 (3 years)
- Amzi Dixon, 1911–19 (8 years)
- Harry Tydeman Chilvers,[18] 1919–35 (15 ½ years)
- W Graham Scroggie, 1938–43 (5 years)
- W G Channon, 1944–49 (5 years)
- Gerald B Griffiths, 1951–54 (3 years)
- Eric W Hayden,[19] 1956–62 (6 years)
- Dennis Pascoe, 1963–69 (6 years)
- Peter Masters,[20] 1970–present.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Austin 2007, p. 86.
- ^ a b c d Dallimore, Arnold (1985). Spurgeon: A New Biography. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth. ISBN 978-0-85151451-2.
- ^ a b Sheehan, Robert (June 1985), Spurgeon and the Modern Church, Phillipsburg NJ: Presbyterian & Reformed Pub Co, ISBN 9780946462056
- ^ a b Nettles, Tom (21 July 2013). Living By Revealed Truth The Life and Pastoral Theology of Charles Haddon Spurgeon. Ross-shire: Christian Focus Publishing. p. 700. ISBN 9781781911228.
- ^ a b "Brief History". Metropolitan Tabernacle. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "Bermondsey: Tooley Street | British History Online".
- ^ a b Spurgeon, Charles; Spurgeon, Susannah (compiler); Harrald, Joseph (compiler) (1962). C. H. Spurgeon Autobiography: The Early Years, 1834–1859. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth. ISBN 978-0-85151076-7.
- ^ Stephen J. Hunt, Handbook of Megachurches, Brill, Leiden, 2019, p. 50
- ^ William Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopedia, Volume 3, The Baptist Standard Bearer, USA, 2001, p. 1095
- ^ "Spurgeon". Books. Tabernacle Bookshop. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ Poole-Connor, E.J. (1966). Evangelicalism in England. Worthing: Henry E Walter. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-85479191-0.
- ^ Masters, Peter (December 2009) [1971], "The doctrine of Biblical separation", The Sword & Trowel, Metropolitan Tabernacle.
- ^ "Sunday School". Metropolitan Tabernacle. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ "Metropolitan Tabernacle". Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ Shariatmadari, David (11 December 2009). "Tabernacle of sin". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ Church policy (official site), London: Metropolitan Tabernacle.
- ^ Smith, James, OCLC.
- ^ Chilvers, Harry Tydeman, OCLC.
- ^ Hayden, Eric W, OCLC.
- ^ Masters, Peter, OCLC.
Bibliography
edit- Austin, Alvyn (2007), China's Millions: The China Inland Mission and Late Qing Society, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2975-7.