Maclura is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It includes the inedible Osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the United States as a hedging plant.[3] It is dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants.[4]
| Maclura Temporal range: (Molecular clock)
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|---|---|
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| M. pomifera foliage and fruit | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Tribe: | Maclureae |
| Genus: | Maclura Nutt.[1] |
| Species[2] | |
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13; see text | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Maclura is closely related to the genus Cudrania, and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined Maclura that includes species previously included in Cudrania and other genera of Moraceae.[citation needed] The genus likely originated in South America during the Paleogene.[5]
Species
edit13 species are accepted.[2]
- Maclura africana (Bureau) Corner – eastern Africa and Madagascar
- Maclura andamanica (King ex Hook.f.) C.C.Berg – Vietnam, Laos to Andaman Islands
- Maclura brasiliensis (Mart.) Endl. – Brazil, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela
- Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner (Syn.: Cudrania cochinchinensis, Cudrania javanensis, Vanieria cochinchinensis) – China, Vietnam, Malesia, and northern Australia
- Maclura fruticosa (Roxb.) Corner – China and Vietnam
- Maclura mollis (Fernald) Carvajal – Mexico (Oaxaca)
- Maclura montana Z.P.Lei, G.Y.Li & Z.H.Chen – China (Zhejiang)
- Maclura orientalis G.Y.Li, W.Y.Xie & Z.H.Chen – China (Zhejiang)
- Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. – Osage-orange; United States
- Maclura pubescens (Trécul) Z.K.Zhou & M.G.Gilbert (Syn.: M. cochichinensis var. pubescens) – China
- Maclura spinosa (Willd.) C.C.Berg – India to Sri Lanka
- Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud. – Mexico to northern Argentina
- Maclura tricuspidata Carrière (Syn.: Cudrania tricuspidata, Cudrania triloba) – China, Vietnam, and Korea
Formerly placed here
edit- Milicia excelsa (as Maclura excelsa)
- Milicia regia (as Maclura regia)
- Broussonetia greveana (as Maclura greveana and Maclura humbertii)
Etymology
editThe genus is named in honor of William Maclure (1763-1840), a Scottish-born American geologist and educational reformer. President of the American Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 22 years. Maclure made major contributions to his field, including the first true geological map of any part of North America, and was a strong advocate of universal education, especially for women.
Fossil record
editFossils similar to Maclura have been reported from the Middle Eocene of England.[6]
References
edit- ^ "Maclura Nutt". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 16 January 2009. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
- ^ a b c Maclura Nutt. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Burton, J D (1990). "Maclura pomifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 3 March 2009 – via Southern Research Station.
- ^ C.C., Berg; Corner, E.J.H.; Jarrett, F.M. (2006). Moraceae - Genera other than Ficus. 1. Vol. 17. pp. 1–152. ISBN 9789071236648.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Gardner, Elliot M.; Sarraf, Paya; Williams, Evelyn W.; Zerega, Nyree J.C. (December 2017). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Maclura (Moraceae) and the origin of an anachronistic fruit". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 117: 49–59. Bibcode:2017MolPE.117...49G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.021. PMID 28698111.
- ^ "Broussonetia – Maclura clade, and its probable ancestral area… – Figure 2". Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
External links
edit
Media related to Maclura at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Maclura at Wikispecies
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