Hypertrichosis cubiti (also known as "hairy elbow syndrome"[1]) is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple terminal hairs on both elbows in children.[1]
| Hypertrichosis cubiti | |
|---|---|
| Other names | hairy elbow syndrome |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Signs and symptoms
editHypertrichosis cubiti is characterized by an unusually high concentration of longhairs that are concentrated mostly in the elbow area on the extensor surfaces of the upper extremities. Hypertrichosis is not always visible at birth; it typically manifests in early infancy, peaks between the ages of 5 and 6, then gradually declines and eventually goes away during puberty.[2]
Causes
editSeveral inheritance patterns with varying penetrance and expressivity have been proposed, such as a familial pattern with either an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance.[3] Primary nevoid hypertrichosis[4][5] and somatic hypertrichosis mosaicism are two other possibilities.[6][7] There have been some speculative connections made to disorders including the Floating-Harbor syndrome,[8] Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome,[9] and Weill-Marchesani syndrome.[10]
Treatment
editFor children with sporadic hypertrichosis cubiti, parents should be reassured and given guidance on hair removal or bleaching. Care should be used while discussing hair removal methods in order to reduce discomfort and expense.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ Nardello, R; Mangano, S; Fontana, A; Tripi, G; Didato, M A; Di Pace, M; Corsello, G (2008). "The hairy elbows syndrome: clinical and neuroradiological findings". La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica: Medical and Surgical Pediatrics. 30 (5): 262–264. PMID 19320141. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
- ^ a b Tng, Vivian E.T.; de Zwaan, Sally (2015-12-09). "Hypertrichosis cubiti, a case report and literature review". Clinical Case Reports. 4 (2). Wiley: 138–142. doi:10.1002/ccr3.465. ISSN 2050-0904. PMC 4736513. PMID 26862409.
- ^ Andreev, Vladimir C. (1979-06-01). "Hairy Elbows". Archives of Dermatology. 115 (6): 761. doi:10.1001/archderm.1979.04010060059036. ISSN 0003-987X. PMID 453885.
- ^ Fernandez-Crehuet, Pablo; Ruiz-Villaverde, Ricardo; Fernandez-Crehuet Serrano, Jose Luis (November 2013). "Hairy elbows — A case study". Australian Family Physician. 42 (11): 801–802. PMID 24217102. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
- ^ Edwards, Matthew J.; Crawford, Anthony E.; Jammu, Vapinder; Wise, Graham (1994-10-15). "Hypertrichosis "cubiti" with facial asymmetry". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 53 (1). Wiley: 56–58. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320530112. ISSN 0148-7299. PMID 7802037.
- ^ Polizzi, A.; Pavone, P.; Ciancio, E.; Rosa, C. La; Sorge, G.; Ruggieri, M. (2005). "Hypertrichosis Cubiti (Hairy Elbow Syndrome): A Clue to a Malformation Syndrome". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 18 (10). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 1019–1025. doi:10.1515/jpem.2005.18.10.1019. ISSN 2191-0251. PMID 16355816.
- ^ Koç, A; Karaer, K; Ergün, M A; Cinaz, P; Perçin, E F (2007). "A new case of hairy elbows syndrome (hypertrichosis cubiti)". Genetic Counseling (Geneva, Switzerland). 18 (3): 325–330. PMID 18019374.
- ^ Jones, Wendy D.; Dafou, Dimitra; McEntagart, Meriel; Woollard, Wesley J.; Elmslie, France V.; Holder-Espinasse, Muriel; Irving, Melita; Saggar, Anand K.; Smithson, Sarah; Trembath, Richard C.; Deshpande, Charu; Simpson, Michael A. (2012). "De Novo Mutations in MLL Cause Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 91 (2). Elsevier BV: 358–364. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.06.008. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3415539. PMID 22795537.
- ^ Beighton, P (1970-06-01). "Familial hypertrichosis cubiti: hairy elbows syndrome". Journal of Medical Genetics. 7 (2). BMJ: 158–160. doi:10.1136/jmg.7.2.158. ISSN 1468-6244. PMC 1468803. PMID 5519603.
Further reading
edit- M, Yuste-Chaves; MI, Zafra-Cobo; A, Martínez de Salinas; J, Bravo-Piris (2007). "[Two cases of hypertrichosis cubiti]". Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas. 98 (10). Actas Dermosifiliogr: 719–721. doi:10.1016/S0001-7310(07)70170-9. ISSN 0001-7310. PMID 18035036. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
- Rosina, Paolo; Pugliarello, Silvia; Tarocco, Michele; D’Onghia, Francesco S.; Barba, Annalisa (2005-07-20). "Hairy elbows syndrome". International Journal of Dermatology. 45 (2). Wiley: 127–128. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02646.x. ISSN 0011-9059. PMID 16445502.