Louis Victor of Savoy, 4th Prince of Carignano (25 September 1721 – 16 December 1778) headed a cadet branch of the Italian dynasty which reigned over the Kingdom of Sardinia, being known as the Prince of Carignano from 1741 till his death. Upon extinction of the senior line of the family, his great-grandson succeeded to the royal throne as King Charles Albert of Sardinia, while his great-great-grandson, Victor Emmanuel II, became King of Italy.
| Louis Victor of Savoy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince of Carignano | |||||
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| Prince of Carignano | |||||
| Reign | 4 April 1741 – 16 December 1778 | ||||
| Predecessor | Victor Amadeus I | ||||
| Successor | Victor Amadeus II | ||||
| Born | 25 September 1721 Hôtel de Soissons, Paris, France | ||||
| Died | 16 December 1778 (aged 57) Palazzo Carignano, Turin, Italy | ||||
| Spouse | Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg | ||||
| Issue Detail | Princess Carlotta Victor Amadeus, Prince of Carignano Leopolda, Princess of Melfi Princess Polyxena Gabriella, Princess of Lobkowicz Marie Luisa Teresa, Princess of Lamballe Caterina, Princess of Paliano Eugenio, Count of Villafranca | ||||
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| House | Savoy (Carignano branch) | ||||
| Father | Victor Amadeus I | ||||
| Mother | Maria Vittoria, légitimée di Savoia | ||||
Early life
editLouis Victor was born at the Hôtel de Soissons, the Parisian home of his ancestor Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons, to Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano and his wife Maria Vittoria di Savoia. His father was a grandson of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano and thus a descendant of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain. He was doubly descended from the latter pair, as his mother was a legitimated daughter of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and his mistress Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes.
One of five children, he was the second son of his parents; his older brother Joseph Victor died an infant in 1716. Louis Victor was thus heir to the Carignano cadet branch of the House of Savoy from birth. His older sister Anne Thérèse married the Frenchman Charles de Rohan and was Princess of Soubise by marriage. Anne Thérèse was the mother of Madame de Guéméné, official governess to the children of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI.
Career
editLouis Victor grew up in Paris, where his father was both a courtier and an inveterate gambler. Heavily in debt in Piedmont, and sued by his sisters whose dowries he had gambled away, he had fled to France where he lived so luxurious a life that his son was forced to sell significant family assets in that country. He later moved to Piedmont, between Turin and Racconigi.
In 1741, Louis Victor's father died and he became the Prince of Carignano. The fief of Carignano had belonged to the Savoys since 1418, but the fact that it was part of Piedmont, only twenty km south of Turin, meant that it could be a "princedom" for Thomas in name only, being endowed neither with independence nor revenues of substance.[1]
Personal life
editOn 4 May 1740, Louis Victor married Princess Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg-Rheinfels, a sister of the Sardinian king's deceased wife Queen Polyxena (1706–1736). The couple had nine children.
- Princess Carlotta (17 August 1742 – 20 September 1794), who became a nun and died unmarried.
- Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano (1743–1780), who married Joséphine de Lorraine.
- Princess Leopolda (1744–1807), who married Andrea IV Doria-Pamphili-Landi, 8th Prince of Melfi.
- Princess Polyxena (31 October 1746 – 3 December 1762), who died unmarried.
- Princess Gabrielle (27 March 1748 – 10 April 1828), who married Ferdinand Philipp Josef, Prince of Lobkowicz, son of Phillip Hyacinth, Prince of Lobkowicz.
- Princess Maria Luisa Teresa (1749–1792), who married Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Prince of Lamballe.
- Prince Tommaso (6 December 1751 – 10 September 1753), who died young.
- Prince Eugenio, Count of Villafranca (1753–1785), who married Élisabeth Anne Magon.
- Princess Caterina (4 April 1762 – 4 September 1823), who married Filippo Giuseppe Francesco Colonna, 9th Prince of Paliano; had issue, from which the current Princes di Paliano descend.
The most renowned of their children, Marie Thérèse, is known to history as the Princesse de Lamballe whose close friendship with Marie Antoinette led to her brutal death during the French Revolution.
Louis Victor lost his wife in September, 1778 and died himself on 16 December 1778 at the Palazzo Carignano, the Turin residence of the Carignano family. Since 1835 his wife's grave has been in Turin's Basilica of Superga, as is that of Louis Victor.
Descendants
editHis descendants include Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples and Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta, rival claimants for the defunct throne of the Kingdom of Italy, as well as Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este, head of a cadet branch of the former imperial House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and the current head of the House of Lobkowicz.
Ancestry
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References
edit- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 336.
- ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 97.