Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry

Margaret of Valois
Margaret of Valois
	Portrait by François Clouet
Duchess of Berry
Tenure	29 April 1550 – 15 September 1574
Predecessor	Margaret I
Successor	Elisabeth
Duchess consort of Savoy
Tenure	10 July 1559 – 15 September 1574
Born	5 June 1523; Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Died	15 September 1574 (aged 51); Turin, Savoy
Burial	Sacra di San Michele
Spouse	Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (m. 1559)
Issue	Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
House	Valois-Angoulême
Father	Francis I of France
Mother	Claude, Duchess of Brittany

Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry (French: Marguerite de Valois) (5 June 1523 – 15 September 1574) was Duchess of Savoy by marriage to Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy. She was the daughter of King Francis I of France and Claude, Duchess of Brittany.

Biography

Early life

Margaret was born at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 5 June 1523 the youngest daughter and child of King Francis I of France and Claude, Duchess of Brittany. Margaret was very close to her paternal aunt, Marguerite of Angoulême, who took care of her and her sister Madeleine during her childhood,^[1] and her sister-in-law Catherine de' Medici.

Near the end of 1538, her father and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, agreed that Margaret should marry Charles' son, the future Philip II of Spain. However, the agreement between Francis and Charles was short-lived and the marriage never took place.

In 1557 she appointed as lady in waiting Jacqueline d'Entremont, to whom she would remain close with later in life.^[2]

On 29 April 1550, at the age of 26, she was created suo jure Duchess of Berry.^[3]

Duchess consort of Savoy

Shortly before her 36th birthday, a marriage was finally arranged for her by her brother King Henry II of France and her former suitor Philip II as part of the terms stipulated in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis which was signed by the ambassadors representing the two monarchs on 3 April 1559.^[4] The husband selected for her was Philip's ally, Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont. At the time, Margaret was described as having been a "spinster lady of excellent breeding and lively intellect".^[4]

The wedding took place in tragic circumstances. On 30 June just three days after her marriage contract had been signed, King Henry was gravely injured during a tournament celebrating the wedding of his eldest daughter Elisabeth to the recently widowed King Philip. A lance wielded by his opponent the Count of Montgomery accidentally struck his helmet at a point beneath the visor and shattered. The wooden splinters deeply penetrated his right eye and entered his brain.^[5] Close to death, but still conscious, the king ordered that his sister's marriage should take place immediately, for fear that the Duke of Savoy might profit from his death and renege on the alliance.

The ceremony did not take place in Notre Dame Cathedral as had been planned. Instead it was a solemn, subdued event conducted at midnight on 9 July in Saint Paul's, a small church not far from the Tournelles Palace where Margaret's dying brother was ensconced. Among the few guests was the French queen consort Catherine de' Medici who sat by herself, weeping.^[5] King Henry died the following day.

Children

Margaret and her husband had only one surviving child: Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy who was born in January 1562, when Margaret was 38 years of age. He later married Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain, the daughter of King Philip by his marriage to Margaret's niece, Elisabeth of Valois.

Death

Margaret died on 14 September 1574 at the age of 51. She was buried in Turin at the Cathedral of Saint Giovanni Battista.

Gallery

Margaret (shown far right), her mother and her sisters
Cathedral of Saint Giovanni Battista, Turin, Margaret's burial place

Ancestry

Ancestors of Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry

16. Louis I, Duke of Orléans (= 24)^[8]

8. John, Count of Angoulême^[8]

17. Valentina Visconti (= 25)^[8]

4. Charles, Count of Angoulême^[6]

18. Alain IX, Viscount of Rohan^[9]

9. Marguerite de Rohan^[9]

19. Margaret of Brittany^[9]

2. Francis I of France

20. Louis, Duke of Savoy^[13]

10. Philip II, Duke of Savoy^[10]

21. Anne of Cyprus^[13]

5. Louise of Savoy^[6]

22. Charles I, Duke of Bourbon^[14]

11. Margaret of Bourbon^[10]

23. Agnes of Burgundy^[14]

1. Margaret, Duchess of Berry

24. Louis I, Duke of Orléans (= 16)^[8]

12. Charles, Duke of Orléans^[11]

25. Valentina Visconti (= 17)^[8]

6. Louis XII of France^[7]

26. Adolph I, Duke of Cleves^[11]

13. Marie of Cleves^[11]

27. Mary of Burgundy^[11]

3. Claude, Duchess of Brittany

28. Richard, Count of Étampes^[15]

14. Francis II, Duke of Brittany^[12]

29. Marguerite of Orléans^[15]

7. Anne, Duchess of Brittany^[7]

30. Gaston IV, Count of Foix^[16]

15. Margaret of Foix^[12]

31. Eleanor of Navarre^[16]

References

^ Marshall, Rosalind K. (2003). Scottish Queens, 1034-1714. Tuckwell Press. p. 10o.
^ Anquetil, Louis Pierre (1850). Histoire de France depuis le temps les plus régulés jusqu'a la Revolution en 1789... (in French). Dufour et Mulat.
^ Seong-Hak Kim, Michel de L'Hôpital: The Vision of a Reformist Chancellor During the French Religious Wars, (Truman State University Press, 1997), 26.
^ ^a ^b Strage, Mark (1976). Women of Power: The Life and Times of Catherine de' Medici. New York and London: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich. pp.95-96
^ ^a ^b Strage, p.98
^ ^a ^b Knecht, R.J. (1984). Francis I. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2.
^ ^a ^b Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires. pp. 134–136.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Adams, Tracy (2010). The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 255.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gicquel, Yvonig [in French] (1986). Alain IX de Rohan, 1382-1462: un grand seigneur de l'âge d'or de la Bretagne (in French). Éditions Jean Picollec. p. 480. ISBN 9782864770718. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 231.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wilson, Katharina M. (1991). An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers. Taylor & Francis. p. 258. ISBN 9780824085476. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b Robin, Diana Maury; Larsen, Anne R.; Levin, Carole (2007). Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England. ABC-CLIO. p. 20. ISBN 978-1851097722.
^ ^a ^b Palluel-Guillard, André. "La Maison de Savoie" (in French). Conseil Savoie Mont Blanc. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b Leguai, André (2005). "Agnès de Bourgogne, duchesse de Bourbon (1405?-1476)". Les ducs de Bourbon, le Bourbonnais et le royaume de France à la fin du Moyen Age [The dukes of Bourbon, the Bourbonnais and the kingdom of France at the end of the Middle Ages] (in French). Yzeure: Société bourbonnaise des études locales. pp. 145–160.
^ ^a ^b Anselme 1726, p. 207
^ ^a ^b Desbois, François Alexandre Aubert de la Chenaye (1773). Dictionnaire de la noblesse (in French). Vol. 6 (2nd ed.). p. 452. Retrieved 28 June 2018.

Royal titles
Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry House of Valois, Orléans-Angoulême branch Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty Born: 5 June 1523 Died: 15 September 1574
Vacant Title last held by Beatrice of Portugal	Duchess consort of Savoy 1559–1574	Vacant Title next held by Catalina Micaela of Spain