Henriette de Verninac (1780–1827) was the daughter of Charles-François Delacroix, minister of Foreign Affairs under the Directory, and wife of the diplomat Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur. She is known as the subject of a portrait by Jacques-Louis David.
Henriette de Verninac | |
|---|---|
 Portrait de madame de Verninac, 1799, by Jacques-Louis David | |
| Born | 1780 |
| Died | 1827 Paris, France |
Early years
editHenriette Delacroix was born in 1780.[1] Her father was Charles-François Delacroix (or Lacroix), minister of Foreign Affairs under the Directory.[2] She was the second of four children. Her older brother Charles was a general during the First French Empire. Her second brother was Henri.[3][4] Her youngest brother was the painter Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863), born eighteen years after her.[5][a]
Marriage
editIn 1798 Henriette married Raymond de Verninac-Saint-Maur (1762-1822).[1] He was one of the three commissioners who had been delegated to settle the annexation of Avignon in 1791.[2] Raymond de Verninac was Minister to Sweden from 1792 until 1793, when Louis XVI was executed and relations were broken off. From 1795-97 he was Minister to the Porte of Sultan Selim III.[7]
During the Consulate (1799-1804) Verninac was Prefect of the Rhône department.[7] The Verninacs moved to Lyon.[1] Jacques-Louis David painted a portrait of her in 1799.[8] The sensual painting in neo-classical style depicts Henriette in the classical costume popular during the Directory.[9] [10] In 1808 Joseph Chinard sculpted Henriette as Diana the Huntress Preparing Her Arrows.[1][11] Both of these works are now held by the Musée du Louvre.[1]
From 1802-05 Raymond de Verninac was French representative to Switzerland, after which he retired from the diplomatic service.[7] Charles Étienne Raymond Victor de Verninac was born in Paris on 19 November 1803, the couple's only child.[7] Henriette's father died in November 1805.[12] Her second brother Henri died in 1807 in the Battle of Friedland.[3] When her mother, Victoire Oeben, died in 1814 it was found that family estate was fully mortgaged, and his attorney had been stealing from it. Rather than being worth 800,000 francs as thought, the estate was in debt by 175,000 francs.[12]
The couple took care of Eugène Delacroix in 1814 after the death of their mother.[5] Delacroix met his first love at Henriette's house. His portrait of the young Englishwoman Elisabeth Salter was painted in 1817.[13] He became attached to his nephew, Charles, who was just five years younger than him.[1] When Charles came to Paris to attend the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Delacroix acted as his informal guardian.[14]
Last years
editHenriette's husband died on 23 April 1822.[15] With the trial over her father's estate not yet settled, Henriette was ruined and forced to work to survive. She offered her services to the house of education of the Legion of Honour. She died in Paris in 1827.[5] Delacroix became owner of the painting by David. He kept it for the rest of his life.[8]
Notes
edit- ^ It was rumored that Charles-François Delacroix was not the father of Eugène Delacroix, but that his real father was the statesman Charles Maurice de Talleyrand.[6]
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e f Henriette de Verninac: Musée Delacroix.
- ^ a b Société héraldique et généalogique de France 1886, p. 430.
- ^ a b Sjöberg 1963, p. 29.
- ^ Johnson 1991, p. 37.
- ^ a b c Biographie de VERNINAC Henriette.
- ^ Fraser 2004, pp. 13–14.
- ^ a b c d Johnson 1991b, p. 8.
- ^ a b Madame Raymond de Verninac.
- ^ Lubbock 2009.
- ^ Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa (1999). Necklines: The Art of Jacques-Louis David after the Terror. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 263–265. ISBN 0300074212.
- ^ Madame de Verninac sous les attributs...
- ^ a b Riley 2001, p. 43.
- ^ Néret 2000, p. 90.
- ^ Rubin 2014.
- ^ Sjöberg 1963, p. 36.
Sources
edit- "Biographie de VERNINAC Henriette de (1782-1827)". Correspondance d'Eugène Delacroix. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
- Fraser, Elizabeth A. (2004). Delacroix, Art and Patrimony in Post-Revolutionary France (PDF). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82829-5. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
- "Henriette de Verninac (1780–1827)". Musée National Eugène Delacroix. Archived from the original on 2014-03-15. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
- Johnson, Lee (1991). "Portrait of Delacroix". Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863): Paintings, Drawings, and Prints from North American Collections. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-8109-6403-7. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- Johnson, Lee (1991b). Eugène Delacroix, further correspondence, 1817-1863. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-817395-3. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- Lubbock, Tom (25 September 2009). "Great Works: Henriette de Verninac (1799) Jacques-Louis David". The Independent. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
- Madame de Verninac sous les attributs de Diane charesse préparant ses traits ; née Anne, Françoise, Victoire, Henriette Delacroix (1780-1827), épouse de Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur (in French), Ministère de la Culture, retrieved 2020-03-09
- "Madame Raymond de Verninac". The Louvre. 1798. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
- Néret, Gilles (2000). Delacroix. Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8228-5988-9. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- Riley, Charles A. (2001). Aristocracy and the Modern Imagination. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-58465-151-2. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- Rubin, James H. (2014). "Eugène Delacroix's Portrait of Charles de Verninac, 1825-26". Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
- Société héraldique et généalogique de France (1886). Bulletin. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- Sjöberg, Yves (1963). Pour comprendre Delacroix. Editions Beauchesne. GGKEY:021FPT3P5E8. Retrieved 15 March 2014.