Macon is a city in Noxubee County, Mississippi along the Noxubee River. The population was 2,768 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Noxubee County.[2]
Macon, Mississippi | |
|---|---|
 Noxubee County Courthouse in Macon | |
 Location of Macon, Mississippi | |
  Macon, Mississippi Location in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 33°6′45″N 88°33′40″W / 33.11250°N 88.56111°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | Noxubee |
| Area | |
• Total | 3.85 sq mi (9.98 km2) |
| • Land | 3.83 sq mi (9.92 km2) |
| • Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.06 km2) |
| Elevation | 197 ft (60 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 2,582 |
| • Density | 674.33/sq mi (260.34/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 39341 |
| Area code | 662 |
| FIPS code | 28-44240 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0673046 |
| Website | www |
History
editIn 1817, Jackson's Military Road was built at the urging of Andrew Jackson to provide a direct connection between Nashville and New Orleans. The road crossed the Noxubee River just west of Macon, located at the old Choctaw village of Taladega, now the site of the local golf club. The road declined in importance in the 1840s, largely due to the difficulty of travel in the swamps surrounding the Noxubee River in and west of Macon.
The route for the most part was replaced by the Robinson Road, which ran through Agency and Louisville before joining the Natchez Trace, bypassing Macon.[3]
On September 15, 1830, US government officials met with an audience of 6,000 Choctaw men, women and children at Dancing Rabbit Creek to explain the policy of removal through interpreters. The Choctaws faced migration west of the Mississippi River or submitting to U.S. and state law as citizens.[4]
The treaty would sign away the remaining traditional homeland to the United States; however, a provision in the treaty made removal more acceptable.[5]
The town was named Macon on August 10, 1835 in honor of Nathaniel Macon, a statesman from North Carolina.[6]
The city served as the capital for the state of Mississippi during the Civil War from 1863 onward.[7]
The legislature was housed in the Calhoun Institute, which also housed Governor Charles Clark's office and served as one of several hospital sites in Macon.[8]
In October 1865, Governor Benjamin Humphreys attempted to retrieve the furniture from the governor's mansion to Jackson, however it had been either destroyed or stolen.[9]
On June 27, 1919, in an incident described as part of the Red Summer, a mob of white citizens including a banker and a deputy sheriff, among many others, attacked prominent black citizens.[10] On May 20, 1927, Dan Anderson was lynched in Macon.[11]
Geography
editAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all land.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Macon, Mississippi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–1981, 1988–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 81 (27) |
87 (31) |
89 (32) |
91 (33) |
97 (36) |
105 (41) |
104 (40) |
111 (44) |
101 (38) |
101 (38) |
91 (33) |
86 (30) |
111 (44) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 54.1 (12.3) |
58.7 (14.8) |
66.4 (19.1) |
74.5 (23.6) |
82.0 (27.8) |
87.8 (31.0) |
90.3 (32.4) |
90.5 (32.5) |
85.7 (29.8) |
76.3 (24.6) |
64.9 (18.3) |
56.5 (13.6) |
74.0 (23.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 43.4 (6.3) |
47.1 (8.4) |
54.5 (12.5) |
62.2 (16.8) |
70.8 (21.6) |
77.7 (25.4) |
80.3 (26.8) |
80.1 (26.7) |
74.4 (23.6) |
63.5 (17.5) |
52.6 (11.4) |
45.5 (7.5) |
62.7 (17.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 32.7 (0.4) |
35.4 (1.9) |
42.6 (5.9) |
49.8 (9.9) |
59.6 (15.3) |
67.6 (19.8) |
70.3 (21.3) |
69.7 (20.9) |
63.0 (17.2) |
50.8 (10.4) |
40.3 (4.6) |
34.4 (1.3) |
51.3 (10.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 5 (−15) |
7 (−14) |
13 (−11) |
29 (−2) |
37 (3) |
49 (9) |
54 (12) |
49 (9) |
40 (4) |
29 (−2) |
18 (−8) |
0 (−18) |
0 (−18) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.53 (140) |
5.62 (143) |
5.12 (130) |
5.79 (147) |
3.90 (99) |
4.50 (114) |
4.79 (122) |
4.18 (106) |
3.98 (101) |
3.88 (99) |
4.40 (112) |
5.48 (139) |
57.17 (1,452) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.3 (0.76) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.4 (1.0) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.6 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 8.9 | 95.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Source: NOAA[12][13] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editIn 2016, Macon was the poorest town in the United States with a population between 1,000 and 25,000 people.[14]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 989 | — | |
| 1870 | 975 | −1.4% | |
| 1880 | 2,074 | 112.7% | |
| 1890 | 1,565 | −24.5% | |
| 1900 | 2,067 | 32.1% | |
| 1910 | 2,024 | −2.1% | |
| 1920 | 2,051 | 1.3% | |
| 1930 | 2,198 | 7.2% | |
| 1940 | 2,261 | 2.9% | |
| 1950 | 2,241 | −0.9% | |
| 1960 | 2,432 | 8.5% | |
| 1970 | 2,612 | 7.4% | |
| 1980 | 2,396 | −8.3% | |
| 1990 | 2,256 | −5.8% | |
| 2000 | 2,461 | 9.1% | |
| 2010 | 2,768 | 12.5% | |
| 2020 | 2,582 | −6.7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[15] | |||
2020 census
edit| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[16] | Pop 2010[17] | Pop 2020[18] | % 20010 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 770 | 600 | 383 | 31.29% | 21.68% | 14.83% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 1,654 | 2,131 | 2,088 | 67.21% | 76.99% | 80.87% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0.20% | 0.11% | 0.12% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0.37% | 0.47% | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0.04% | 0.04% | 0.12% |
| Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH) | 12 | 7 | 56 | 0.49% | 0.25% | 2.17% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 10 | 13 | 49 | 0.41% | 0.47% | 1.90% |
| Total | 2,461 | 2,768 | 2,582 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,582 people, 1,110 households, and 724 families residing in the city.
2000 census
editAs of the census[19] of 2000, there were 2,461 people, 906 households, and 587 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,624.8 inhabitants per square mile (627.3/km2). There were 1,015 housing units at an average density of 670.1 per square mile (258.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 31.49% White, 67.33% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population.
There were 906 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.0% were married couples living together, 27.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.25.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $20,800, and the median income for a family was $26,696. Males had a median income of $22,969 versus $16,898 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,568. About 29.2% of families and 36.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.3% of those under age 18 and 21.8% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
editThe Noxubee County library is located in Macon. The building, which was constructed as a jail in 1907, still contains a gallows.[20]
Education
editHistorically, the city of Macon had the largest schools in Noxubee County, including Macon High School (Mississippi). In 1917, the city proposed consolidation of the school district with Noxubee County, with the goal of replacing the single-teacher system prevalent throughout the county.[21]
The City of Macon is now served by the Noxubee County School District. East Mississippi Community College offers some courses at Noxubee County High School in Macon.[22]
When federal courts mandated integration of the public schools, a segregation academy, Central Academy, was built in Macon, secretly using public school funds to construct the private school.[23] White student enrollment in public schools dropped from 829 to 71 during this period.[24] Attendance at Central Academy eventually dwindled to 51 students, resulting in the shuttering of the school following the 2017 school year.[25]
Media
editThe first newspaper in Macon was the Macon Intelligencer, which operated from 1838 to 1840. Another paper, the Macon Herald ran from 1841 to 1842.[26] The Macon Beacon was established in 1849.[27] It served Macon as a daily from 1859 to 1995.[28] It continues to operate as a weekly, published on Thursdays.[29] There is a local radio station, WPEZ 93.7 FM.
Notable people
edit- Chapman L. Anderson, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1887 to 1891[30]
- Larry Anderson, basketball coach for MIT[31]
- Buster Barnett, former NFL player for the Buffalo Bills
- Carey Bell, blues harmonicist
- McArthur Binion, artist[32]
- Cornelius Cash, basketball player
- Eddy Clearwater, blues guitarist and singer, born Edward Harrington in Macon in 1935. Cousin of Harmonicist Carey Bell.
- Quincy Coleman, former NFL and CFL player[33]
- Darion Conner, former professional football player with the Atlanta Falcons convicted of vehicular homicide
- Fest Cotton, former NFL defensive tackle[34]
- Joseph Crespino, historian[35]
- Albert Tatum Dent, member of the Mississippi Senate from 1902 to 1908 and 1924 to 1928[36]
- Reecy Dickson, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1993 to 2016[37]
- Henry Minor Faser, founding dean of the University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy[38]
- Hezekiah William Foote, planter and former member of the Mississippi House of Representatives and Mississippi Senate. Father of Huger Lee Foote.[39]
- Huger Lee Foote, planter and former member of the Mississippi Senate. Grandfather of Shelby Foote.[39]
- Jesse Fortune, blues singer
- Victoria Clay Haley, suffragist
- Reggie Holmes, former CFL player[40]
- Nate Hughes, former professional football player with the Jacksonville Jaguars and Detroit Lions[41]
- T. R. Hummer, poet[42]
- Chris Jones, former NFL and CFL wide receiver[43]
- Lorenzo Houston King, bishop of the Methodist Church (USA)[44]
- William Manly King, architect[45]
- Clarke Lewis, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1889 to 1893[46]
- William Brooks Lucas, former member of the Mississippi Senate[47]
- Brother Joe May, gospel singer[48]
- Andy P. Mullins, educator[49]
- Samuel Pandolfo, businessman
- Bubba Phillips, Major League Baseball player
- John Alton Phillips, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1932 to 1940 and 1944 to 1965[50]
- John Q. Poindexter, member of the Mississippi Senate from 1916 to 1920[51]
- America W. Robinson, African American educator; contralto (Fisk Jubilee Singers)
- Gene Short, former National Basketball Association player[52]
- Jeffery Simmons, defensive end for the Tennessee Titans[53]
- Deontae Skinner, NFL player
- Isham Stewart, former member of the Mississippi House of Representatives and the Mississippi Senate[54]
- William Ward, poet and editor of the Macon Beacon.[55]
- Margaret Murray Washington, educator; wife of Booker T. Washington
- Nate Wayne, former NFL football player with Green Bay Packers, Denver Broncos, and Philadelphia Eagles
- Israel Victor Welch, Confederate politician and lawyer lived in Macon after the war
- Sherman W. White, fighter pilot with the Tuskegee Airmen[56]
- Ben Ames Williams, novelist
- Big Joe Williams, Delta blues guitarist and songwriter[57]
- Henry Williams, soldier who was murdered by a bus driver in 1942[58]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
- ^ Love, William A., "General Jackson's Military Road," Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society Vol. XI (1910), pp. 403–17; accessed November 11, 2014.
- ^ Remini, Robert. ""Brothers, Listen ... You Must Submit"". Andrew Jackson. History Book Club. p. 272. ISBN 0-9650631-0-7.
- ^ Green, Len (October 1978). "Choctaw Treaties". Bishinik. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
- ^ "Formation of Noxubee County: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek". Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ "Mississippi". Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ "History of City of Macon & Noxubee County". Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ Lohrenz, Mary (November 17, 2010). "Governor's Mansion during the Civil War". Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ Dadabo, Elizabeth. Historical Moments of Policing, Violence, and Resistance Series Volume 6 Chicago's Red Summer of 1919.
- ^ "The Jim Crow Era: A Solemn Roll Call Of Those Brutally Murdered". PoliticsNY. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- ^ Lauterbach, Cole (June 29, 2018). "America's poorest city is in Illinois". Illinois News Network.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Macon city, Mississippi". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Macon city, Mississippi". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Macon city, Mississippi". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ Benton, Charlie (October 31, 2019). "Hanging onto history: Noxubee librarian discusses 1907 building's unusual feature". Starkville Daily News.
- ^ "Better School Opportunities for Macon and Surrounding Country". Macon Beacon. June 1, 1907. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ CATALOG 2007–09, East Mississippi Community College Archived 2010-12-18 at the Wayback Machine, eastms.edu; retrieved March 1, 2011.
- ^ "Schools board member resigns before NAACP asks". Clarksdale Press-Register. May 19, 1982. p. 11.
- ^ Swartz, David R (October 19, 2004). "October 2004 Swartz". Goshen College. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ Lamphin, Eric (April 20, 2017). "VIDEO: MACON'S CENTRAL ACADEMY CLOSING DOWN". WCBI. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ "Results: Digitized Newspapers « Chronicling America « Library of Congress". chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
- ^ "History of City of Macon & Noxubee County". Retrieved December 16, 2017.
- ^ "Macon beacon: (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995". Retrieved December 16, 2017.
- ^ "Macon". Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ^ "ANDERSON, Chapman Levy". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ Cleveland, Rick (June 4, 2019). "From Macon to MIT: Larry Anderson's Amazing Story". Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ "Perspectives 177: McArthur Binion | Contemporary Arts Museum Houston". camh.org. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "Quincy Coleman Cards". tcdb.com. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "Fest Cotton Stats". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Crespino Featured as One of Emory's "Fab Five" in 'Emory Magazine'". scholarblogs.emory.edu. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ Rowland, Dunbar (May 15, 1907). Mississippi: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form. Southern Historical Publishing Association. p. 222. ISBN 9780871522221 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Reecy Dickson's Biography". justfacts.votesmart.org. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ LLoyd, James B. (1981). Lives of Mississippi Authors, 1817-1967. Oxford, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 164. ISBN 9781604734119. OCLC 320801688.
- ^ a b Carter, William C., ed. (1989). Conversations with Shelby Foote. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 152. ISBN 0-87805-385-9.
- ^ "1972 Calgary Stampeders Roster". statscrew.com. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Nate Hughes". NFL Enterprises. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
- ^ Wells, Sean Harrington. "T. R. Hummer". Mississippi Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Chris Jones Gallery". tcdb.com. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Lorenzo Houston King". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (2): 261. April 1947. doi:10.1086/JNHv32n2p261.
- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form". npgallery.nps.gov. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "LEWIS, Clarke". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "Obituary for William Brooks Lucas". Clarion-Ledger. March 29, 1970. p. 4. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Brother Joe May". allmusic.com. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Andrew P. Mullins Jr. Collection". libraries.olemiss.edu. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ Mississippi. Legislature (January 1, 1964). "Hand book : biographical data of members of Senate and House, personnel of standing committees [1964]". Mississippi Legislature Hand Books.
- ^ Rowland, Dunbar (1917). The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi. Department of Archives and History. p. 776.
- ^ "Former NBA player and Hattiesburg High graduate passes away". Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
- ^ "Jeffery Simmons". tennesseetitans.com. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Isham Stewart (Noxubee County)". much-ado.net. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ Society (Founded 1890), Mississippi Historical (May 4, 1898). "Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society". The Society – via Google Books.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Sherman W. White, Jr". cafriseabove.org. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ "Big Joe Williams". msbluestrail.org. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ Newman, Michelle; Adams, Hannah (June 10, 2013). "The Death of Henry Williams". Civil Rights & Restorative Justice. Northeastern University. Retrieved June 23, 2021.