Parides lysander

Lysander cattleheart
	Plate accompanying the original description in Cramer and Stoll's Uitlandsche Kapellen, P. lysander top left and bottom right
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. lysander
Binomial name
	Parides lysander; (Cramer, 1775)
Synonyms
	Papilio lysander Cramer, [1775]; Papilio euristeus Cramer, 1775; Papilio arbates Stoll, [1782]; Papilio meleander Jablonsky, 1784; Papilio eurymas Godart, 1819; Papilio anaximander C. & R. Felder, 1865; Papilio lysander var. bari Oberthür, 1879; Papilio horracki Lathy, 1916; Papilio citrulli Fabricius, 1938; Papilio scaevola Fabricius, 1938; Papilio parsodes Gray, [1853]; Papilio sonoria Gray, [1853]; Priamides brissonius Hübner, [1819]; Papilio phrynichus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Papilio lysander f. stramineus Biedermann, 1938; Papilio lysander isanae Rousseau-Decelle, 1943; Papilio lysander f. extensa Rousseau-Decelle, 1943; Papilio lysander f. reducta Rousseau-Decelle, 1943; Papilio lysander mattogrossensis Talbot, 1928; Papilio lysander ab. antalcidas Krüger, 1933;

Parides lysander, the Lysander cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm.

The larvae feed on Aristolochia species including A. huberiana, A. sprucei, A. littoralis, A. ruiziana, and A. leuconeura.

Subspecies

P. l. lysander Guianas
P. l. parsodes (Gray, [1853]) Brazil (Pará)
P. l. brissonius (Hübner, [1819]) Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, S.Peru, Brazil (Amazonas)
P. l. mattogrossensis (Talbot, 1928) Brazil (Mato Grosso)
P. l. antalcidas Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994 Brazil (Pará)
P. l. orinocoensis Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002 Colombia

Description from Seitz

P. lysander Cr. (= phrynichus Fldr.). Male with white scent-wool in the fold of the hindwing. Outer margin of the forewing in the female rounded; the last two red spots on the hindwing separated, standing obliquely one under the other; female-f. parsodes Gray (= sonoria Gray) has a large white area on the forewing, composed of several spots: in the female -f. arbates Stoll (= anaximenes Fldr.) the forewing has only one white spot; whilst in the female-f. brissonius Gray (5b) the forewing has no white spot at all. A male with yellow instead of red spots on the forewing has been described as ab. bari Oberth. — This species is known from the whole of the Amazon, East Peru and East Ecuador, as well as from the Guianas and Bogota; it has not hitherto been found in Bolivia nor in Brazil proper. It is a swamp species and flies heavily over the wettest places in the shade of the woods.^[1]

Description from Rothschild and Jordan (1906)

A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)^[2]

Taxonomy

Parides lysander is a member of the aeneas species group:^[3]

The members are

Parides aeneas
Parides aglaope
Parides burchellanus
Parides echemon
Parides eurimedes – mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, or true cattleheart
Parides lysander
Parides neophilus – spear-winged cattleheart
Parides orellana
Parides panthonus – panthonus cattleheart
Parides tros
Parides zacynthus

References

^ Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online
^ Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277

Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN 0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 14

[1] Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[2] Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online

[3] Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277

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