Lule River (Lule Sami: Julevädno, Swedish: Lule älv, Luleälven) is a major river in Sweden, rising in northern Sweden and flowing southeast for 460 km (290 mi) before reaching the Gulf of Bothnia at Luleå. It is the second longest river by watershed area or length in Norrbotten County (after the Torne River and very slightly ahead of the Kalix River, which is 460.65 km long), but is the largest by average discharge.
| Lule River | |
|---|---|
 Harsprånget in Lule River, August 2007 | |
 Location of Lule älv | |
| Native name | |
| Location | |
| Country | Sweden, Norway |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Sårjåsjaure |
| Mouth | Gulf of Bothnia |
• location | Luleå, Norrbotten, Sweden |
• coordinates | 65°35′12″N 22°02′31″E / 65.58667°N 22.04194°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 450 km (280 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 25,240.5 km2 (9,745.4 sq mi)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 515 m3/s (18,200 cu ft/s)[1] |
It has a watershed of 25,240.5 km2 of which 24,545.6 km2 is in Sweden and 694.9 km2 in Norway.
The river is an important source of hydroelectric energy, with major hydroelectric plants at Porjus and the 977 MW Harsprånget, commissioned in 1952 and expanded in 1983 to become Sweden's largest hydro power station.[3] The waterfall Harsprånget (former name: Njommelsaska) was the largest waterfall on the Swedish Lule River. Today the rapids power the largest hydroelectric plant in Sweden, Stora harsprånget.
The river was used extensively for the transportation of timber, with logs floated downstream for processing at Luleå, but this stopped in the early 1980s. Several major rapids exist along the river's length, notably the Stora Falls and those at Porjus and Harsprånget.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, the river was designated as a defensive line against an invasion from Imperial Russia and subsequently the Soviet Union. Extensive fortifications exist along the entire length of the river, culminating in Bodens Fortress in and around the city of Boden. Most of these fortifications and bunkers are no longer in use.
The Greater Lule River (Big Lule River) arguably begins somewhere near Sårjåsjaure in the mountains west of Gällivare. The water flows to the Virihaure lake, which also collects water from Kerkevare (via Kettaurejokk) and Alkajaure (via Millätno). The Tukejokk joins the Lule as well in Virihaure. Leaving Virihaure to the north, the river reaches the Vastenjaure lake after losing 32m over 2.2 km. It then flows via the Vuojatätno to lake Kutjaure and then Luoktanjarkajaure, collecting a lot of water from other lakes in Sarek National Park, like Salohaure, and from the Swedish-Norwegian border. There are numerous waterfalls and rapids in the river. The best known is Stora Sjöfallet at the end of the Akkajaure lake, where the water falls 39.6 m from Kårtjejaure to Langasjaure. In this lake the Vietasajokk joins the Lule. The Stora Lule träsk is the largest of the lakes in the river. Here it reaches the forest, and after the lake is joined by the Muddus River from Muddus National Park.
At 75m, near the village of Vuollerim, the river joins with the Lesser Lule River. The Lule passes the Porsiforsen (25m over 2 km), Edefors and Hedens fors. It flows into the Baltic Sea through the Bälingefjärden and Lulefjärden.
The name of the town Luleå means "Lule River"; the river's name is from the Sami lulij meaning "Easterner", a name for Forest Sami people.[4][5]
Other rivers in the watershed of the Lule with a length of more than 100 km are: Black River (Sweden), Flarkån, Lesser Lule River, Pärl River, Rissajåkkå, Vietasätno, and Bodträskån.
References
edit
- (in Swedish) article Lule älf from Nordisk Familjebok (1912)
- ^ a b "Luleälven". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Retrieved 14 July 2010. (subscription required)
- ^ "Län och huvudavrinningsområden i Sverige" (PDF) (in Swedish). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ^ Mellgren, Erik. "Third time counted for Harsprånget", Ny Teknik 28 July 2012. Retrieved: 7 August 2012.
- ^ "Luleå", Nationalencyklopedin, 1989-1996
- ^ Wahlberg, Mats (editor) (2003) "Luleå", Svenskt ortnamnslexikon. Uppsala: Institutet för språk och folkminnen. ISBN 91-7229-020-X.