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Jesús Malverde

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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Matzo and the second or maternal family name is Campos.

Jesús Malverde (pronounced [xeˈsus malˈbeɾde] lit. 'bad-green Jesus'; born Jesús Juárez Matzo Campos, 24 December 1870[1][2][3][4] – 3 May 1909), commonly referred to as the "generous bandit", "angel of the poor",[5] or the "narco-saint", was a Mexican bandit and folklore hero in the Mexican state of Sinaloa.

Jesús Malverde
Jesús Malverde image
Angel of the Poor, Generous Bandit, The Narco Saint
Born24 December 1870
Sinaloa, Mexico
Died3 May 1909 (age 39)
Sinaloa, Mexico
Venerated inSinaloa; Folk Catholicism
Major shrineCuliacán, Mexico
Feast3 May
PatronageMexican drug cartels, drug trafficking, outlaws, bandits, robbers, thieves, smugglers, people in poverty

He was of Yoreme and Spanish heritage. He is a "Robin Hood" figure who was supposed to have stolen from the rich to give to the poor.[6] He is celebrated as a folk saint by some in Mexico and the United States, including among drug traffickers.[7]

History

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The existence of Malverde is not historically verified.[8]

Malverde is said to have been a carpenter, tailor, or railway worker.[1] It was not until his parents died of either hunger or a curable disease, depending on the version of the story, that Jesús Malverde began a life of banditry. His nickname Malverde (lit. 'bad-green') was given by his wealthy victims, deriving from an association between green and misfortune.[6]

According to the mythology of Malverde's life, he held a long-standing rivalry with Francisco Cañedo [es], the governor of Sinaloa, who he thought mistreated the poor.[4] One time, Francisco derisively offered Malverde a pardon if he could steal his sword (or, in some versions, his daughter). He is supposed to have died in Sinaloa on 3 May 1909.[9]

Accounts of his death vary. In some versions, he was betrayed and killed by a friend. In others, he was shot or hanged by local police.[6] His body was supposed to have been denied proper burial, being left hanged to rot in public as an example of what happens to those who steal.[5]

Writer Sam Quinones says that there is no evidence that the Malverde of legend ever lived, and that the story probably emerged by mixing material from the lives of two documented Sinaloan bandits, Heraclio Bernal (1855–1888) and Felipe Bachomo (1883–1916).[10]

Cult

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Jesús Malverde culture.

Since Malverde's supposed death, he has earned a Robin Hood-type image, making him popular among Sinaloa's poor highland residents. His bones were said to have been unofficially buried by local people, who threw stones onto them, creating a cairn. Throwing a stone onto the bones was thus a sign of respect, and gave the person the right to make a petition to his spirit.[6] His earliest alleged miracles involved the return of lost or stolen property.[10] His shrine is in Culiacán, capital of Sinaloa. Every year on the anniversary of his death, a large party is held at Malverde's shrine. The original shrine was built over in the 1970s, amid much controversy, and a new shrine was built on nearby land.[9] The original site, which became a parking lot, has since been revived as an unofficial shrine, with a cairn and offerings.[11]

The outlaw image has caused him to be adopted as the "patron saint" of the region's illegal drug trade, and the press have thus dubbed him "the narco-saint."[12] However, his intercession is also sought by those with troubles of various kinds, and a number of supposed miracles have been locally attributed to him, including personal healings and blessings.[9]

According to Patricia Price, "Narcotraffickers have strategically used Malverde's image as a 'generous bandit' to spin their own images as Robin Hoods of sorts, merely stealing from rich drug-addicted gringos and giving some of their wealth back to their Sinaloa hometowns, in the form of schools, road improvements, community celebrations."[6]

Spiritual supplies featuring the visage of Jesús Malverde are available in the United States as well as in Mexico.[3][13] They include candles, anointing oils, incense, sachet powders, bath crystals, soap and lithographed prints suitable for framing.

In culture

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A brewery in Guadalajara launched a beer named after Malverde in northern Mexico in late 2007.[14]

A likeness of Malverde appears in an episode of the TV show Breaking Bad. In several episodes of its spin-off series, Better Call Saul, Lalo Salamanca wears a necklace that contains a depiction of Malverde.[15] Tony Dalton, the actor who plays Salamanca, explained the meaning of Malverde in a video in which actors review their character's props.[16]

Japanese rapper A-Thug released a mixtape named « God MALVERDE » after him in 2017.[citation needed]

Malverde: El Santo Patrón is a 2021 Telemundo series based on Malverde's life, with Pedro Fernández playing the lead role of Malverde.[17]

See also

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  • Chucho el Roto, a Mexican bandit who stole from the rich and shared with the poor
  • Gauchito Gil, an Argentinian folk saint who stole from the rich to give to the poor
  • Nazario Moreno González, a Mexican drug lord sometimes seen as a folk saint or Messiah
  • Santa Muerte, a Mexican folk saint associated with drug cartels and criminality

References

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  1. ^ a b Kingsbury, Kate; Chesnut, R. Andrew (21 November 2018). "'Narcosaint' Jesús Malverde Miraculously Materializes At Trial Of El Chapo Guzman". Global Catholic Review. Patheos. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  2. ^ Chesnut, R. Andrew; Lomelin, Christopher (9 January 2014). "Jesus Malverde: Not Just a Narcosaint". HuffPost. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  3. ^ a b A. Calvo-Quirós, William (2022). "Jesús Malverde: A Saint of the People, for the People". Undocumented Saints: The Politics of Migrating Devotions. Oxford University Press. pp. 32–85. ISBN 9780197630235.
  4. ^ a b Carrasco, Isabel (9 July 2018). "Malverde: The Story Behind The Man Who Became The Patron Saint Of Drug Dealers". Cultura Colectiva. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  5. ^ a b Park, Jungwon. "Sujeto Popular entre el Bien y el Mal: Imágenes Dialécticas de "Jesús Malverde"" [Popular Subject between Good and Evil: Dialectical Images of “Jesús Malverde”]. Lehman College (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e L. Price, Patricia (2004). Dry Place: Landscapes of Belonging and Exclusion. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 153–157. ISBN 978-0-8166-4306-6.
  7. ^ Penhaul, Karl (16 April 2009). "Gang triggerman honored with 'Scarface' hat". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  8. ^ grupo reforma
  9. ^ a b c Quinones, Sam. "Jesus Malverde". Frontline. PBS. Archived from the original on 22 January 2001. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  10. ^ a b Quinones, Sam (2001). True Tales from Another Mexico: The Lynch Mob, the Popsicle Kings, Chalino, and the Bronx. University of New Mexico Press. p. 227. ISBN 9780826322968.
  11. ^ Roig-Franzia, Manuel (22 July 2007). "In the Eerie Twilight, Frenetic Homage To a Potent Symbol". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  12. ^ Suo, Steve (3 October 2004). "Hidden powerhouses underlie meth's ugly spread". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on 16 February 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  13. ^ Davis, Matt (15 March 2007). "Our Blessed Saint of Narcotics?". Portland Mercury. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  14. ^ Castillo, E. Eduardo (7 December 2007). "Mexican company launches beer in honor of unofficial drug saint". San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
  15. ^ Levin, Matt (3 September 2015). "Meet Jesús Malverde, the patron saint of Mexico's drug cartels". Chron.
  16. ^ Better Call Saul [@BetterCallSaul] (31 August 2022). "Tony sure did have some iconic props this season. Beef jerky, anyone? #BetterCallSaul https://t.co/jj7EeyhbPI" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2023 – via Twitter.
  17. ^ González, Moisés (18 February 2021). "Conoce al elenco de Malverde: el santo patrón, la primera superserie de época de Telemundo" [Meet the cast of Malverde: the patron saint, Telemundo's first period superseries]. People en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 February 2021.

Further reading

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