The Malian Party of Labour (French: Parti malien du travail, PMT) is a Marxist-Leninist party in Mali and a member of the coalition supporting the Alliance for Democracy in Mali of president Amadou Toumani Touré. Founded in 1965, it was prominent in the student resistance to the 1968-1991 military regime of General Moussa Traoré. It continues as an extra-parliamentary Hoxhaist-Communist faction within the Social-Democratic ADEMA-PASJ coalition, supporters of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress.
Formation
editThe PMT was a Marxist-Leninist outgrowth of the Parti africain d'Independence (PAI-Soudan), founded in 1958, itself collaborating with the US-RDA of Modibo Keita. The PMT formed a separate entity in 1965, and was even during the RDA period a semi-clandestine organisation.[1]
Under military rule
editThe group began to gain prominence only after the 1968 coup by General Moussa Traoré. From 1968, the PMT was one of the most active of underground opposition to the Military regime, and especially drew from student groups.[2] The PMT was one group that had been involved in the leftist Union Nationale des Élèves et Étudiants du Mali (UNEEM), which the regime of Moussa Traoré replaced with a state controlled organisation, the Union Nationale des Jeunes du Mali (UNJM). The PMT and other elements of the UNEEM—those who had prodded the RDA government from the left like the PMT, and those that had been part of the ruling RD, became the basis for much internal resistance to the military. This mostly took place in the form of labour struggles, propaganda, and the printing and distribution of illicit newspapers and pasting of anti-government placards in the streets of Mali's cities.[3]
Underground activism
editProminent PMT activists in the 1960s and 1970s included Abdrahamane Baba Touré (A PAI founder),[4] Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga,[5] and Cheick Moctary Diarra, who at the same time was a prominent government journalist.[6] The last two were both graduates of the Senegalese CESTI University program, a breeding ground for resistants to the government while outside Mali.[6] Other prominent activists included Yaya Maïga, Aly Sankaré, Hamidou Ongoïba, Aboubacar Oumar Maïa, and Ali Nouhoum Diallo.[7] Some elements of the PMT entered the government as clandestine Communists, including Dr. NGolo Traoré and the future Prime Minister of Mali, Alpha Oumar Konaré, who joined the Military government as Labour Minister from 1978 to 1980.[5][8]
Coalitions
editOn 20 January 1986 at Thiaroye Senegal the PMT joined a coalition with the underground former youth wing of the RDA, the Malian Party for Revolution and Democracy (le Parti Malien pour la Révolution et la Démocratie PMRD) and the French-based Democratic Peoples Front of Mali (Front Démocratique et Populaire Malien FDPM). This new group was called the National Democratic Peoples Front (Front National Démocratique et Populaire FNDP). They were joined by other clandestine groups, including the Groupe Tiémoko Garan Kouyaté.[9] In 1990, the remnants of the RDA also joined, forming the Alliance for Democracy in Mali (ADEMA-PASJ), the political coalition that penned a famous 7 August 1990 open letter demanding General Traoré step down and was heavily involved in the 1991 popular unrest overthrew of his regime.[10]
Post 1991
editThe PMT continued as a Hoxhaist-Communist faction within the ADEMA-PASJ coalition. In 2007, former PMT leader, 2002 presidential candidate and then ADEMA vice-president Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga openly opposed their support of the ruling Alliance for Democracy and Progress of president Amadou Toumani Touré. On 24–25 February 2007 ADEMA-PASJ delegates voted to expel Boubèye Maïga, along with former PMT members Issa Diarra, Ibrahima Kantao, Binta Yattassaye and Oumar Ag El Méhidi.[11][12]
References
edit- ^ History of ADEMA: adema-pasj.org
- ^ El Hadji Omar Diop, Omar Diop. Partis politiques et processus de transition démocratique en Afrique noire: recherches sur les enjeux juridiques et sociologiques du multipartisme dans quelques pays de l'espace francophone. Editions Publibook, (2006) ISBN 2-7483-3358-6 pp.71-73
- ^ Bakary CAMARA. Le processus démocratique au Mali depuis 1991—. Entre fragmentation de l’espace politique et coalitions : Quels sont les impacts de la démocratisation sur la condition de vie des maliens? apsanet.org, American Political Science Association Africa Workshop. Dakar, Senegal, July 6–21, 2008.
- ^ Abdrahamane Baba Touré n'est plus: une vie d'engagements[permanent dead link].l'Essor n°14899 du - 2003-02-17
- ^ a b Présidence de la République : “La nomination” de Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga est un véritable canular[usurped]. Adama Dramé. bamanet.net (2008)
- ^ a b Thierry Perret. Le temps des journalistes: l'invention de la presse en Afrique francophone. KARTHALA Editions, (2005) ISBN 2-84586-659-3 pp.126-129.
- ^ Un vibrant plaidoyer pour la réunification des fractions ADEMA d'ici à ... 2012. Aly N.Diallo, L'Indépendant. 2004-02-04
- ^ Céline Thiriot. Rôle de la société civile dans la transition et la consolidation démocratique en Afrique : éléments de réflexion à partir du cas du Mali. Revue internationale de politique comparée. Volume 9 2002/2 pp. 277-295
- ^ 22 septembre 1960 - 2008 : que retenir de l’évolution politique. Cheick Tandina, L'Aube, 18 September 2008.
- ^ Mamadou Fofana, History page at ADEMA-PASJ website (in French).
- ^ Adema/Pasj : La conférence nationale exclut plusieurs responsables du parti. l'Essor n°15902 du - 2007-02-27.
- ^ "Soumeylou Boubèye Maiga exclu de l’ADEMA", Panapress (Jeuneafrique.com), February 26, 2007 (in French).
- Abderhamane Baba Touré and Kadari Bamba. La Contribution du Parti malien du travail (PMT) à l’instauration de la démocratie au Mali. Bamako, Editions Jamana (2001) ISBN 2-910454-92-4