Internet Video Coding (ISO/IEC 14496-33, MPEG-4 IVC) is a video coding standard. IVC was created by MPEG, and was intended to be a royalty-free video coding standard for use on the Internet, as an alternative to non-free formats such as AVC and HEVC. As such, IVC was designed to only use (mostly old) coding techniques which were not covered by royalty-requiring patents.
According to a blog post by MPEG founder and chairman Leonardo Chiariglione in 2018, "IVC is practically dead." He said that three companies had made statements equivalent to "I may have patents and I am willing to license them at FRAND terms" covering IVC, meaning that implementations might have to pay money to the companies.[1] These statements meant that IVC was not clearly a royalty-free video coding format; those companies would need to be contacted to determine whether they had essential patents and to determine the terms for their use – which might involve the payment of some fees.
The ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC patent policy defines three types of patent licensing. The goal for IVC was to only use techniques patented under type 1 (royalty-free), while the three companies said they may have patents under type 2 (possibly requiring royalty payments). The text of the code of practice is as follows:
2.1 The patent holder is willing to negotiate licences free of charge with other parties on a non-discriminatory basis on reasonable terms and conditions. Such negotiations are left to the parties concerned and are performed outside ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC.
2.2 The patent holder is willing to negotiate licences with other parties on a non-discriminatory basis on reasonable terms and conditions. Such negotiations are left to the parties concerned and are performed outside ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC.
2.3 The patent holder is not willing to comply with the provisions of either paragraph 2.1 or paragraph 2.2; in such case, the Recommendation | Deliverable shall not include provisions depending on the patent.[2]
History
editMPEG issued a Call for Proposals in July 2011 for royalty-free video coding formats. Three proposals were received:
- Web Video Coding (WVC), proposed jointly by Apple, Cisco, Fraunhofer HHI, Magnum Semiconductors, Polycom, RIM, etc.. Web Video Coding was another name for the Constrained MPEG-4 AVC baseline profile.[3]
- Video Coding for Browsers (VCB), proposed by Google and identical to Google's VP8.[3]
- Internet Video Coding (IVC), proposed by several universities (Peking University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Hanyang University, Korea Aerospace University, etc.), and developed from scratch.[3]
Web Video Coding did not have a guarantee from all patent holders that the patents covering Web Video Coding would be licensed royalty-free.[3]
IVC's compression performance was reported to be better than that of WVC and VCB, and IVC was approved as ISO/IEC 14496–33 in June 2015.[3]
See also
edit- Internet Video Codec (NETVC): project by IETF that had similar goals to IVC
- AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) from the Alliance for Open Media
References
edit- ^ Leonardo Chiariglione (January 28, 2018). "A crisis, the causes and a solution".
- ^ "IEC - Members & experts > Info: Patents > IEC Patent Declarations > Common patent policy for ITU-T / ITU-R / ISO / IEC". www.iec.ch.
- ^ a b c d e Wang, Ronggang; Wang, Zhenyu; Fan, Kui; Huang, Tiejun; Wang, Wenmin; Li, Ge; Gao, Wen (2018). "MPEG Internet Video Coding Standard and its Performance Evaluation". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. 28 (3). IEEE Xplore: 719–733. doi:10.1109/TCSVT.2016.2631249. S2CID 3703279.