The Sultan of Johor (Malay: Sultan Johor; Jawi: سلطان جوهر) is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a bendahara. Currently, the role of bendahara has been taken over by first minister (Malay: Menteri Besar) with the constitutional monarchy system via Johor State Constitution. The sultan is the constitutional head of state of Johor. The sultan has his own independent military force, the Royal Johor Military Force (Malay: Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor). The sultan is also the Head of Islam in Johor state.[1]
| Sultan of Johor | |
|---|---|
| Sultan and Yang-di Pertuan of the State of Johor, The Abode of Dignity and its dependencies Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Yang di-Pertuan bagi Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Takzim سلطان يڠ دڤرتوان باڬي نڬري دان ججهن تعلوق جوهر دارالتعظيم | |
State | |
 | |
| Incumbent | |
_(cropped).jpg) | |
| Sultan Ibrahim, King of Malaysia and Sultan of Johor since 23 January 2010 | |
| coronation 23 March 2015 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Heir apparent | Tunku Ismail Ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail |
| First monarch | Alauddin Riayat Shah II |
| Formation | 1528 |
| Residence | Istana Bukit Serene, Johor Bahru |
| Website | royal |
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History
editThe first sultan of Johor was Alauddin Riayat Shah II. He was the son of the last Sultan of Malacca, Mahmud Shah. The descendants of the Sultanate of Malacca ruled Johor until the death of Sultan Mahmud II in 1699 with the throne being taken over by Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah IV, marking the start of the House of Bendahara's rule over Johor. Abdul Jalil Shah IV had been a bendahara before the death of Mahmud II.
Abu Bakar who reigned as sultan from 1886 to 1895, was the first sultan of the current ruling dynasty, the House of Temenggong.[2][3] His father, Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim, managed to consolidate enough power to marginalize Sultan Ali who died in 1877.
Current office-holder
editThe current Sultan of Johor is Ibrahim Ismail Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj, who was proclaimed as the 23rd Sultan of Johor on 23 January 2010 and crowned on 23 March 2015 at the Istana Besar, Johor Bahru. His father, Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail Al-Khalidi, a great-grandson of Sultan Abu Bakar died on 22 January 2010; the death was announced that night. Ibrahim Ismail, the Tunku Mahkota of Johor (Crown Prince of Johor), was appointed as the Pemangku Raja (Regent) of Johor on the same day. The funeral was held on 23 January after the proclamation of Sultan Ibrahim Ismail.
List of office bearers
edit| Sultans of Johor | Reign |
|---|---|
| Malacca-Johor dynasty | |
| Alauddin Riayat Shah II | 1528–1564 |
| Muzaffar Shah II | 1564–1570 |
| Abdul Jalil I | 1570–1571 |
| Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II | 1571–1597 |
| Alauddin Riayat Shah III | 1597–1615 |
| Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah | 1615–1623 |
| Abdul Jalil Shah III | 1623–1677 |
| Ibrahim Shah | 1677–1685 |
| Mahmud Shah II | 1685–1699 |
| Bendahara dynasty | |
| Abdul Jalil Shah IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil) | 1699–1720 |
| Malacca-Johor dynasty (claim) | |
| Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah I (Raja Kecil) | 1718–1722 |
| Bendahara dynasty | |
| Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah | 1722–1760 |
| Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah | 1760–1761 |
| Ahmad Riayat Shah | 1761–1770 |
| Mahmud Shah III | 1770–1811 |
| Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah I | 1811–1819 |
| Ahmad Hussein Muazzam Shah | 1819–1835 |
| Ali Iskandar Muazzam Shah | 1835–1855 |
| Temenggong dynasty (Sultan of Modern Johor) | |
| Abu Bakar al-Khalil | 1886–1895 |
| Ibrahim al-Masyhur | 1895–1959 |
| Ismail al-Khalidi | 1959–1981 |
| Iskandar al-Mutawakkil Alallah | 1981–2010 |
| Ibrahim Ismail[4] | 2010–present |
Timeline
edit
Genealogy tree
edit- Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim l ibni al-Marhum Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun ‘Abdu’l Rahman, Maharaja of Johor
(8 December 1810 – 10 March 1855 – 31 January 1862, ancestor of the sultanal Temenggong dynasty)- Sultan Abu Bakar al-Kharllil Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Dato’ Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim (3 February 1833 – , r.31 January 1862 – 4 June 1895)
- Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar al-Mashur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abu Bakar (17 September 1873 –, r.4 June 1895 – 8 May 1959)
- Tunku Muhammad Khallid ibni Tunku Mahkota Ibrahim Iskandar (27 ogos 1870 - 06 June 1881)
- Sultan Ismail al-Kharllil ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim (28 October 1894 – , r.8 May 1959 – 10 May 1981)
- Tunku 'Abdu'l Jalil ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail (11 May 1924 – 16 May 1925)
- Tunku 'Abdu'l Rahman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail (29 July – 16 September 1930)
- Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail (8 April 1932 – 10 May 1981 – 22 January 2010)
Enche’ Besar Hajjah Kalthom binti ‘Abdu’llah (b. in England, 2 December 1935 – 1 June 2018), née Josephine Ruby Trevorrow- Sultan Ibrahim Ismail ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Iskandar al-Haj (Born 22 November 1958 – enthroned 23 January 2010 – )
Raja Zarith Sofia binti al-Marhum Sultan Idris al-Mutawakil Allah Afifu’llah Shah, princess of Perak (14 August 1959 – )- Tunku Ismail Idris ‘Abdu’l Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail, Tunku Mahkota (Crown Prince, 30 June 1984 – )
- Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim ibni Tunku Ismail, Raja Muda (14 October 2017 – )[5]
- Tunku Abu Bakar Ibrahim ibni Tunku Ismail, (17 July 2019 – )
- Tunku Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah binti Sultan Ibrahim Ismail (8 April 1986 – )
- Tunku Idris Iskandar Ismail ‘Abdu’l Rahman ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail, Tunku Temenggong (25 December 1987 – )
- Tunku ‘Abdu’l Jalil Iskandar ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail, Tunku Laksamana (5 July 1990 – 5 December 2015)[6]
- Tunku ‘Abdu’l Rahman Hassanal Jeffri ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail, Tunku Panglima (5 February 1993 – )
- Tunku ‘Abu Bakar ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail, Tunku Putera (30 May 2001 – )
- Tunku Ismail Idris ‘Abdu’l Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail, Tunku Mahkota (Crown Prince, 30 June 1984 – )
- Sultan Ibrahim Ismail ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Iskandar al-Haj (Born 22 November 1958 – enthroned 23 January 2010 – )
- Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar al-Mashur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abu Bakar (17 September 1873 –, r.4 June 1895 – 8 May 1959)
- Sultan Abu Bakar al-Kharllil Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Dato’ Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim (3 February 1833 – , r.31 January 1862 – 4 June 1895)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Wong Chun Wai (27 September 2017). "Dressing down for launderette". The Star. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ Nadarajah, Johore and the Origins of British Control, pg 44
- ^ Abdullah, A. Rahman Tang (2011). "Sultan Abu Bakar's Foreign Guests and Travels Abroad, 1860s-1895: Fact and Fiction in Early Malay Historical Accounts". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 84 (1 (300)): 1–22. ISSN 0126-7353. JSTOR 41493787.
- ^ "Tunku Ibrahim Ismail Proclaimed As Sultan Of Johor". Bernama. 23 January 2010. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ Johor Sultan appoints his grandson as Raja Muda
- ^ Zazali Musa (5 December 2015). "Johor prince Tunku Jalil dies of cancer". The Star. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
Notes
edit
- Nesalamar Nadarajah, Johore and the Origins of British Control, 1895–1914, Arenabuku, 2000, ISBN 967-970-318-5
- T. Wignesan, "A Peranakan's View of the fin de siècle monde malais – Na Tian Piet's Endearing syair of Epic Proportions" [partial tranls. with introduction and notes to Na Tian Piet's "Sha'er of the late Sultan Abu Bakar (of Johor)"]in The Gombak Review, Vol. 4,N° 2 (International Islamic University Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 1999, pp. 101–121.
- T. Wignesan. Sporadic Striving amid Echoed Voices, Mirrored Images and Stereotypic Posturing in Malaysian-Singaporean Literatures. Allahabad: Cyberwit.net, 2008, pp. 196–218. ISBN 978-81-8253-120-8
