Taaffeite (/ˈtɑːfaɪt/; BeMgAl4O8) is a mineral, named after its discoverer Richard Taaffe (1898–1967) who found the first sample, a cut and polished gem, in October 1945 in a jeweler's shop in Dublin, Ireland.[4][5] As such, it is the only gemstone to have been initially identified from a faceted stone. Most pieces of the gem, prior to Taaffe, had been misidentified as spinel. For many years afterwards, it was known only in a few samples, and it is still one of the rarest gemstone minerals in the world.[6]
| Taaffeite | |
|---|---|
 Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S (Mg3Al8BeO16) | |
| General | |
| Category | Oxide minerals |
| Formula (repeating unit) | BeMgAl4O8 |
| IMA symbol | Tf[1] |
| Strunz classification | 4.FC.25 |
| Crystal system | Hexagonal |
| Crystal class | Dihexagonal pyramidal (6mm) Trigonal dipyramidal (3m) (magnesiotaaffeite-6N'3S and ferrotaaffeite-6N'3S) |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless, greyish violet, violet red, red, greenish, light green, pink violet, mauve |
| Crystal habit | Prismatic, alluvial grains |
| Twinning | By reflection on (0001)? |
| Cleavage | Imperfect/fair/absent |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Mohs scale hardness | 8–8.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| Specific gravity | 3.60–3.61 |
| Optical properties | Uniaxial |
| Refractive index | nω = 1.722, nε = 1.777 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.055 |
| Pleochroism | Weak |
| References | [2][3] |
Since 2002, the International Mineralogical Association-approved name for taaffeite as a mineral is magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S.
Discovery
editTaaffe bought a number of precious stones from a jeweller in October 1945. Upon noticing inconsistencies between the taaffeite and spinels, Taaffe sent some examples to B. W. Anderson of the Laboratory of the London Chamber of Commerce for identification on 1 November 1945. When Anderson replied on 5 November 1945, he told Taaffe that they were unsure of whether it was a spinel or something new; he also offered to write it up in Gemologist.[7]
Properties
edit
In 1951, chemical and X-ray analysis confirmed the principal constituents of taaffeite as beryllium, magnesium and aluminium,[8] making taaffeite the first mineral to contain both beryllium and magnesium as essential components.[2]
The confusion between spinel and taaffeite is understandable as certain structural features are identical in both. Anderson et al.,[7] classified taaffeite as an intermediate mineral between spinel and chrysoberyl.[9] Unlike spinel, taaffeite displays the property of double refraction that allows distinction between these two minerals.
Usage
editBecause of its rarity, taaffeite is used only as a gemstone.[10]
Formation and occurrence
editTaaffeite occurs in carbonate rocks alongside fluorite, mica, spinel and tourmaline. This extremely rare mineral is increasingly found in alluvial deposits in Sri Lanka[11] and southern Tanzania,[2] as well as lower grade taaffeite in limestone sediments in China.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ a b c Thomas, Arthur (2008) Gemstones: properties, identification and use. New Holland Publishers. p. 74. ISBN 1-84537-602-1
- ^ Magnesiotaaffeite, Mindat
- ^ Dept. Mineralogy, British Museum, June 7 1951 Taaffeite, a new beryllium mineral, found as a cut gem-stone. Retrieved February 2015
- ^ Papers and proceedings of the International Mineralogical Association. General meeting, Mineralogical Society of America, Volume 9, p. 502
- ^ Collings, Michael R (2009). Gemlore: An Introduction to Precious and Semi-Precious Stones (2nd Ed). p. 152. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 1-4344-5702-8
- ^ a b Anderson, B.W., Payne, C.J., and Claringbull, G.F., (1951) Taaffeite, a new beryllium mineral, found as a cut gemstone. Mineralogical Magazine 29, pp. 765–772
- ^ Read, Peter G. (2005). Gemmology. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 5. ISBN 0-7506-6449-5.
- ^ a b Institut mineralogii, geokhimii, i kristallokhimii redkikh ėlementov (1966). Geochemistry and mineralogy of rare elements and genetic types of their deposits, Volume 2. Institut mineralogii, geokhimii i kristallokhimii redkikh elementov. (English Version Publisher: Israel Program for Scientific Translations). pp. 77–79.
- ^ Amethyst Galleries Inc.
- ^ Geological abstracts, Issues 1–7259 (1992). Elsevier/Geo Abstracts, p. 565