Baptisia bracteata, otherwise known as longbract wild indigo,[1] long-bract wild indigo, long-bracted wild indigo, plains wild indigo,[2] cream false indigo,[3] or cream wild indigo,[4] is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Fabaceae (bean) family that is native to the central and eastern United States. It is one of the earliest blooming species of Baptisia, beginning to bloom in March in certain areas of the United States.[3] The flower clusters (racemes) spread out sideways or sprawl across the ground, unlike most other Baptisia species, which have vertical racemes.
| Baptisia bracteata | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Baptisia |
| Species: | B. bracteata
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| Binomial name | |
| Baptisia bracteata Elliot
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Description
editBaptisia bracteata grows as one or more stems from its root system, up to 46 cm (1.5 ft) tall. It is a bushy plant with stems that branch occasionally, and it can be up to 91 cm (3 ft) wide. The stems are round and light green to purple. Leaves are arranged alternately along the stem and are divided into 3 leaflets, which are 3–8 cm (1–3 in) long and 1–3 cm (0.5–1 in) across. They have smooth margins and are usually oblanceolate in shape.[5]
The inflorescence is a long raceme, 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long, drooping below the foliage due to its weight. Each raceme has few to many pea-type flowers and leaflike, lanceolate bracts, 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long. The bloom color ranges from white to creamy yellow.[6] After blooming, oval to cylindrical seed pods that are 3–5 cm (1–2 in) are formed.[2]
Etymology
editThe genus name Baptisia comes from the Greek word meaning "to dye". The specific epithet bracteata is from a Latin word meaning "having bracts".[7]
Distribution and habitat
editB. bracteata is native in the United States from Minnesota to the north, Texas to the west and south, and North Carolina to the east.[1] It can be found in prairies, rocky woods, fields, and along streams.[7]
Ecology
editThe flowers bloom April to June and are pollinated by bumblebees, which are active making their nests at this time.[8] The caterpillars of several skippers eat the leaves, including the wild indigo duskywing and hoary edge.[9] The plant is poisonous to mammalian herbivores.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b "Baptisia bracteata". USDA Plants. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Baptisia bracteata (Plains Wild Indigo): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
- ^ a b "Baptisia (False or Wild Indigo)". Clemson University, Cooperative Extension. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
- ^ a b Hilty, John (2016). "Cream Wild Indigo (Baptisia bracteata)". Illinois Wildflowers.
- ^ "Baptisia bracteata". Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ^ a b Denison, Edgar (2017). Missouri Wildflowers (Sixth ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-887247-59-7.
- ^ "Baptisia bracteata page". www.missouriplants.com.
- ^ Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2023). "HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk. doi:10.5519/havt50xw.