Mangifera caesia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Known in English as jack or white mango, among other names. It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines.[3]
| Mangifera caesia | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Mangifera |
| Species: | M. caesia
|
| Binomial name | |
| Mangifera caesia Jack ex Wall.
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Mangifera kemanga Blume | |
It was featured in Malaysian stamp, printed in 1999 as a postage stamp in the rare fruits series.[4]
Names
editM. caesia is locally known as binjai (Malay language), wani (Balinese language/Dusun language), yaa-lam (Thai language), bayuno/baluno/belunok (Filipino language), mangga wani (Cebuano language/Sabah language), and gwani (Subanen language).[3]
Description
editThese are restricted to wet lowlands at below 450 metres (1,480 ft).[3] It requires rainfall and is rarely in found forests but rather abundant in marshes and riverside areas.[3] Grows up to 30 m (98 ft) tall[3] with a dense crown of round-shaped leaves. The flowers are purple or pink, 0.7 centimetres (0.28 in) long with five sepals. The fruit is a large, edible, elliptical drupe 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 6–8 cm (2.5–3 in) wide. The skin is thin and green or brown with darker patches, and the flesh is yellow-white, mushy, and strongly odorous with an acid-sweet or sour taste. The binjai is believed to originate from the island of Borneo, but is commonly grown elsewhere for its edible fruit. The tree is one of the most common and valuable Mangifera species in western Malaysia, where it is cultivated extensively in orchards. It is also widely grown in Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo.[5]
Reproduction
editThis tree produces thousand of fruits, ripening three months after anthesis. The fruit matures during the rainy season, this is a deciduous, stands erect and bare before shedding large bud scales that envelops twigs and inflorescence.
Propagation method
editIt is propagated from seeds[6] or through marcotting.[7] Grafting on the seedling stock is also possible through inarching potted rootstocks onto twigs of mother trees. The mature tree requires abundant space, about 12 to 16 metres (39 to 52 ft) in either direction.[8]
Used in dishes
editThe fruit of the M. caesia can be served fresh, preserved or cooked.[6] They can be eaten dipped in chili and dark soy sauce. In Bali, it is used as an ingredient for local creamy juices,[5] also for making spice base for chillies sambal which is eaten with river fish. it can also be used in making pickles. The wood is used for light construction.[3]
In Brunei, where it is called binjai, the fruit is used to make a variety of cacah or dipping sauce for ambuyat, a sago dish considered to be the country's national dish.[9]
As irritant
editLike that of Mango, the sap of M. caesia can cause skin eruptions[10] or dermatitis.[11] It unripe fruits' sap can also cause irritation.[12][3]
See also
edit- Mangifera altissima (pahutan or paho mango)
References
edit- ^ Ganesan, S.K. (2021). "Mangifera caesia". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- ^ "Mangifera caesia Jack — POWO". powo.science.kew.org.
- ^ a b c d e f g K, Lim T. (2012). Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 1, Fruits. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-90-481-8661-7. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ Katalog setem : Setem › Rare Fruits of Malaysia.
- ^ a b Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (2012). The Mangoes: Their Botany, Nomenclature, Horticulture and Utilization. Academic Press. pp. 149–151. ISBN 978-0-323-15912-8. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An Inventory". United States Department of Agriculture. p. 17. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Food and Fruit-bearing Forest Species. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1983. p. 93. ISBN 978-92-5-101385-4. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ "You are being redirected..." Worldagroforestry.org. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
- ^ Rokiah Mahmud (5 June 2020). "Dipping into the world of 'cacah ambuyat'". Borneo Bulletin Online. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ Michels (Journalist), John (1943). Science. p. 42. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Perry, Lily May; Metzger, Judith (1980). Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses. MIT Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780262160766. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. American Medical Association. 1945. p. 164. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
External links
edit
Media related to Mangifera caesia at Wikimedia Commons- Kwan, TY. "Sightings: A Mysterious Tree Bears Fruit". Green Dot Internet Services. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
- "Mangifera caesia". Floraofsingapore.wordpress.com. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
