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Longview, Texas

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Longview is a city in, and county seat of, Gregg County, Texas, United States. Longview is located in East Texas, where Interstate 20 and U.S. highways 80 and 259 converge just north of the Sabine River. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the city had a population of 81,638.[7] Longview is the principal city of the Longview metropolitan statistical area, comprising Gregg, Upshur, and Rusk counties. The population of the metropolitan area as of 2021 census estimates was 287,858.[8]

Longview
City
Downtown Longview
Downtown Longview
Nickname: 
Balloon Race Capital of Texas
Motto: 
Real East Texas
Location of Longview in Gregg and Harrison Counties in the U.S. state of Texas
Location of Longview in Gregg and Harrison Counties in the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the U.S.
Map of the U.S.
Longview
Location of Longview in the contiguous United States
Map of the U.S.
Map of the U.S.
Longview
Longview (the United States)
Coordinates: 32°30′33″N 94°45′14″W / 32.50917°N 94.75389°W / 32.50917; -94.75389
CountryUnited States
StateTexas
CountiesGregg, Harrison
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager
Area
[1]
 • City55.93 sq mi (144.85 km2)
 • Land55.83 sq mi (144.59 km2)
 • Water0.10 sq mi (0.26 km2)
Elevation
[3]
289 ft (88 m)
Population
 (2020)[4]
 • City81,683
 • Density1,500/sq mi (560/km2)
 • Metro
217,481[2]
GDP
[5]
 • Metro$20.259 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
75601–75606
Area code(s)903 and 430
FIPS code48-43888[6]
GNIS feature ID2410870[3]
Websitewww.longviewtexas.gov

Longview was established in 1870 in what was at the time southern Upshur County; the town incorporated in 1871. After Gregg County was created in 1873, Longview was voted the county seat. Today, Longview is considered a major hub city for the region, as is the nearby city of Tyler. Companies with significant presence in Longview include Eastman Chemical, Trinity Rail Group, AAON Coil Products, and Komatsu Mining, Dollar General and Old Navy/GAP. Colleges and universities in the area include LeTourneau University, Kilgore College, and the University of Texas at Tyler's Longview University Center.

History

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The modern-day city of Longview was founded in 1869.[9] In 1870, O.H. Methvin, Sr. sold 100 acres (40 ha) to the Southern Pacific Railroad for one dollar to persuade them to build their line in the direction of land he owned. Later that year, he sold another 100 acres (40 ha) for $500 in gold. He hoped the coming of the railroad would increase the value of the rest of his land.

Two railroad surveyors coined the name of the town when they stated, "What a long view!" from the porch of Methvin's home. In June 1871, Longview was incorporated as the first town in Gregg County.[10][9]

In 1884, the Mobberly Hotel opened for business servicing railroad travelers and as the center of social gatherings for Longview. The hotel featured cherrywood furniture with carved bed posts, marble-top washstands, linen tablecloths, electric crystal chandeliers, and a fireplace in every room. Mobberly was located in the junction part of town near the train depot. The hotel was destroyed by fire on June 13, 1965.[citation needed]

On May 23, 1894, Bill Dalton and three members of his posse robbed the First National Bank of Longview. Several men died in the resulting gunfight, bandit Jim Wallace along with citizens J. W. McQueen, Charles Learn, and George Buckingham.[11] The robbers escaped with 2,000$ in cash and some unsigned bank notes. [12] The Gregg County Historical Museum holds it's exhibit on the event within the bank vault which was robbed, and holds a yearly event to mark the anniversary of the occasion.[13]

In the Longview race riot in July 1919, a reporter for The Chicago Defender was in Longview looking into the mysterious death of a black man named Lemuel Walters. An armed white mob attacked a home where the reporter, S.L. Jones, was staying, and attempted to batter their way in. A gunfight began between the attackers and the men in the house. Eventually, Jones made a getaway. The white men then began to burn buildings in the black section of the town.[14]

The Gregg Hotel opened in 1930, and served oil boom customers.[15] It had various operators as a hotel until 1978, when it was converted to dormitories for use by male students of LeTourneau College.[16] Following the 1984 spring semester, the building sat empty except for a barbershop, which also closed in 1986.[17] The building was ultimately demolished in 1995.

In 1942, construction began on the Big Inch pipeline in Longview. From 1943 to 1945, the pipeline transported over 261,000,000 barrels of crude oil to the East Coast.[9] At the time of construction, Big Inch and its smaller twin, Little Inch, comprised the longest petroleum pipeline ever built in the world. Both were integral in supplying the United States' war effort in World War II.

After World War II, Longview's population grew from 24,502 to 40,050 in 1960, its growth fueled by migration from rural Gregg County and the annexation of Greggton and Spring Hill.[18]

Geography

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Longview is located within Northeast Texas, a subregion of East Texas. North of Kilgore, and is bordered to the west by the city of White Oak. Longview was founded in Gregg County, and has annexed surrounding land as it has grown in population and area, including a comparatively small area on its east that is within Harrison County.

Climate

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Climate data for Longview, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1902–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 86
(30) 		90
(32) 		97
(36) 		95
(35) 		103
(39) 		110
(43) 		108
(42) 		113
(45) 		109
(43) 		101
(38) 		93
(34) 		93
(34) 		113
(45)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 57.6
(14.2) 		62.0
(16.7) 		69.5
(20.8) 		76.7
(24.8) 		83.9
(28.8) 		90.2
(32.3) 		93.6
(34.2) 		94.2
(34.6) 		88.8
(31.6) 		79.0
(26.1) 		67.9
(19.9) 		59.5
(15.3) 		76.9
(24.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 46.0
(7.8) 		49.8
(9.9) 		57.2
(14.0) 		64.2
(17.9) 		72.8
(22.7) 		79.8
(26.6) 		83.0
(28.3) 		83.0
(28.3) 		76.9
(24.9) 		66.2
(19.0) 		55.4
(13.0) 		47.8
(8.8) 		65.2
(18.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 34.3
(1.3) 		37.7
(3.2) 		44.9
(7.2) 		51.8
(11.0) 		61.7
(16.5) 		69.5
(20.8) 		72.5
(22.5) 		71.7
(22.1) 		64.9
(18.3) 		53.3
(11.8) 		43.0
(6.1) 		36.2
(2.3) 		53.5
(11.9)
Record low °F (°C) −4
(−20) 		−5
(−21) 		17
(−8) 		20
(−7) 		37
(3) 		52
(11) 		56
(13) 		53
(12) 		38
(3) 		25
(−4) 		18
(−8) 		2
(−17) 		−5
(−21)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.27
(108) 		4.07
(103) 		4.68
(119) 		4.34
(110) 		4.92
(125) 		4.33
(110) 		2.50
(64) 		2.84
(72) 		3.48
(88) 		4.33
(110) 		3.78
(96) 		4.64
(118) 		48.18
(1,224)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.4
(1.0) 		0.3
(0.76) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.7
(1.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.5 8.8 8.8 7.3 8.0 7.3 5.5 5.8 5.7 6.7 7.4 9.0 88.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
Source: NOAA[19][20]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18801,525—
18902,03433.4%
19003,59176.5%
19105,15543.6%
19205,71310.8%
19305,036−11.9%
194013,758173.2%
195024,50278.1%
196040,05063.5%
197045,54713.7%
198062,76237.8%
199070,31112.0%
200073,3444.3%
201080,4559.7%
202081,6381.5%
U.S. Decennial Census
[21][failed verification] 2020[4]
Longview city, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[22] Pop 2010[23] Pop 2020[24] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 48,028 45,230 40,599 65.48% 56.22% 49.73%
Black or African American alone (NH) 16,126 18,190 19,173 21.99% 22.61% 23.49%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 267 292 255 0.36% 0.36% 0.31%
Asian alone (NH) 606 1,063 1,309 0.83% 1.32% 1.60%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 12 21 30 0.02% 0.03% 0.04%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 35 87 219 0.05% 0.11% 0.27%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 706 1,112 3,115 0.96% 1.38% 3.82%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 7,564 14,460 16,938 10.31% 17.97% 20.75%
Total 73,344 80,455 81,638 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%


At the 2010 census, Longview had a population of 80,455. The median age was 34. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 56.2% non-Hispanic White, 22.6% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 9.5% from some other race, and 2.3% from two or more races. About were 18.0% Hispanics or Latinos of any race.[25] In the census of 2000,[6] 73,344 people, 28,363 households, and 19,116 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,341.8 inhabitants per square mile (518.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 70.10% White, 22.11% African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 4.92% from other races, and 1.51% from two or more races; Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.31% of the population.

By the 2020 United States census, Longview's population grew to 81,683.[7] Its racial and ethnic makeup per the 2020 census was 49.73% non-Hispanic white, 23.49% Black or African American, 0.31% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.6% Asian alone, 0.27% some other race, 3.82% multiracial, and 20.75% Hispanic or Latino of any race.[26] Among its population at the 2020 American Community Survey, 52.7% of its population was non-Hispanic white, 22.4% Black or African American, 0.1% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian alone, 0.2% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.7% two or more races, and 20.3% Hispanic of Latino American of any race.[27] The 2020 census and 2020 survey reflected nationwide demographic trends of greater diversification among traditional minority populations.[28][29]

Of the 28,363 households at the 2000 census, 33.2% had children under 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were not families. About 27.9% of all households were individuals who lived alone, and 10.7% of all households were 65 or older and living alone. The average household size was 2.50, and the average family size was 3.06. Among the estimated 31,450 households at the 2020 American Community Survey, the average household size was 2.49; the 19,965 families had an average size of 3.13.[30] Of the households and families estimated, 53.6% were in owner-occupied housing units and 46.4% were renter-occupied.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $33,858, and for a family was $42,378. Males had a median income of $33,078 versus $21,400 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,676. About 13.0% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over. By 2020, the median household income for Longview residents grew to $50,019, and monthly housing costs were $854.[31]

As of 2020's religion census by the Association of Religion Data Archives, Baptists were the largest set of Christians, with Christianity being the predominant religion for Longview's metropolitan area. Altogether, Baptists from the American Baptist Association, Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship, Free Will Baptists, National Baptists, National Missionary Baptists, and Southern Baptists numbered 88,811. Non/inter-denominational Protestants numbered 26,874. Other large Christian communities for the MSA were Methodists, Pentecostals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Mormons. Its Catholic Christian community numbered 22,952.[32]

Economy

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Longview's tallest building, the 10-story VeraBank
 
CHRISTUS Good Shepherd Medical Center
 
Looking west on Tyler Street in downtown Longview

Longview is one of several cities in East Texas that serve as a center for the "patent troll" industry, due to a perception that the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas is a favorable venue for patent infringement plaintiffs.[33] As such, it is also one of the major economic hubs for Northeast Texas alongside Tyler.[34]

Largest employers

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According to the municipal Fiscal Year 2021–2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[35] the top employers in the city were:

# Employer # of employees
1 CHRISTUS Good Shepherd Medical Center 2,530
2 Eastman Chemical 1,481
3 Longview Regional Medical Center 1,150
4 Dollar General 875
5 Komatsu 560
6 AAON Coil Products, Inc. 515
7 Trinity Rail, LLC 471
8 Mr. Cooper 450
9 Diagnostic Clinic of Longview 400
10 Crosby Group 380

Arts and culture

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Longview Public Library operates a main branch, and the Broughton Branch.[36][37]

Longview’s cultural district—a 320-acre (130 ha) area in downtown Longview which includes museums, restaurants, parks, live music, theater, and historic buildings—was designated by the Texas Commission on the Arts in 2019.[38]

The 29-acre (12 ha) Longview Arboretum and Nature Center opened in 2019.[39][40] Among other centers, the city has a vast trail system that is being connected to create 10 consecutive miles of connected walking/biking trails.[41]

Government

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Local government

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Longview Municipal Building

According to the 2007 comprehensive annual financial report, the city's various funds had $75.9 million in revenues, $87.7 million in expenditures, $47.6 million in total assets, $9.0 million in total liabilities, and $12.2 million in cash in investments.[42]

The city manager as of 2023 is Rolin McPhee.[43] Bonds retired January 31, 2022 and Rolin McPhee became the city manager on February 1.[44] With the addition of McPhee as city manager, the city of Longview underwent some restructuring namely adding an assistant city manager, MaryAnn Hagenbucher.[44]

State government

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Longview is represented in the Texas Senate by Republican Bryan Hughes, District 1, and in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican Jay Dean, District 7. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates the Longview District Parole Office in Longview.[45]

Federal government

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Longview is part of Texas's 1st congressional district, which is currently represented by Republican Nathaniel Moran. Moran was elected after former Republican Louie Gohmert announced he was not seeking reelection in 2022.

Education

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S.E. Belcher, Jr. Chapel and Performance Center at LeTourneau University

Colleges and universities

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The city of Longview is home to three institutions of higher learning and two trade (cosmetology) schools:

Public school districts

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Longview is served by four school districts.

Media

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TV stations

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The Gregg County portion of Longview is part of the Tyler-Longview-Lufkin-Nacogdoches designated market area, and the Harrison County portion of Longview is within the Shreveport-Texarkana market.[46]

KLGV-LD broadcasts from Longview.

Newspaper

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Radio

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FM stations

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Frequency (MHz) Call letters Licensed location Type Format
94.1 K231DK Longview Translator of KFRO Oldies
96.5 K243CU Longview Translator of KEES Catholic
97.1 K246CB Longview Translator of KHCB Christian radio
99.9 K260CE Longview Translator of KTAA Christian radio
101.9 K270AW Longview Translator of KDOK Classic Hits
103.7 K279CI Longview Translator of KYKX Country
105.7 KYKX Longview Primary Country

AM station

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Frequency (kHz) Call letters Licensed location Type Format
1370 KFRO Longview Primary Fox Sports Radio

Infrastructure

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Transportation

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Airport

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East Texas Regional Airport is located south of Longview.

Public transportation

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The city's public transit system, Longview Transit, runs daily routes, excluding Sundays and holidays. Its fixed routes provide transportation to key districts throughout the city.[47]

City of Longview Transit (COLT) provides demand-response transportation services for those who are unable to use the regular Longview Transit fixed-route service.[48]

Rail service

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Amtrak passenger rail service is available on the Texas Eagle through a downtown terminal. Longview's Amtrak station is the fifth-busiest in Texas and the fourth-busiest station along the Texas Eagle route.[49] Daily trains between Chicago and San Antonio stop each morning (Chicago–San Antonio) and each evening (San Antonio–Chicago). Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, the Longview station serves the Chicago to Los Angeles trains. The return train, Los Angeles to Chicago, stops in Longview on Sunday, Tuesday, and Friday. It serves about 20–50 passengers per day. From the station, passengers can connect to Nacogdoches, Lufkin, Houston, and Galveston, as well as Shreveport, Louisiana, by motorcoach. A proposal is in the works for a high-speed rail system from Dallas/Fort Worth to Shreveport along the I-20 corridor, bringing passenger rail service to that corridor for the first time since the Texas and Pacific's unnamed successor to the Louisiana Eagle in the late 1960s.[50][51][52]

Longview is served by Amtrak, the BNSF Railway, and the Union Pacific Railroad.[53]

Roads

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  • Interstate 20, an east–west freeway, connects Longview to Dallas, about 125 mi (201 km) to the west and to Shreveport, Louisiana, around 60 mi (97 km) to the east.
  • U.S. Highway 80 runs through the central district of Longview. U.S. Hwy 80 was once a coast-to-coast highway from Tybee Beach near Savannah, Georgia, and ran continuously across the southern part of the United States to San Diego, California. Today, its western terminus is in Dallas, making the length only 1,032 mi (1,661 km). The western part of the route was replaced by I-20 and I-10.
  • U.S. Highway 259 is a 250-mile-long (400 km) north/south highway providing an alternate route to U.S. 59 between Nacogdoches, Texas, and the Oklahoma/Arkansas border just south of Fort Smith, Arkansas. Before Interstate 20, US 259 went through the center of Longview on a route now designated Texas State Highway 31 and Spur 502.
  • Texas Highway 31 runs 143.3 miles (230.6 km) east/west between Longview and Waco, Texas.
  • Texas Highway 149, 33.9 mi (54.6 km) long, connects Longview with Carthage.
  • Texas Highway 300 is a short (18.62-mile (29.97 km)) highway connecting Longview to U.S. 271 in Gilmer.
  • Texas Highway 281 is a 19.3-mile (31.1 km) loop highway that circumnavigates much of Longview from its east connection at I-20 east of the Gregg/Harrison county line to I-20 in Longview. It runs northward, westward, southward, and eastward around the city.
  • Spur 502 connects north/south traffic between U.S. Hwy 80 in central Longview and U.S. Hwy 259 north of Longview.
  • Spur 63 runs north/south through Longview connecting TX Hwy 31 at its Longview terminus with Spur 502 north of TX Loop 281.

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  2. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 – United States – Metropolitan Statistical Area (GCT-PEPANNRES)". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  3. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Longview, Texas
  4. ^ a b "QuickFacts: Longview city, Texas". United States Census Bureau. March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  5. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for Longview, TX (MSA)". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  6. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  7. ^ a b "2020 Race and Population Totals". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  8. ^ "Census profile: Longview, TX Metro Area". Census Reporter. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c Eugene W. McWhorter, "LONGVIEW, TX (GREGG COUNTY)", Handbook of Texas Online [1], accessed April 12, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
  10. ^ Beth Holloway Dodson, "METHVIN, OSSAMUS HITCH, SR.", Handbook of Texas Online <https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fme57>, accessed April 12, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
  11. ^ Hilton, Mark. "Dalton Gang's Last Raid". the Historical Marker Database. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  12. ^ "1894 Longview Bank Robbery by the Bill Dalton Gang". Texas History Notebook. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  13. ^ "the History of Dalton Days". Visit Longview Texas. March 12, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  14. ^ Onion, Rebecca. "Red Summer". Slate. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  15. ^ "Main Dining Room Displaced by Bed Quarters at Gregg Hotel as Demand for Sleeping Space Here Increases". The Daily News. Longview, TX. April 17, 1931. p. 4.
  16. ^ "Downtowner to be LeTourneau Dorm". The Daily News. Longivew, TX. May 15, 1978. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Downtown Barbershop Closing"". The Longview News-Journal. July 19, 1986. p. 1.
  18. ^ W., MCWHORTER, EUGENE (June 15, 2010). "LONGVIEW, TX". tshaonline.org. Retrieved July 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
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  24. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Longview city, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  25. ^ 2010 general profile of population and housing characteristics of Longview from the U.S. census
  26. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  27. ^ "2020 Demographic and Housing Estimates". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  28. ^ "Census data shows widening diversity; number of White people falls for the first time". The Washington Post.
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  35. ^ ACFR FY 21-22, retrieved September 6, 2023
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  37. ^ "Broughton Branch Library | Longview, TX". www.longviewtexas.gov. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  38. ^ "About Arts!Longview | Visit Longview TX". www.visitlongviewtexas.com. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  39. ^ "About | Longview Arboretum". www.longviewarboretum.org. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  40. ^ Staff Reports (October 25, 2019). "Phase 1 of Longview Arboretum and Nature Center to open Nov. 2". Longview News-Journal. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
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  60. ^ "Charlie Neal Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  61. ^ "Robert Newhouse". databaseFootball.com. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  62. ^ "Diane Porter Patrick". intelius.com. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
  63. ^ "Longview legend Monte Pittman returns to Texas". Longview News-Journal. December 2, 2021.
  64. ^ "James Scott". databaseFootball.com. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  65. ^ "Sam West Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Longview (Texas).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longview,_Texas&oldid=1253777086#LEDCO"